46 BC Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) in the battle of Thapsus.
402 Stilicho stymies the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia.
1199 King Richard I of England dies from an infection following the removal of an arrow from his shoulder.
1250 Seventh Crusade: Ayyubids of Egypt capture King Louis IX of France in the Battle of Fariskur.
1320 The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath.
1327 The poet Petrarch first sees his idealized love, Laura, in the church of Saint Clare in Avignon.
1385 John, Master of the Order of Aviz, is made king John I of Portugal.
1453 Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Istanbul), which falls on May 29.
1580 One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place.
1652 At the Cape of Good Hope, Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp that eventually becomes Cape Town.
1712 The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 begins near Broadway.
1776 American Revolutionary War: Ships of the Continental Navy fail in their attempt to capture a Royal Navy dispatch boat.
1782 King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (modern day Thailand) establishes the Chakri dynasty.
1793 During the French Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety becomes the executive organ of the republic.
1808 John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America's first millionaire.
1812 British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz. This would be the turning point in the Peninsular War against Napoleon-led France.
1814 Nominal beginning of the Bourbon Restoration; anniversary date that Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba.
1830 Church of Christ, the original church of the Latter Day Saint movement, is organized by Joseph Smith and others at either Fayette or Manchester, New York.
1841 U.S. President John Tyler is sworn in, two days after having become President upon William Henry Harrison's death.
1860 The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, later renamed Community of Christ, is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois.
1861 First performance of Arthur Sullivan's debut success, his suite of incidental music for The Tempest, leading to a career that included the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas.
1862 American Civil War: The Battle of Shiloh begins: In Tennessee, forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant meet Confederate troops led by General Albert Sidney Johnston.
1865 American Civil War: The Battle of Sailor's Creek: Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights and loses its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia during the Appomattox Campaign.
1866 The Grand Army of the Republic, an American patriotic organization composed of Union veterans of the American Civil War, is founded. It lasts until 1956.
1869 Celluloid is patented.
1888 Thomas Green Clemson dies, bequeathing his estate to the State of South Carolina to establish Clemson Agricultural College.
1893 Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is dedicated by Wilford Woodruff.
1895 Oscar Wilde is arrested in the Cadogan Hotel, London, after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.
1896 In Athens, the opening of the first modern Olympic Games is celebrated, 1,500 years after the original games are banned by Roman emperor Theodosius I.
1909 Robert Peary and Matthew Henson reach the North Pole.
1911 During the Battle of Deηiq, Dedλ Gjon Luli Dedvukaj, leader of the Malλsori Albanians, raises the Albanian flag in the town of Tuzi, Montenegro, for the first time after George Kastrioti (Skanderbeg).
1917 World War I: The United States declares war on Germany (see President Woodrow Wilson's address to Congress).
1919 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi orders a general strike.
1926 Varney Airlines makes its first commercial flight (Varney is the root company of United Airlines).
1929 Huey P. Long, Governor of Louisiana, is impeached by the Louisiana House of Representatives.
1930 At the end of the Salt March, Gandhi raises a lump of mud and salt and declares, "With this, I am shaking the foundations of the British Empire."[1]
1936 TupeloGainesville tornado outbreak: Another tornado from the same storm system as the Tupelo tornado hits Gainesville, Georgia, killing 203.
1941 World War II: Nazi Germany launches Operation 25 (the invasion of Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and Operation Marita (the invasion of Greece).
1945 World War II: Sarajevo is liberated from German and Croatian forces by the Yugoslav Partisans.
1945 World War II: The Battle of Slater's Knoll on Bougainville comes to an end.
1947 The first Tony Awards are presented for theatrical achievement.
1957 Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis buys the Hellenic National Airlines (TAE) and founds Olympic Airlines.
1965 Launch of Early Bird, the first commercial communications satellite to be placed in geosynchronous orbit.
1968 In Richmond, Indiana's downtown district, a double explosion kills 41 and injures 150.
1968 Pierre Elliott Trudeau wins the Liberal Leadership Election, and becomes Prime Minister of Canada soon after.
1970 Newhall massacre: Four California Highway Patrol officers are killed in a shootout.
1972 Vietnam War: Easter Offensive: American forces begin sustained air strikes and naval bombardments.
1973 Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft.
1973 The American League of Major League Baseball begins using the designated hitter.
1974 The Swedish pop band ABBA wins the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Waterloo", launching their international career.
1979 Student protests break out in Nepal.
1984 Members of Cameroon's Republican Guard unsuccessfully attempt to overthrow the government headed by Paul Biya.
1992 The Bosnian War begins.
1994 The Rwandan genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvιnal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down.
1998 Nuclear weapons testing: Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of reaching India.
1998 Travelers Group announces an agreement to undertake the $76 billion merger between Travelers and Citicorp, and the merger is completed on October 8, of that year, forming Citibank.
2004 Rolandas Paksas becomes the first president of Lithuania to be peacefully removed from office by impeachment.
2005 Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani becomes Iraqi president; #####e Arab Ibrahim al-Jaafari is named premier the next day.
2008 The 2008 Egyptian general strike starts led by Egyptian workers later to be adopted by April 6 Youth Movement and Egyptian activists.
2009 A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes near L'Aquila, Italy, killing 307.
2010 Maoist rebels kill 76 CRPF officers in Dantewada district, India.
2011 In San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico, over 193 victims of Los Zetas were exhumed from several mass graves.
2012 Azawad declares itself independent from the Republic of Mali.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
451 Attila the Hun sacks the town of Metz and attacks other cities in Gaul.
529 First draft of the Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I.
611 Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul sacks rival city-state Palenque in southern Mexico.
1141 Empress Matilda became the first female ruler of England, adopting the title 'Lady of the English'.
1348 Charles University is founded in Prague.
1521 Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Cebu.
1541 Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies.
1724 Premiere performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's St John Passion BWV 245 at St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig.
1767 End of BurmeseSiamese War (176567).
1776 Captain John Barry and the USS Lexington captures the Edward.
1788 American pioneers to the Northwest Territory establish Marietta, Ohio as the first permanent American settlement in the Northwest Territory.
1789 Selim III became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
1798 The Mississippi Territory is organized from disputed territory claimed by both the United States and Spain. It is expanded in 1804 and again in 1812.
1805 Lewis and Clark Expedition: The Corps of Discovery breaks camp among the Mandan tribe and resumes its journey West along the Missouri River.
1805 German composer Ludwig van Beethoven premiered his Third Symphony, at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna.
1827 John Walker, an English chemist, sells the first friction match that he had invented the previous year.
1829 Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, commences translation of the Book of Mormon, with Oliver Cowdery as his scribe.
1831 Emperor Pedro I of Brazil resigns. He goes to his native Portugal to become King Pedro IV.
1862 American Civil War: The Union's Army of the Tennessee and the Army of the Ohio defeat the Confederate Army of Mississippi near Shiloh, Tennessee.
1868 Thomas D'Arcy McGee, one of the Canadian Fathers of Confederation, is assassinated by a Fenian activist.
1890 Completion of the first Lake Biwa Canal.
1906 Mount Vesuvius erupts and devastates Naples.
1906 The Algeciras Conference gives France and Spain control over Morocco.
1908 H. H. Asquith of the Liberal Party takes office as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, succeeding Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman.
1922 The United States Secretary of the Interior leases federal petroleum reserves to private oil companies on excessively generous terms.
1927 The first long-distance public television broadcast (from Washington, D.C., to New York City, displaying the image of Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover).
1933 Prohibition in the United States is repealed for beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol by weight, eight months before the ratification of the XXI amendment. (Now celebrated as National Beer Day in the United States)
1939 World War II: Italy invades Albania.
1940 Booker T. Washington becomes the first African American to be depicted on a United States postage stamp.
1943 The Holocaust in Ukraine: In Terebovlia, Germans order 1,100 Jews to undress and march through the city to the nearby village of Plebanivka, where they are shot and buried in ditches.
1943 Ioannis Rallis becomes collaborationist Prime Minister of Greece during the Axis Occupation.
1945 World War II: The Yamato, one of the two largest battleships ever constructed, is sunk by American aircraft during Operation Ten-Go.
1945 World War II: Visoko is liberated by the 7th, 9th, and 17th Krajina brigades from the Tenth division of Yugoslav Partisan forces.
1946 Syria's independence from France is officially recognised.
1948 The World Health Organization is established by the United Nations.
1949 The Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific opened on Broadway; it would run for 1,925 performances and win ten Tony Awards.
1954 United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower gives his "domino theory" speech during a news conference.
1955 Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom amid indications of failing health.
1964 IBM announces the System/360.
1964 A bulldozer kills Rev. Bruce W. Klunder, a civil rights activist, during a school segregation protest in Cleveland, Ohio, sparking a riot.
1968 Motor racing world champion Jim Clark is killed in an accident during a Formula Two race at Hockenheim.
1969 The Internet's symbolic birth date: Publication of RFC 1.
1971 President Richard Nixon announces his decision to quicken the pace of Vietnamization.
1976 Member of Parliament and suspected spy John Stonehouse resigns from the Labour Party (UK) after being arrested for faking his own death.
1977 German Federal prosecutor Siegfried Buback and his driver are shot by two Red Army Faction members while waiting at a red light.
