Ok I think I have some stuff to go on here. Trumbull from your arguments I believe this is how you'd answer the following questions based on your answers to this point. All of which are fair an legitimate answers:
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1. If the NFL was expanding into a new market, let's say the Mississippi N*ggers. Would that be an acceptable team name?
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Given modern sensitivities, a racial slur for a new team would be wildly inappropriate. You see what a slur is depends on who believes it is. Since the only context is racial then no it wouldn't be appropriate at all.
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2. Would your opinion change if the Mississippi N*ggers had a century of tradition including three Super Bowl championships?
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If people grew up with a sports franchise with a long and rich tradition that was unfortunately named the N*ggers, but when people referred to the team it was in the sense of sport and not the degradation of a race then the degradation loses it's meaning in context and therefore would be acceptable.
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3. What if the Atlanta Falcons were sold and the new owner wanted to demonstrate there's a new era in Georgia football and renamed the team the Atlanta N*ggers. Would that be acceptable?
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For the same reasons an expansion team would be inappropriate, as would a name change. Context is what's important here.
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4. Would the identity and history of the Chicago White Sox be drastically different if they dropped the Sox from their name? What if they corrected the name's spelling
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I actually don't have anything to go on here. Does a name change change the team's history, fan base?
I would argue no. A name change doesn't do that. The Los Angels Angels carry the same history that the Anahiem Angels and California Angels have. The Tampa Bay Rays have the same history as the Devil Rays, the New Orleans Pelicans carry the same history as the Hornets. Therefore if the Redskins change their name, their rich history would remain intact.
Now all that said, there is debate on who determines what a racial slur. I don't believe the majority gets to decide what a slur is, but the race that's being degragated. While there are conflicting non-scientific polls saying varying degrees of Native Americans are ok with the term Redskin, the following tribes have spoken out against it:
Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians
Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma
Comanche Nation of Oklahoma
The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (Washington)
Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians (Michigan)
Hoh Indian Tribe
Inter Tribal Council of Arizona
Inter-Tribal Council of the Five Civilized Tribes
Juaneño Band of Mission Indians (California)
Little River Band of Ottawa Indians (Michigan)
Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians, Gun Lake Tribe (Michigan)
Menominee Tribe of Indians (Wisconsin)
Oneida Indian Nation (New York)
Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin
Na###o Nation Council
Penobscot Nation
Poarch Band of Creek Indians
Samish Indian Nation (Washington)
Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians (Michigan)
Shoshone-Bannock Tribes (Idaho)
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe (North Dakota)
The Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation (North Dakota)
United South and Eastern Tribes (USET)
The following Native American organizations have spoken out against the term Redskin:
American Indian Movement
Native American Finance Officers Association (NAFOA)
Native American Journalists Association
Tulsa Indian Coalition Against Racism
In mind that meets the requirement to say Redskin is a racial slur.
So we get to context.
Should a team be named after a racial slur? Even if the name has been around for generations?
If the people who the slur is against want it changed, then it should be changed. The tribes and groups above want it changed.
At this point I think it's case closed. Change it.
But, I will fall back in context. If the team is that hard pressed on keeping the name Redskins, why not change the context of Redskins? Could they make the logo a football, whereby the reference becomes the cour of the pigskin and not a race of people?
Heck logo changes are even more common than name changes, look at our rivals to the west, how many logos have the Canucks had?
You see, I'm actually a reasonable poster, who debates openly and fairly. A debate isn't me versus you, it's the process of refining an idea, making it better, stronger. That's why you answer questions posed, because if the argument is strong it'll stand up.