octothorp's firebug recommendation is bang on - easily one of my favorite tools. Seeing exactly which CSS properties are applied and being able to edit them in real time and see the changes will save you many hours.
If you've got access to a Mac, you can use CSSEdit for this too. CSSEdit does much the same stuff except you work directly in the file and can save it when you're happy with the changes (the only thing firebug is missing, IMO).
I wouldn't recommend overwriting CSS files if it isn't necessary. Just make a new one! I would make a CSS file called "summer.css" or something, and include it
after the main style.css or whatever in your HTML. Anything in summer.css will override the colors in the main style.css. Summer.css should contain only the seasonal rebranding styles, leaving the layout and whatnot from the main CSS file alone.
I should add that if you don't have a central layout template (that is, if the CSS include is defined on every HTML page), call the summer.css something like season.css and replace it every season.
As for choosing a color scheme, I tend to look to CSS design showcase sites for examples.
http://www.thebestdesigns.com is a good starting place. There are literally thousands of sites to browse there. Take some time and you'll find something that will work.