1978 Development of the neutron bomb is canceled by President Jimmy Carter.
1980 During the Iran hostage crisis, the United States severs relations with Iran.
1983 During STS-6, astronauts Story Musgrave and Don Peterson perform the first Space Shuttle spacewalk.
1989 Soviet submarine Komsomolets sinks in the Barents Sea off the coast of Norway killing 42 sailors.
1990 IranContra affair: John Poindexter is found guilty of five charges for his part in the scandal (the conviction is later reversed on appeal).
1990 A fire breaks out on the passenger ferry Scandinavian Star, killing 159 people.
1994 Rwandan genocide: Massacres of Tutsis begin in Kigali, Rwanda.
1994 Auburn Calloway attempts to destroy Federal Express Flight 705 in order to allow his family to benefit from his life insurance policy.
1995 First Chechen War: Russian paramilitary troops begin a massacre of civilians in Samashki, Chechnya.
1999 The World Trade Organization rules in favor of the United States in its long-running trade dispute with the European Union over bananas.
2001 Mars Odyssey is launched.
2003 U.S. troops capture Baghdad; Saddam Hussein's regime falls two days later.
2009 Former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori is sentenced to 25 years in prison for ordering killings and kidnappings by security forces.
2009 Mass protests begin across Moldova under the belief that results from the parliamentary election are fraudulent.
2017 The 2017 Stockholm attack kills five and injures fifteen others.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!
Last edited by CaptainCrunch; 04-07-2018 at 12:55 PM.
217 Roman Emperor Caracalla is assassinated. He is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
632 King Charibert II is assassinated at Blaye (Gironde), along with his infant son Chilperic.
876 The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
1093 The new Winchester Cathedral is dedicated by Walkelin.
1139 Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated.
1149 Pope Eugene III takes refuge in the castle of Ptolemy II of Tusculum.
1232 MongolJin War: The Mongols begin their siege on Kaifeng, the capital of the Jin dynasty.
1271 In Syria, sultan Baibars conquers the Krak des Chevaliers.
1665 English colonial patents are granted for the establishment of the Monmouth Tract, for what would eventually become Monmouth County in northeastern New Jersey.
1730 Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated.
1740 War of Jenkins' Ear: Three British ships capture the Spanish third-rate Princesa, taken into service as HMS Princess.
1808 The Roman Catholic Diocese of Baltimore is promoted to an archdiocese, with the founding of the dioceses of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown (now Louisville) by Pope Pius VII.
1820 The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos.
1832 Black Hawk War: Around three-hundred United States 6th Infantry troops leave St. Louis, Missouri to fight the Sauk Native Americans.
1864 American Civil War: Battle of Mansfield: Union forces are thwarted by the Confederate army at Mansfield, Louisiana.
1866 Italy and Prussia ally against the Austrian Empire.
1886 William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.
1895 In Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. the Supreme Court of the United States declares unapportioned income tax to be unconstitutional.
1904 The French Third Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland sign the Entente cordiale.
1904 British mystic Aleister Crowley transcribes the first chapter of The Book of the Law.
1904 Longacre Square in Midtown Manhattan is renamed Times Square after The New York Times.
1906 Auguste Deter, the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, dies.
1908 Harvard University votes to establish the Harvard Business School.
1913 The 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution, requiring direct election of Senators, becomes law.
1916 In Corona, California, race car driver Bob Burman crashes, killing three (including himself), and badly injuring five spectators.
1918 World War I: Actors Douglas Fairbanks and Charlie Chaplin sell war bonds on the streets of New York City's financial district.
1924 Sharia courts are abolished in Turkey, as part of Atatόrk's Reforms.
1929 Indian independence movement: At the Delhi Central Assembly, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt throw handouts and bombs to court arrest.
1935 The Works Progress Administration is formed when the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 becomes law.
1942 World War II: Siege of Leningrad: Soviet forces open a much-needed railway link to Leningrad.
1942 World War II: The Japanese take Bataan in the Philippines.
1943 U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in an attempt to check inflation, freezes wages and prices, prohibits workers from changing jobs unless the war effort would be aided thereby, and bars rate increases by common carriers and public utilities.
1943 Otto and Elise Hampel are executed in Berlin for their anti-Nazi activities
1945 World War II: After an air raid accidentally destroys a train carrying about 4,000 Nazi concentration camp internees in Prussian Hanover, the survivors are massacred by Nazis.
1946 Ιlectricitι de France, the world's largest utility company, is formed as a result of the nationalisation of a number of electricity producers, transporters and distributors.
1950 India and Pakistan sign the LiaquatNehru Pact.
1952 U.S. President Harry Truman calls for the seizure of all domestic steel mills in an attempt to prevent the 1952 steel strike.
1953 Mau Mau leader Jomo Kenyatta is convicted by British Kenya's rulers.
1954 A Royal Canadian Air Force Canadair Harvard collides with a Trans-Canada Airlines Canadair North Star over Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, killing 37 people.
1954 South African Airways Flight 201 A de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1 crashes into the sea during night killing 21 people.
1959 A team of computer manufacturers, users, and university people led by Grace Hopper meets to discuss the creation of a new programming language that would be called COBOL.
1959 The Organization of American States drafts an agreement to create the Inter-American Development Bank.
1960 The Netherlands and West Germany sign an agreement to negotiate the return of German land annexed by the Dutch in return for 280 million German marks as Wiedergutmachung.
1961 A large explosion on board the MV Dara in the Persian Gulf kills 238.
1964 The Gemini 1 test flight is conducted.
1968 BOAC Flight 712 catches fire shortly after take off. As a result of her actions in the accident, Barbara Jane Harrison is awarded a posthumous George Cross, the only GC awarded to a woman in peacetime.
1970 Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing: Israeli bombers strike an Egyptian school. Forty-six children are killed.
1974 At AtlantaFulton County Stadium, Hank Aaron hits his 715th career home run to surpass Babe Ruth's 39-year-old record.
1975 Frank Robinson manages the Cleveland Indians in his first game as major league baseball's first African American manager.
1987 Los Angeles Dodgers executive Al Campanis resigns amid controversy over racially charged remarks he had made while on Nightline.
1992 Retired tennis great Arthur Ashe announces that he has AIDS, acquired from blood transfusions during one of his two heart surgeries.
1993 The Republic of Macedonia joins the United Nations.
1999 Haryana Gana Parishad, a political party in the Indian state of Haryana, merges with the Indian National Congress.
2004 War in Darfur: The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement is signed by the Sudanese government and two rebel groups.
2006 Shedden massacre: The bodies of eight men, all shot to death, are found in a field in Shedden, Elgin County, Ontario. The murders are soon linked to the Bandidos Motorcycle Club.
2008 The construction of the world's first building to integrate wind turbines is completed in Bahrain.
2013 The Islamic State of Iraq enters the Syrian Civil War and begins by declaring a merger with the Al-Nusra Front under the name Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
190 Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground.
475 Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position.
537 Siege of Rome: The Byzantine general Belisarius receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of Hunnic or Slavic origin and expert bowmen. He starts, despite shortages, raids against the Gothic camps and Vitiges is forced into a stalemate.
1241 Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies.
1288 Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Yuan forces are defeated by Trần forces in the Battle of Bach Dang in present-day northern Vietnam.
1388 Despite being outnumbered 16 to 1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Nδfels.
1413 Henry V is crowned King of England.
1440 Christopher of Bavaria is appointed King of Denmark.
1454 The Treaty of Lodi is signed, establishing a balance of power among northern Italian city-states for almost 50 years.
1511 St John's College, Cambridge, England, founded by Lady Margaret Beaufort, receives its charter.
1585 The expedition organised by Sir Walter Raleigh departs England for Roanoke Island (now in North Carolina) to establish the Roanoke Colony.
1609 Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.
1609 Philip III of Spain issues the decree of the "Expulsion of the Moriscos".
1682 Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana.
1782 American Revolutionary War: Battle of the Saintes begins.
1860 On his phonautograph machine, Ιdouard-Lιon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.
1865 American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the war.
1909 The U.S. Congress passes the PayneAldrich Tariff Act.
1914 Mexican Revolution: One of the world's first naval/air skirmishes takes place off the coast of western Mexico.
1916 World War I: The Battle of Verdun: German forces launch their third offensive of the battle.
1917 World War I: The Battle of Arras: The battle begins with Canadian Corps executing a massive assault on Vimy Ridge.
1918 World War I: The Battle of the Lys: The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps is crushed by the German forces during what is called the Spring Offensive on the Belgian region of Flanders.
1918 The National Council of Bessarabia proclaims union with the Kingdom of Romania.
1937 The Kamikaze arrives at Croydon Airport in London. It is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.
1939 Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial, after being denied the right to sing at the Daughters of the American Revolution's Constitution Hall.
1940 World War II: Operation Weserόbung: Germany invades Denmark and Norway.
1940 Vidkun Quisling seizes power in Norway.
1942 World War II: The Battle of Bataan ends. An Indian Ocean raid by Japan's 1st Air Fleet sinks the British aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and the Australian destroyer HMAS Vampire.
1945 Execution of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, anti-Nazi dissident and spy, by the Nazi regime.
1945 World War II: The German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer is sunk by the Royal Air Force
1945 World War II: The Battle of Kφnigsberg, in East Prussia, ends.
1945 The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed.
1947 The GlazierHigginsWoodward tornadoes kill 181 and injure 970 in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
1947 The Journey of Reconciliation, the first interracial Freedom Ride begins through the upper South in violation of Jim Crow laws. The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel.
1947 United Nations Security Council Resolution 22 relating to Corfu Channel incident is adopted.
1948 Jorge Eliιcer Gaitαn's assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotα (the Bogotazo), and a further ten years of violence in Colombia.
1948 Fighters from the Irgun and Lehi Zionist paramilitary groups attacked Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, killing over 100.
1952 Hugo Balliviαn's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalization of tin mines
1957 The Suez Canal in Egypt is cleared and opens to shipping.
1959 Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".
1960 Dr Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa and architect of apartheid, narrowly survives an assassination attempt by a white farmer, David Pratt in Johannesburg.
1961 The Pacific Electric Railway in Los Angeles, once the largest electric railway in the world, ends operations.
1965 Astrodome opens. First indoor baseball game is played.
1967 The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight.
1969 The first British-built Concorde 002 makes its maiden flight from Filton to RAF Fairford.
1975 The first game of the Philippine Basketball Association, the second oldest professional basketball league in the world.
1976 The EMD F40PH diesel locomotive enters revenue service with Amtrak.
1980 The Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein kills philosopher Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister Bint al-Huda after three days of torture.
1981 The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington accidentally collides with the Nissho Maru, a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it.
1989 Tbilisi massacre: an anti-Soviet peaceful demonstration and hunger strike in Tbilisi, demanding restoration of Georgian independence, is dispersed by the Soviet Army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
1991 Georgia declares independence from the Soviet Union
1992 A U.S. Federal Court finds former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty of drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison.
1999 Kosovo War: The Battle of Koare begins.
2003 Iraq War: Baghdad falls to American forces.
2005 Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall.
2009 In Tbilisi, Georgia, up to 60,000 people protest against the government of Mikheil Saakashvili.
2013 A 6.1magnitude earthquake strikes Iran killing 32 people and injuring over 850 people.
2013 At least 13 people are killed and another three injured after a man goes on a spree shooting in the Serbian village of Velika Ivanča.
2014 A student stabs 20 people at Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville, Pennsylvania.
2017 Palm Sunday church bombings at Coptic Churches in Tanta and Alexandria take place.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
428 Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople.
837 Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).
1407 Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama visits the Ming dynasty capital at Nanjing. He is awarded the title "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma".
1500 Ludovico Sforza is captured by Swiss troops at Novara and is handed over to the French.
1606 The Virginia Company of London is established by royal charter by James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America.
1710 The Statute of Anne, the first law regulating copyright, comes into force in Great Britain.
1741 War of the Austrian Succession: Prussia gains control of Silesia at the Battle of Mollwitz.
809 Napoleonic Wars: The War of the Fifth Coalition begins when forces of the Austrian Empire invade Bavaria.
1815 The Mount Tambora volcano begins a three-month-long eruption, lasting until July 15. The eruption ultimately kills 71,000 people and affects Earth's climate for the next two years.
1816 The Federal government of the United States approves the creation of the Second Bank of the United States.
1821 Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople is hanged by the Ottoman government from the main gate of the Patriarchate and his body is thrown into the Bosphorus.
1826 The 10,500 inhabitants of the Greek town of Missolonghi begin leaving the town after a year's siege by Turkish forces. Very few of them survive.
1858 After the original Big Ben, a 14.5 tonnes (32,000 lb) bell for the Palace of Westminster, had cracked during testing, it is recast into the current 13.76 tonnes (30,300 lb) bell by Whitechapel Bell Foundry.
1864 Archduke Maximilian of Habsburg is proclaimed emperor of Mexico during the French intervention in Mexico.
1865 American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General Robert E. Lee addresses his troops for the last time.
1866 The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is founded in New York City by Henry Bergh.
1868 At Arogee in Abyssinia, British and Indian forces defeat an army of Emperor Tewodros II. While 700 Ethiopians are killed and many more injured, only two British/Indian troops die.
1872 The first Arbor Day is celebrated in Nebraska.
1887 On Easter Sunday, Pope Leo XIII authorizes the establishment of the Catholic University of America.
1912 RMS Titanic sets sail from Southampton, England on her maiden and only voyage.
1916 The Professional Golfers' Association of America (PGA) is created in New York City.
1919 Mexican Revolution leader Emiliano Zapata is ambushed and shot dead by government forces in Morelos.
1925 The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is first published in New York City, by Charles Scribner's Sons.
1941 World War II: The Axis powers establish the Independent State of Croatia.
1944 Rudolf Vrba and Alfrιd Wetzler escape from Birkenau death camp.
1957 The Suez Canal is reopened for all shipping after being closed for three months.
1963 One hundred twenty-nine American sailors die when the submarine USS Thresher sinks at sea.
1968 The TEV Wahine, a New Zealand ferry sinks in Wellington harbour due to a fierce storm- the strongest winds ever in Wellington. Out of the 734 people on board, fifty-three died.
1970 Paul McCartney announces that he is leaving The Beatles for personal and professional reasons.
1971 Ping-pong diplomacy: In an attempt to thaw relations with the United States, China hosts the U.S. table tennis team for a week-long visit.
1972 Tombs containing bamboo slips, among them Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Bin's lost military treatise, are accidentally discovered by construction workers in Shandong.
1972 Vietnam War: For the first time since November 1967, American B-52 bombers reportedly begin bombing North Vietnam.
1973 Invicta International Airlines Flight 435 crashes in a snowstorm on approach to Basel, Switzerland killing 108 people.
1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak: A tornado lands in Wichita Falls, Texas killing 42 people.
1988 The Ojhri Camp explosion kills or injures more than 1,000 people in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
1991 Italian ferry MS Moby Prince collides with an oil tanker in dense fog off Livorno, Italy killing 140.
1991 A rare tropical storm develops in the South Atlantic Ocean near Angola; the first to be documented by satellites.
1998 The Good Friday Agreement is signed in Northern Ireland.
2009 President of Fiji Ratu Josefa Iloilo announces the abrogation of the constitution and assumes all governance in the country, creating a constitutional crisis.
2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154M crashes near Smolensk, Russia, killing 96 people, including Polish President Lech Kaczyński, his wife, and dozens of other senior officials and dignitaries.
2016 The Paravur temple accident in which a devastating fire caused by the explosion of firecrackers stored for Vishu, kills more than one hundred people out of the thousands gathered for seventh day of Bhadrakali worship.
2016 An earthquake, of 6.6 magnitude, strikes 39 km west-southwest of Ashkasham, shakes up India, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Srinagar and Pakistan.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
491 Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
1079 Bishop Stanislaus of Krakσw is executed by order of Bolesław II of Poland.
1241 Batu Khan defeats Bιla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
1512 War of the League of Cambrai: French forces led by Gaston de Foix win the Battle of Ravenna.
1544 Italian War of 154246: A French army defeats Habsburg forces at the Battle of Ceresole, but fails to exploit its victory.
1689 William III and Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Great Britain.
1713 War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War): Treaty of Utrecht.
1727 Premiere of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion BWV 244b at the St. Thomas Church, Leipzig
1809 An incomplete British victory over the French fleet at the Battle of the Basque Roads results in the court-martial of James, Lord Gambier.
1814 The Treaty of Fontainebleau ends the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon Bonaparte, and forces him to abdicate unconditionally for the first time.
1856 Second Battle of Rivas: Juan Santamarνa burns down the hostel where William Walker's filibusters are holed up.
1868 Former shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrenders Edo Castle to Imperial forces, marking the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.
1876 The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks is organized.
1881 Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.
1908 SMS Blόcher, the last armored cruiser to be built by the Imperial German Navy, launches.
1909 The city of Tel Aviv is founded.
1921 Emir Abdullah establishes the first centralised government in the newly created British protectorate of Transjordan.
1945 World War II: American forces liberate the Buchenwald concentration camp.
1951 Korean War: President Harry Truman relieves General of the Army Douglas MacArthur of overall command in Korea.
1951 The Stone of Scone, the stone upon which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned, is found on the site of the altar of Arbroath Abbey. It had been taken by Scottish nationalist students from its place in Westminster Abbey.
1955 The Air India Kashmir Princess is bombed and crashes in a failed assassination attempt on Zhou Enlai by the Kuomintang.
1957 United Kingdom agrees to Singaporean self-rule.
1961 The trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.
1963 Pope John XXIII issues Pacem in terris, the first encyclical addressed to all Christians instead of only Catholics.
1965 The Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965: Fifty-one tornadoes hit in six Midwestern states, killing 256 people.
1968 President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.
1968 Assassination attempt on Rudi Dutschke, leader of the German student movement.
1970 Apollo 13 is launched.
1976 The Apple I is created.
1977 London Transport's Silver Jubilee AEC Routemaster buses are launched.
1979 Ugandan dictator Idi Amin is deposed.
1981 A massive riot in Brixton, south London results in almost 300 police injuries and 65 serious civilian injuries.
1986 FBI Miami Shootout: A gun battle in broad daylight in Dade County, Florida between two bank/armored car robbers and pursuing FBI agents. During the firefight, FBI agents Jerry L. Dove and Benjamin P. Grogan were killed, while five other agents were wounded. As a result, the popular .40 S&W cartridge was developed.
1987 The London Agreement is secretly signed between Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister Shimon Peres and King Hussein of Jordan.
1990 Customs officers in Middlesbrough, England, seize what they believe to be the barrel of a massive gun on a ship bound for Iraq.
1993 Four hundred fifty prisoners rioted at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, and continued to do so for ten days, citing grievances related to prison conditions, as well as the forced vaccination of Nation of Islam prisoners (for tuberculosis) against their religious beliefs.
2001 The detained crew of a United States EP-3E aircraft that landed in Hainan, China after a collision with a J-8 fighter, is released.
2002 The Ghriba synagogue bombing by al-Qaeda kills 21 in Tunisia.
2002 Over two hundred thousand people march in Caracas towards the Presidential palace to demand the resignation of president Hugo Chαvez. Nineteen protesters are killed.
2006 Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announces Iran's claim to have successfully enriched uranium.
2007 Algiers bombings: Two bombings in Algiers kill 33 people and wound a further 222 others.
2011 An explosion in the Minsk Metro, Belarus kills 15 people and injures 204 others.
2012 A pair of great earthquakes occur in the Wharton Basin west of Sumatra in Indonesia. The maximum Mercalli intensity of this strike-slip doublet earthquake was VII (Very strong). Ten were killed, twelve were injured, and a non-destructive tsunami was observed on the island of Nias.
2018 An Ilyushin Il-76 military aircraft crashes near Boufarik, Algeria, killing 257.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
238 Gordian II loses the Battle of Carthage against the Numidian forces loyal to Maximinus Thrax and is killed. Gordian I, his father, commits suicide.
240 Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I.
467 Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
627 King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to Christianity by Paulinus, bishop of York.
1167 King Karl Sverkersson of Sweden is murdered on Visingsφ.
1204 The Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade breach the walls of Constantinople and enter the city, which they completely occupy the following day.
1606 The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of English and Scottish ships.
1776 American Revolution: With the Halifax Resolves, the North Carolina Provincial Congress authorizes its Congressional delegation to vote for independence from Britain.
1807 The Froberg mutiny ends when the remaining mutineers blow up the magazine of Fort Ricasoli.
1820 Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.
1831 Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester, England cause it to collapse.
1861 American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sumter. The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
1862 American Civil War: The Andrews Raid (the Great Locomotive Chase) occurs, starting from Big Shanty, Georgia (now Kennesaw).
1864 American Civil War: The Battle of Fort Pillow: Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.
1865 American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.
1877 The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
1910 SMS Zrνnyi, one of the last pre-dreadnought battleships built by the Austro-Hungarian Navy, is launched.
1917 World War I: Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans.
1927 Shanghai massacre of 1927: Chiang Kai-shek orders the Communist Party of China members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front.
1927 Rocksprings, Texas was hit by an F5 tornado that destroyed 235 of the 247 buildings in the town and killed 72 townspeople and injured 205; third deadliest tornado in Texas history.
1928 The Bremen, a German Junkers W 33 type aircraft, takes off for the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.
1934 The strongest surface wind gust in the world at the time of 231 mph, is measured on the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire. It has since been surpassed.
1934 The U.S. Auto-Lite strike begins, culminating in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers.
1937 Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.
1945 U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies in office; Vice President Harry S. Truman becomes President upon Roosevelt's death.
1945 World War II: The U.S. Ninth Army under General William H. Simpson crosses the Elbe River astride Magdeburg, and reached Tangermόndeonly 50 miles from Berlin.
1955 The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
1961 Cold War: Space Race: The Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first manned orbital flight, Vostok 1.
1963 The Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-33 collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S Finnclipper in the Danish straits.
1970 Soviet submarine K-8, carrying four nuclear torpedoes, sinks in the Bay of Biscay four days after a fire on board.
1980 Samuel Doe takes control of Liberia in a coup d'ιtat, ending over 130 years of minority Americo-Liberian rule over the country.
1981 The first launch of a Space Shuttle (Columbia) takes place: The STS-1 mission.
1990 Jim Gary's "Twentieth Century Dinosaurs" exhibition opens at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He is the only sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition there.
1992 The Euro Disney Resort officially opens with its theme park Euro Disneyland; the resort and its park's name are subsequently changed to Disneyland Paris.
1999 United States President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in a civil lawsuit; he is later fined and disbarred.
2002 A suicide bomber blows herself up at the entrance to Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda Market, killing seven people and wounding 104.
2007 A suicide bomber penetrates the Green Zone and detonates in a cafeteria within a parliament building, killing Iraqi MP Mohammed Awad and wounding more than twenty other people.
2009 Zimbabwe officially abandons the Zimbabwean dollar as its official currency.
2013 Two suicide bombers kill three Chadian soldiers and injure dozens of civilians at a market in Kidal, Mali.
2014 The Great Fire of Valparaνso ravages the Chilean city of Valparaνso, killing 16, displacing nearly 10,000, and destroying over 2,000 homes.
2017 Zuma Must Fall protests resume in South Africa, with Julius Malema addressing large crowds in Pretoria.[1]
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
945 Hugh of Provence abdicates the throne in favor of his son Lothair II who is acclaimed sole king of Italy.
1111 Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1204 Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
1612 Miyamoto Musashi defeats Sasaki Kojirō at Funajima island.
1613 Samuel Argall captures Native American princess Pocahontas in Passapatanzy, Virginia to ransom her for some English prisoners held by her father; she is brought to Henricus as hostage.
1742 George Frideric Handel's oratorio Messiah makes its world-premiere in Dublin, Ireland.
1777 American Revolutionary War: American forces are ambushed and defeated in the Battle of Bound Brook, New Jersey.
1829 The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 gives Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom the right to vote and to sit in Parliament.
1849 Lajos Kossuth presents the Hungarian Declaration of Independence in a closed session of the National Assembly.
1861 American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces.
1865 American Civil War: Raleigh, North Carolina is occupied by Union Forces.
1870 The New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art is founded.
1873 The Colfax massacre, in which more than 60 African Americans are murdered, takes place.
1909 The military of the Ottoman Empire reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
1919 The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea is established.
1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre: British troops gun down at least 379 unarmed demonstrators in Amritsar, India; at least 1200 are wounded.
1919 Eugene V. Debs is imprisoned at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia, for speaking out against the draft during World War I.
1941 A Pact of neutrality between the USSR and Japan is signed.
1943 World War II: The discovery of mass graves of Polish prisoners of war killed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre is announced, causing a diplomatic rift between the Polish government-in-exile in London from the Soviet Union, which denies responsibility.
1943 The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C., on the 200th anniversary of President Thomas Jefferson's birth.
1944 Diplomatic relations between New Zealand and the Soviet Union are established.
1945 World War II: German troops kill more than 1,000 political and military prisoners in Gardelegen, Germany.
1945 World War II: Soviet and Bulgarian forces capture Vienna.
1948 In an ambush, 78 Jewish doctors, nurses and medical students from Hadassah Hospital, and a British soldier, are massacred by Arabs in Sheikh Jarrah. This event came to be known as the Hadassah medical convoy massacre.
1953 CIA director Allen Dulles launches the mind-control program Project MKUltra.
1958 American pianist Van Cliburn is awarded first prize at the inaugural International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.
1960 The United States launches Transit 1-B, the world's first satellite navigation system.
1964 At the Academy Awards, Sidney Poitier becomes the first African-American male to win the Best Actor award for the 1963 film Lilies of the Field.
1970 An oxygen tank aboard the Apollo 13 Service Module explodes, putting the crew in great danger and causing major damage to the Apollo Command/Service Module (codenamed "Odyssey") while en route to the Moon.
1972 The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative, effectively expelling the Republic of China administering Taiwan.
1972 Vietnam War: The Battle of An Lộc begins.
1974 Western Union (in cooperation with NASA and Hughes Aircraft) launches the United States' first commercial geosynchronous communications satellite, Westar 1.
1975 An attack by the Phalangist resistance kills 26 militia members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, marking the start of the 15-year Lebanese Civil War.
1976 The United States Treasury Department reintroduces the two-dollar bill as a Federal Reserve Note on Thomas Jefferson's 233rd birthday as part of the United States Bicentennial celebration.
1976 Forty workers die in an explosion at the Lapua ammunition factory, the deadliest accidental disaster in modern history in Finland.
1987 Portugal and China sign an agreement in which Macau would be returned to China in 1999.
1992 Basements throughout the Chicago Loop are flooded, forcing the Chicago Board of Trade Building and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to close.
1997 Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the Masters Tournament.
2017 The US drops the largest ever non-nuclear weapon on Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
43 BC Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Caesar's assassin Decimus Brutus in Mutina, defeats the forces of the consul Pansa, but is then immediately defeated by the army of the other consul, Aulus Hirtius.
AD 69 Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Emperor Otho in the Battle of Bedriacum and seizes the throne.
AD 70 Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, surrounds the Jewish capital with four Roman legions.
193 Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans).
966 After his marriage to the Christian Doubravka of Bohemia, the pagan ruler of the Polans, Mieszko I, converts to Christianity, an event considered to be the founding of the Polish state.
972 Co-Emperor Otto II, a son of Otto I (the Great), marries the Byzantine princess Theophanu. She is crowned empress by Pope John XIII at Rome.
1028 Henry III, son of Conrad, is elected King of Germany.
1205 Battle of Adrianople between Bulgarians and Crusaders.
1294 Temόr, grandson of Kublai, is elected Khagan of the Mongols and Emperor of the Yuan dynasty with the reigning titles Oljeitu and Chengzong.
1341 Sack of Saluzzo (Italy) by Italian-Angevine troops under Manfred V, Marquess of Saluzzo.
1434 The foundation stone of Nantes Cathedral, France is laid.
1471 In England, the Yorkists under Edward IV defeat the Lancastrians under the Earl of Warwick at the Battle of Barnet; the Earl is killed and Edward IV resumes the throne.
1561 A celestial phenomenon is reported over Nuremberg, described as an aerial battle.
1639 Imperial forces are defeated by the Swedes at the Battle of Chemnitz. The Swedish victory prolongs the Thirty Years' War and allows them to advance into Bohemia.
1699 Khalsa: The Sikh religion was formalised as the Khalsa - the brotherhood of Warrior-Saints - by Guru Gobind Singh in northern India, in accordance with the Nanakshahi calendar.
1775 The first abolition society in North America is established. The Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage is organized in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush.
1816 Bussa, a slave in British-ruled Barbados, leads a slave rebellion and is killed. For this, he is remembered as the first national hero of Barbados.
1828 Noah Webster copyrights the first edition of his dictionary.
1849 Hungary declares itself independent of Austria with Lajos Kossuth as its leader.
1865 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is shot in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth; Lincoln died the next day.
1865 U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward and his family are attacked at home by Lewis Powell.
1881 The Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight is fought in El Paso, Texas.
1890 The Pan-American Union is founded by the First International Conference of American States in Washington, D.C.
1894 The first ever commercial motion picture house opened in New York City using ten Kinetoscopes, a device for peep-show viewing of films.
1900 The Exposition Universelle begins.
1902 James Cash Penney opens his first store in Kemmerer, Wyoming.[1]
1906 The Azusa Street Revival opens and will launch Pentecostalism as a worldwide movement.
1908 Hauser Dam, a steel dam on the Missouri River in Montana, U.S., fails, sending a surge of water 25 to 30 feet (7.6 to 9.1 m) high downstream.
1909 A massacre is organized by the Ottoman Empire against the Armenian population of Cilicia.
1912 The British passenger liner RMS Titanic hits an iceberg in the North Atlantic at 23:40 (sinks morning of April 15th).
1927 The first Volvo car premieres in Gothenburg, Sweden.
1928 The Bremen, a German Junkers W 33 type aircraft, reaches Greenly Island, Canada - the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.
1931 The Spanish Cortes deposes King Alfonso XIII and proclaims the Second Spanish Republic.
1935 The Black Sunday dust storm, considered one of the worst storms of the Dust Bowl, swept across the Oklahoma and Texas panhandles and neighboring areas.
1939 The Grapes of Wrath, by American author John Steinbeck is first published by the Viking Press.
1940 World War II: Royal Marines land in Namsos, Norway in preparation for a larger force to arrive two days later.
1941 World War II: German general Erwin Rommel attacks Tobruk.
1942 Malta receives the George Cross for its gallantry. The George Cross was given by King George VI himself and is now an emblem on the Maltese national flag.
1944 Bombay explosion: A massive explosion in Bombay harbor kills 300 and causes economic damage valued then at 20 million pounds.
1945 Razing of Friesoythe: The 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division deliberately destroyed the German town of Friesoythe on the orders of Major General Christopher Vokes.
1958 The Soviet satellite Sputnik 2 falls from orbit after a mission duration of 162 days. This was the first spacecraft to carry a living animal, a female dog named Laika, who likely lived only a few hours.
1967 Gnassingbι Eyadιma overthrows President of Togo Nicolas Grunitzky and installs himself as the new president, a title he would hold for the next 38 years.
1978 Tbilisi Demonstrations: Thousands of Georgians demonstrate against Soviet attempts to change the constitutional status of the Georgian language.
1981 STS-1: The first operational Space Shuttle, Columbia completes its first test flight.
1986 The heaviest hailstones ever recorded (1 kilogram (2.2 lb)) fall on the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh, killing 92.
1988 The USS Samuel B. Roberts strikes a mine in the Persian Gulf during Operation Earnest Will.
1988 In a United Nations ceremony in Geneva, Switzerland, the Soviet Union signs an agreement pledging to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan.
1991 The Republic of Georgia introduces the post of President after its declaration of independence from the Soviet Union.
1994 In a U.S. friendly fire incident during Operation Provide Comfort in northern Iraq, two United States Air Force aircraft mistakenly shoot-down two United States Army helicopters, killing 26 people.
1999 NATO mistakenly bombs a convoy of ethnic Albanian refugees. Yugoslav officials say 75 people were killed.
1999 A severe hailstorm strikes Sydney, Australia causing A$2.3 billion in insured damages, the most costly natural disaster in Australian history.
2002 Venezuelan President Hugo Chαvez returns to office two days after being ousted and arrested by the country's military.
2003 The Human Genome Project is completed with 99% of the human genome sequenced to an accuracy of 99.99%.
2003 U.S. troops in Baghdad capture Abu Abbas, leader of the Palestinian group that killed an American on the hijacked cruise liner the MS Achille Lauro in 1985.
2005 The Oregon Supreme Court nullifies marriage licenses issued to same-sex couples a year earlier by Multnomah County.
2010 Nearly 2,700 are killed in a magnitude 6.9 earthquake in the Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.
2012 United Nations Security Council Resolution 2042 relating to Syrian uprising is adopted.
2014 Twin bomb blasts in Abuja, Nigeria, kill at least 75 people and injures 141 others.
2014 Two hundred seventy-six schoolgirls are abducted by Boko Haram in Chibok, Nigeria.
2016 In Japan, the foreshock of Kumamoto earthquakes occurs.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
769 The Lateran Council condemned the Council of Hieria and anathematized its iconoclastic rulings.
1071 Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscard.
1395 Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde at the Battle of the Terek River. The Golden Horde capital city, Sarai, is razed to the ground and Timur installs a puppet ruler on the throne.
1450 Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English forces, ending English domination in Northern France.
1632 Battle of Rain: Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
1642 Irish Confederate Wars: A Confederate Irish militia is routed in the Battle of Kilrush when it attempts to halt the progress of a Royalist Army.
1715 The Pocotaligo Massacre triggers the start of the Yamasee War in colonial South Carolina.
1736 Foundation of the Kingdom of Corsica
1738 Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel receives its premiere performance in London, England.
1755 Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language is published in London.
1783 Preliminary articles of peace ending the American Revolutionary War (or American War of Independence) are ratified.
1817 Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc founded the American School for the Deaf, the first American school for deaf students, in Hartford, Connecticut.
1861 President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 Volunteers to quell the insurrection that soon became the American Civil War.
1865 President Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth. Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes President upon Lincoln's death.
1892 The General Electric Company is formed.
1896 Closing ceremony of the Games of the I Olympiad in Athens, Greece.
1900 PhilippineAmerican War: Filipino guerrillas launch a surprise attack on U.S. infantry and begin a four-day siege of Catubig, Philippines.
1907 Triangle Fraternity is founded at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign
1912 The British passenger liner RMS Titanic sinks in the North Atlantic at 2:20 a.m., two hours and forty minutes after hitting an iceberg. Only 710 of 2,227 passengers and crew on board survive.
1920 Two security guards are murdered during a robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. Anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti would be convicted of and executed for the crime, amid much controversy.
1922 U.S. Senator John B. Kendrick of Wyoming introduces a resolution calling for an investigation of a secret land deal, which leads to the discovery of the Teapot Dome scandal.
1923 Insulin becomes generally available for use by people with diabetes.
1924 Rand McNally publishes its first road atlas.
1936 First day of the Arab revolt in Mandatory Palestine.
1941 In the Belfast Blitz, two-hundred bombers of the German Luftwaffe attack Belfast, killing around one thousand people.
1942 The George Cross is awarded "to the island fortress of Malta: Its people and defenders" by King George VI.
1945 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is liberated.
1947 Jackie Robinson debuts for the Brooklyn Dodgers, breaking baseball's color line.
1955 McDonald's restaurant dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois
1960 At Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina, Ella Baker leads a conference that results in the creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, one of the principal organizations of the civil rights movement in the 1960s.
1969 The EC-121 shootdown incident: North Korea shoots down a United States Navy aircraft over the Sea of Japan, killing all 31 on board.
1970 During the Cambodian Civil War, massacres of the Vietnamese minority results in 800 bodies flowing down the Mekong river into South Vietnam.
1986 The United States launches Operation El Dorado Canyon, its bombing raids against Libyan targets in response to a bombing in West Germany that killed two U.S. servicemen.
1989 Hillsborough disaster: A human crush occurs at Hillsborough Stadium, home of Sheffield Wednesday, in the FA Cup Semi-final, resulting in the deaths of 96 Liverpool fans.
1989 Upon Hu Yaobang's death, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 begin in China.
2013 Two bombs explode near the finish line at the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts, killing three people and injuring 264 others.
2014 In the worst massacre of the South Sudanese Civil War, at least 200 civilians were gunned down after seeking refuge in houses of worship as well as hospitals.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
1457 BC Likely date of the Battle of Megiddo between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Kadesh, the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.
AD 73 Masada, a Jewish fortress, falls to the Romans after several months of siege, ending the Great Jewish Revolt.
1346 Duan the Mighty is proclaimed Emperor, with the Serbian Empire occupying much of the Balkans.
1520 The Revolt of the Comuneros begins in Spain against the rule of Charles V.
1582 Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma founds the settlement of Salta, Argentina.
1746 The Battle of Culloden is fought between the French-supported Jacobites and the British Hanoverian forces commanded by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, in Scotland. After the battle many highland traditions were banned and the Highlands of Scotland were cleared of inhabitants.
1780 The University of Mόnster in Mόnster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany is founded.
1799 French Revolutionary Wars: The Battle of Mount Tabor: Napoleon drives Ottoman Turks across the River Jordan near Acre.
1818 The United States Senate ratifies the RushBagot Treaty, establishing the border with Canada.
1847 The accidental shooting of a Māori by an English sailor results in the opening of the Wanganui Campaign of the New Zealand land wars.
1853 The first passenger rail opens in India, from Bori Bunder, Bombay to Thane.
1858 The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.
1862 American Civil War: Battle at Lee's Mills in Virginia.
1862 American Civil War: The District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act, a bill ending slavery in the District of Columbia, becomes law.
1863 American Civil War: During the Vicksburg Campaign, gunboats commanded by Acting Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter run downriver past Confederate artillery batteries at Vicksburg.[1]
1881 In Dodge City, Kansas, Bat Masterson fights his last gun battle.
1908 Natural Bridges National Monument is established in Utah.
1910 The oldest existing indoor ice hockey arena still used for the sport in the 21st century, Boston Arena, opens for the first time.
1912 Harriet Quimby becomes the first woman to fly an airplane across the English Channel.
1917 Vladimir Lenin returns to Petrograd, Russia, from exile in Switzerland.
1919 Mohandas Gandhi organizes a day of "prayer and fasting" in response to the killing of Indian protesters in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre by the British colonial troops three days earlier.
1919 PolishSoviet War: The Polish army launches the Vilna offensive to capture Vilnius in modern Lithuania.
1922 The Treaty of Rapallo, pursuant to which Germany and the Soviet Union re-establish diplomatic relations, is signed.
1925 During the Communist St Nedelya Church assault in Sofia, Bulgaria, 150 are killed and 500 are wounded.
1941 World War II: The Italian-German Tarigo convoy is attacked and destroyed by British ships.
1941 World War II: The Nazi-affiliated Ustae is put in charge of the Independent State of Croatia by the Axis powers after Operation 25 is effected.
1943 Albert Hofmann accidentally discovers the hallucinogenic effects of the research drug LSD. He intentionally takes the drug three days later on April 19.
1944 World War II: Allied forces start bombing Belgrade, killing about 1,100 people. This bombing fell on the Orthodox Christian Easter.
1945 World War II: The Red Army begins the final assault on German forces around Berlin, with nearly one million troops fighting in the Battle of the Seelow Heights.
1945 The United States Army liberates Nazi Sonderlager (high security) prisoner-of-war camp Oflag IV-C (better known as Colditz).
1945 More than 7,000 die when the German refugee ship Goya is sunk by a Soviet submarine.
1947 Texas City disaster: An explosion on board a freighter in port causes the city of Texas City, Texas, to catch fire, killing almost 600.
1947 Bernard Baruch first applies the term "Cold War" to describe the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union.
1961 In a nationally broadcast speech, Cuban leader Fidel Castro declares that he is a MarxistLeninist and that Cuba is going to adopt Communism.
1963 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. pens his Letter from Birmingham Jail while incarcerated in Birmingham, Alabama for protesting against segregation.
1972 Apollo program: The launch of Apollo 16 from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
1990 "Doctor Death", Jack Kevorkian, participates in his first assisted suicide.
1992 The Katina P runs aground off of Maputo, Mozambique and 60,000 tons of crude oil spill into the ocean.
2001 India and Bangladesh begin a five-day border conflict, but are unable to resolve the disputes about their border.
2003 The Treaty of Accession is signed in Athens admitting ten new member states to the European Union.
2007 Virginia Tech shooting: Seung-Hui Cho guns down 32 people and injures 17 before committing suicide.
2012 The trial for Anders Behring Breivik, the perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks, begins in Oslo, Norway.
2012 The Pulitzer Prize winners were announced, it was the first time since 1977 that no book won the Fiction Prize.
2013 A 7.8-magnitude earthquake strikes Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran, killing at least 35 people and injuring 117 others.
2013 The 2013 Baga massacre is started when Boko Haram militants engage government soldiers in Baga.
2014 The South Korean ferry MV Sewol capsizes and sinks near Jindo Island, killing 304 passengers and crew and leading to widespread criticism of the South Korean government, media, and shipping authorities.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
1080 Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
1349 The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan II.
1362 Kaunas Castle falls to the Teutonic Order after a month-long siege.
1397 Geoffrey Chaucer tells The Canterbury Tales for the first time at the court of Richard II. Chaucer scholars have also identified this date (in 1387) as the start of the book's pilgrimage to Canterbury.
1492 Spain and Christopher Columbus sign the Capitulations of Santa Fe for his voyage to Asia to acquire spices.
1521 Trial of Martin Luther over his teachings begins during the assembly of the Diet of Worms. Initially intimidated, he asks for time to reflect before answering and is given a stay of one day.
1524 Giovanni da Verrazzano reaches New York harbor.
1797 Sir Ralph Abercromby attacks San Juan, Puerto Rico, in what would be one of the largest invasions of the Spanish territories in the Americas.
1797 Citizens of Verona begin an unsuccessful eight-day rebellion against the French occupying forces.
1861 The state of Virginia's secession convention votes to secede from the United States, becoming the 8th state to join the Confederate States of America.
1863 American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins: Troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.
1864 American Civil War: The Battle of Plymouth begins: Confederate forces attack Plymouth, North Carolina.
1895 The Treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan is signed. This marks the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea and to concede the southern portion of the Fengtien province, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands to Japan.
1905 The Supreme Court of the United States decides Lochner v. New York, which holds that the "right to free contract" is implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
1907 The Ellis Island immigration center processes 11,747 people, more than on any other day.
1912 Russian troops open fire on striking goldfield workers in northeast Siberia, killing at least 150.
1941 World War II: The Kingdom of Yugoslavia surrenders to Germany.
1942 French prisoner of war General Henri Giraud escapes from his castle prison in Kφnigstein Fortress.
1944 Forces of the Communist-controlled Greek People's Liberation Army attack the smaller National and Social Liberation resistance group, which surrenders. Its leader Dimitrios Psarros is murdered.
1945 World War II: Montese, Italy, is liberated from Nazi forces.
1946 The last French troops are withdrawn from Syria.
1949 At midnight 26 Irish counties officially leave the British Commonwealth. A 21-gun salute on O'Connell Bridge, Dublin, ushers in the Republic of Ireland.
1951 The Peak District becomes the United Kingdom's first National Park.
1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion: A group of Cuban exiles financed and trained by the CIA lands at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba with the aim of ousting Fidel Castro.
1969 Sirhan Sirhan is convicted of assassinating Robert F. Kennedy.
1969 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia chairman Alexander Dubček is deposed.
1970 Apollo program: The ill-fated Apollo 13 spacecraft returns to Earth safely.
1971 The People's Republic of Bangladesh is formed.
1975 The Cambodian Civil War ends. The Khmer Rouge captures the capital Phnom Penh and Cambodian government forces surrender.
1978 Mir Akbar Khyber is assassinated, provoking a communist coup d'ιtat in Afghanistan.
1982 Patriation of the Canadian constitution in Ottawa by Proclamation of Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada.
2006 A Palestinian suicide bomber detonates an explosive device in a Tel Aviv restaurant, killing 11 people and injuring 70.
2013 An explosion at a fertilizer plant in the city of West, Texas, kills 15 people and injures 160 others.
2014 NASA's Kepler space observatory confirms the discovery of the first Earth-size planet in the habitable zone of another star.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
796 King Ζthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The patrician Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27
days.
1025 Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
1506 The cornerstone of the current St. Peter's Basilica is laid.
1518 Bona Sforza is crowned as queen consort of Poland.
1521 Trial of Martin Luther begins its second day during the assembly of the Diet of Worms. He refuses to recant his teachings despite the risk of excommunication.
1689 Bostonians rise up in rebellion against Sir Edmund Andros.
1738 Real Academia de la Historia ("Royal Academy of History") is founded in Madrid.
1775 American Revolution: The British advancement by sea begins; Paul Revere and other riders warn the countryside of the troop movements.
1831 The University of Alabama is founded in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
1847 American victory at the battle of Cerro Gordo opens the way for invasion of Mexico.
1857 "The Spirits Book" by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.
1864 Battle of Dybbψl: A Prussian-Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig. Denmark surrenders the province in the following peace settlement.
1897 The Greco-Turkish War is declared between Greece and the Ottoman Empire.
1899 The St. Andrew's Ambulance Association is granted a royal charter by Queen Victoria.
1902 The 7.5 Mw Guatemala earthquake shakes Guatemala with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing between 8002,000.
1906 An earthquake and fire destroy much of San Francisco, California.
1909 Joan of Arc is beatified in Rome.
1912 The Cunard liner RMS Carpathia brings 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic to New York City.
1915 French pilot Roland Garros is shot down and glides to a landing on the German side of the lines during World War I.
1923 Yankee Stadium: "The House that Ruth Built" opens.
1925 The International Amateur Radio Union is formed in Paris.[1]
1930 The British Broadcasting Corporation announced that "there is no news" in their evening report.
1942 World War II: The Doolittle Raid on Japan: Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe and Nagoya are bombed.
1942 Pierre Laval becomes Prime Minister of Vichy France.
1943 World War II: Operation Vengeance, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto is killed when his aircraft is shot down by U.S. fighters over Bougainville Island.
1945 Over 1,000 bombers attack the small island of Heligoland, Germany.
1946 The International Court of Justice holds its inaugural meeting in The Hague, Netherlands.
1949 The Republic of Ireland Act comes into effect.
1949 The keel for the aircraft carrier USS United States is laid down at Newport News Drydock and Shipbuilding. However, construction is canceled five days later, resulting in the Revolt of the Admirals.
1954 Gamal Abdel Nasser seizes power in Egypt.
1955 Twenty-nine nations meet at Bandung, Indonesia, for the first Asian-African Conference.
1980 The Republic of Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) comes into being, with Canaan Banana as the country's first President. The Zimbabwean dollar replaces the Rhodesian dollar as the official currency.
1983 A suicide bomber in Lebanon destroys the United States embassy in Beirut, killing 63 people.
1988 The United States launches Operation Praying Mantis against Iranian naval forces in the largest naval battle since World War II.
1992 General Abdul Rashid Dostum revolts against President Mohammad Najibullah of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and allies with Ahmad Shah Massoud to capture Kabul.
1996 In Lebanon, at least 106 civilians are killed when the Israel Defense Forces shell the United Nations compound at Quana where more than 800 civilians had taken refuge.
1997 The Red River flood begins and soon overwhelms the city of Grand Forks, North Dakota. Fire breaks out and spreads in downtown Grand Forks, but high water levels hamper efforts to reach the fire, leading to the destruction of 11 buildings.[2]
2007 A series of bombings, two of them being suicides, occur in Baghdad, killing 198 and injuring 251.
2013 A suicide bombing in a Baghdad cafe kills 27 people and injures another 65.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
AD 65 The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.
531 Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria).
797 Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI. He is deposed and blinded. Shortly after, Constantine dies of his wounds; Irene proclaims herself basileus.
1012 Martyrdom of Ζlfheah in Greenwich, England.
1506 The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are being slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics.
1529 Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (German: Fόrst) and independent cities protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms.
1539 Treaty of Frankfurt signed.
1608 In Ireland: O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry.
1677 The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.
1713 With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa (not actually born until 1717).
1770 Captain James Cook, still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.
1770 Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI of France in a proxy wedding.
1775 American Revolutionary War: The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord.
1782 John Adams secures the Dutch Republic's recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague, Netherlands becomes the first American embassy.
1809 An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
1810 Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparαn, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.
1818 French physicist Augustin Fresnel signs his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction" (deposited on the following day). The document ends with what we now call the Fresnel integrals.
1839 The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.
1861 American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
1903 The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world.
1927 Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
1942 World War II: In Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp.
1943 World War II: In Poland, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins, after German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up the remaining Jews.
1943 Albert Hofmann deliberately doses himself with LSD for the first time, three days after having discovered its effects on April 16.
1956 Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco.
1960 Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against president Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.
1971 Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president.
1971 Launch of Salyut 1, the first space station.
1971 Charles Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment) for conspiracy in the TateLaBianca murders.
1973 The Portuguese Socialist Party is founded in the German town of Bad Mόnstereifel.
1975 India's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar, Russia.
1984 Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold as the national colours.
1985 Two hundred ATF and FBI agents lay siege to the compound of the white supremacist survivalist group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord in Arkansas; the CSA surrenders two days later.
1987 The Simpsons first appear as a series of shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show, first starting with Good Night.
1989 A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
1993 The 51-day FBI siege of the Branch Davidian building in Waco, Texas, USA, ends when a fire breaks out. Seventy-six Davidians, including 18 children under the age of 10, died in the fire.
1995 Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, USA, is bombed, killing 168 people including 19 children under the age of six.
1999 The German Bundestag returns to Berlin.
2005 Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected to the papacy and becomes Pope Benedict XVI.
2011 Fidel Castro resigns as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba after holding the title since July 1961.
2013 Boston Marathon bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev is killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar is later captured hiding in a boat inside a backyard in the suburb of Watertown.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
1303 The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
1453 Three Genoese galleys and a Byzantine blockade runner fight their way through an Ottoman blockading fleet a few weeks before the fall of Constantinople.
1534 Jacques Cartier begins his first voyage to what is today the east coast of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador.
1535 The sun dog phenomenon observed over Stockholm and depicted in the famous painting Vδdersolstavlan.
1653 Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament.
1657 Admiral Robert Blake destroys a Spanish silver fleet under heavy fire at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
1657 Freedom of religion is granted to the Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York City).
1689 Deposed monarch James II of England lays siege to Derry.
1752 Start of KonbaungHanthawaddy War, a new phase in the Burmese Civil War (174057).
1770 The Georgian king, Erekle II, abandoned by his Russian ally Count Totleben, wins a victory over Ottoman forces at Aspindza.
1775 American Revolutionary War: The Siege of Boston begins, following the battles at Lexington and Concord.
1789 George Washington arrives at Grays Ferry, Philadelphia while en route to Manhattan for his inauguration.
1792 France declares war against the "King of Hungary and Bohemia", the beginning of French Revolutionary Wars.
1800 The Septinsular Republic is established.
1809 Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
1810 The Governor of Caracas, Venezuela declares independence from Spain.
1818 The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.
1828 Renι Cailliι becomes the second non-Muslim to enter (and the first to return from) Timbuktu, following Major Gordon Laing.
1836 U.S. Congress passes an act creating the Wisconsin Territory.
1861 American Civil War: Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia.
1862 Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard complete the experiment falsifying the theory of spontaneous generation.
1865 Astronomer Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk, which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX's yacht, the L'Immaculata Concezion.
1876 The April Uprising begins. Its suppression shocks European opinion, and Bulgarian independence becomes a condition for ending the Russo-Turkish War.
1884 Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum genus.
1898 U.S. President William McKinley signed a joint resolution to Congress for declaration of War against Spain, beginning the SpanishAmerican War.
1902 Pierre and Marie Curie refine radium chloride.
1908 Opening day of competition in the New South Wales Rugby League.
1912 Opening day for baseball's Tiger Stadium in Detroit, and Fenway Park in Boston.
1914 Nineteen men, women, and children die in the Ludlow Massacre during a Colorado coal-miner's strike.
1916 The Chicago Cubs play their first game at Weeghman Park (currently Wrigley Field), defeating the Cincinnati Reds 76 in 11 innings.
1918 Manfred von Richthofen, a.k.a. The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims, his final victories before his death the following day.
1922 The Soviet government creates South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within Georgian SSR.
1945 World War II: U.S. troops capture Leipzig, Germany, only to later cede the city to the Soviet Union.
1945 World War II: Fόhrerbunker: Adolf Hitler makes his last trip to the surface to award Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth.
1945 Twenty Jewish children used in medical experiments at Neuengamme are killed in the basement of the Bullenhuser Damm school.
1946 The League of Nations officially dissolves, giving most of its power to the United Nations.
1961 Cold War: Failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of US-backed Cuban exiles against Cuba.
1968 English politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial Rivers of Blood speech.
1972 Apollo program: Apollo 16, commanded by John Young, lands on the moon.
1999 Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 13 people and injured 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado.
2007 Johnson Space Center shooting: William Phillips with a handgun barricades himself in NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas before killing a male hostage and himself.
2008 Danica Patrick wins the Indy Japan 300 becoming the first female driver in history to win an Indy car race.
2010 The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explodes in the Gulf of Mexico, killing eleven workers and beginning an oil spill that would last six months.
2012 One hundred twenty-seven people are killed when a plane crashes in a residential area near the Benazir Bhutto International Airport near Islamabad, Pakistan.
2013 A 6.6-magnitude earthquake strikes Lushan County, Ya'an, in China's Sichuan province, killing more than 150 people and injuring thousands.
2015 Ten people are killed in a bomb attack on a convoy carrying food supplies to a United Nations compound in Garowe in the Somali region of Puntland.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
43 BC Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered shortly after.
900 The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (the earliest known written document found in what is now the Philippines): the Commander-in-Chief of the Kingdom of Tondo, as represented by the Honourable Jayadewa, Lord Minister of Pailah, pardons from all debt the Honourable Namwaran and his relations.
1092 The Diocese of Pisa is elevated to the rank of metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Urban II
1506 The three-day Lisbon Massacre comes to an end with the slaughter of over 1,900 suspected Jews by Portuguese Catholics.
1509 Henry VIII ascends the throne of England on the death of his father, Henry VII.
1526 The last ruler of the Lodi dynasty, Ibrahim Lodi is defeated and killed by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat.
1615 The Wignacourt Aqueduct is inaugurated in Malta.
1782 The city of Rattanakosin, now known internationally as Bangkok, is founded on the eastern bank of the Chao Phraya River by King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke.
1792 Tiradentes, a revolutionary leading a movement for Brazil's independence, is hanged, drawn and quartered.
1802 Twelve thousand Wahhabis under Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, invaded city of Karbala, killed over three thousand inhabitants, and sacked the city.
1806 Action of 21 April 1806: A French frigate escapes British forces off the coast of South Africa.
1809 Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the Battle of Eckmόhl.
1821 Benderli Ali Pasha arrives in Constantinople as the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire; he remains in power for only nine days before being sent into exile.
1836 Texas Revolution: The Battle of San Jacinto: Republic of Texas forces under Sam Houston defeat troops under Mexican General Antonio Lσpez de Santa Anna.
1856 Australian labour movement: Stonemasons and building workers on building sites around Melbourne march from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House to achieve an eight-hour day.
1894 Norway formally adopts the KragJψrgensen bolt-action rifle as the main arm of its armed forces, a weapon that would remain in service for almost 50 years.
1898 SpanishAmerican War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports. When the U.S. Congress issued a declaration of war on April 25, it declared that a state of war had existed from this date.
1914 Ypiranga incident: A German arms shipment to Mexico is intercepted by the U.S. Navy near Veracruz.
1918 World War I: German fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen, better known as "The Red Baron", is shot down and killed over Vaux-sur-Somme in France.
1926 Al-Baqi cemetery, former site of the mausoleum of four Shi'a Imams, is leveled to the ground by Wahhabis.
1934 The "Surgeon's Photograph", the most famous photo allegedly showing the Loch Ness Monster, is published in the Daily Mail (in 1999, it is revealed to be a hoax).
1945 World War II: Soviet forces south of Berlin at Zossen attack the German High Command headquarters.
1948 United Nations Security Council Resolution 47 relating to Kashmir conflict is adopted.
1952 Secretary's Day (now Administrative Professionals' Day) is first celebrated.
1960 Brasνlia, Brazil's capital, is officially inaugurated. At 09:30, the Three Powers of the Republic are simultaneously transferred from the old capital, Rio de Janeiro.
1962 The Seattle World's Fair (Century 21 Exposition) opens. It is the first World's Fair in the United States since World War II.
1963 The first election of the Universal House of Justice is held, marking its establishment as the supreme governing institution of the Bahα'ν Faith.
1964 A Transit-5bn satellite fails to reach orbit after launch; as it re-enters the atmosphere, 2.1 pounds (0.95 kg) of radioactive plutonium in its SNAP RTG power source is widely dispersed.
1965 The 19641965 New York World's Fair opens for its second and final season.
1966 Rastafari movement: Haile Selassie of Ethiopia visits Jamaica, an event now celebrated as Grounation Day.
1967 Greek military junta of 196774: A few days before the general election in Greece, Colonel George Papadopoulos leads a coup d'ιtat, establishing a military regime that lasts for seven years.
1975 Vietnam War: President of South Vietnam Nguyễn Văn Thiệu flees Saigon, as Xuβn Lộc, the last South Vietnamese outpost blocking a direct North Vietnamese assault on Saigon, falls.
1977 Annie opens on Broadway.
1982 Baseball: Rollie Fingers of the Milwaukee Brewers becomes the first pitcher to record 300 saves.
1985 The compound of the militant group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord surrenders to federal authorities in Arkansas after a two-day government siege.
1987 The Tamil Tigers are blamed for a car bomb that detonates in the Sri Lankan capital city of Colombo, killing 106 people.
1989 Tiananmen Square protests of 1989: In Beijing, around 100,000 students gather in Tiananmen Square to commemorate Chinese reform leader Hu Yaobang.
1993 The Supreme Court in La Paz, Bolivia, sentences former dictator Luis Garcνa Meza to 30 years in jail without parole for murder, theft, fraud and violating the constitution.
2004 Five suicide car bombers target police stations in and around Basra, killing 74 people and wounding 160.
2010 The controversial Kharkiv Pact (Russian Ukrainian Naval Base for Gas Treaty) is signed in Kharkiv, Ukraine, by Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev; it was unilaterally terminated by Russia on March 31, 2014.
2012 Two trains are involved in a head-on collision near Sloterdijk, Amsterdam, in the Netherlands, injuring 116 people.
2012 United Nations Security Council Resolution 2043 relating to Syrian uprising is adopted.
2014 The American city of Flint, Michigan switches its water source to the Flint River, beginning the ongoing Flint water crisis which has caused lead poisoning in up to 12,000 people, and 15 deaths from Legionnaires disease, ultimately leading to criminal indictments against 15 people, five of whom have been charged with involuntary manslaughter.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
238 Year of the Six Emperors: The Roman Senate outlaws emperor Maximinus Thrax for his bloodthirsty proscriptions in Rome and nominates two of its members, Pupienus and Balbinus, to the throne.
1500 Portuguese navigator Pedro Αlvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
1519 Spanish conquistador Hernαn Cortιs establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
1529 Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Moluccas.
1622 The Capture of Ormuz by the East India Company ends Portuguese control of Hormuz Island.
1809 The second day of the Battle of Eckmόhl: The Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon and driven over the Danube in Regensburg.
1836 Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto, forces under Texas General Sam Houston identify Mexican General Antonio Lσpez de Santa Anna among the captives of the battle when one of his fellow captives mistakenly gives away his identity.
1864 The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 that mandates that the inscription In God We Trust be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
1876 The first game in the history of the National League was played at the Jefferson Street Grounds in Philadelphia. This game is often pointed to as the beginning of the MLB.
1889 At noon, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Rush of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed with populations of at least 10,000.
1898 SpanishAmerican War: The USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship.
1906 The 1906 Intercalated Games, not now recognized as part of the official Olympic Games, open in Athens.
1915 The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres.
1930 The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.
1944 The 1st Air Commando Group using Sikorsky R-4 helicopters stage the first use of helicopters in combat with combat search and rescue operations in the China Burma India Theater.
1944 World War II: Operation Persecution is initiated: Allied forces land in the Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) area of New Guinea.
1945 World War II: Prisoners at the Jasenovac concentration camp revolt. Five hundred twenty are killed and around eighty escape.
1945 World War II: Fόhrerbunker: After learning that Soviet forces have taken Eberswalde without a fight, Adolf Hitler admits defeat in his underground bunker and states that suicide is his only recourse.
1948 ArabIsraeli War: Haifa, a major port of Israel, is captured from Arab forces.
1951 Korean War: The Chinese People's Volunteer Army begin assaulting positions defended by the Royal Australian Regiment and the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry at the Battle of Kapyong.
1954 Red Scare: Witnesses begin testifying and live television coverage of the ArmyMcCarthy hearings begins.
1969 British yachtsman Sir Robin Knox-Johnston wins the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race and completes the first solo non-stop circumnavigation of the world.
1970 The first Earth Day is celebrated.
1972 Vietnam War: Increased American bombing in Vietnam prompts anti-war protests in Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco.
1977 Optical fiber is first used to carry live telephone traffic.
1983 The German magazine Stern claims the "Hitler Diaries" had been found in wreckage in East Germany; the diaries are subsequently revealed to be forgeries.
1992 In a series of explosions in Guadalajara, Mexico, 206 people are killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 left homeless.
1993 Eighteen-year-old Stephen Lawrence is murdered in a racially motivated attack while waiting for a bus in Well Hall, Eltham.
1997 Haouch Khemisti massacre in Algeria where 93 villagers are killed.
2000 In a pre-dawn raid, federal agents seize six-year-old Eliαn Gonzαlez from his relatives' home in Miami.
2004 Two fuel trains collide in Ryongchon, North Korea, killing up to 150 people.
2005 Japan's Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi apologizes for Japan's war record.
2008 The United States Air Force retires the remaining F-117 Nighthawk aircraft in service.
2013 The Royal Canadian Mounted Police arrest and charge two men with plotting to disrupt a Toronto area train service in a plot claimed to be backed by Al-Qaeda elements.
2014 More than 60 people are killed and 80 are seriously injured in a train crash in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Katanga Province.
2016 The Paris Agreement is signed, an agreement to help fight global warming.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
215 BC A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.
599 Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southern Mexico, defeating queen Yohl Ik'nal and sacking the city.
711 Dagobert III succeeds his father King Childebert III as King of the Franks.
1014 Battle of Clontarf: High King of Ireland Brian Boru defeats Viking invaders, but is killed in battle.
1016 Edmund Ironside succeeds his father Ζthelred the Unready as King of England.
1343 St. George's Night Uprising commences in the Duchy of Estonia.
1348 The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III is announced on St. George's Day.
1516 The Bayerische Reinheitsgebot (regarding the ingredients of beer) is signed in Ingolstadt.
1521 Battle of Villalar: King Charles I of Spain defeats the Comuneros.
1635 The first public school in the United States, Boston Latin School, is founded in Boston.
1655 The Siege of Santo Domingo begins during the Anglo-Spanish War, and fails seven days later.
1660 Treaty of Oliva is established between Sweden and Poland.
1661 King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey.
1815 The Second Serbian Uprising: A second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, erupts shortly after the annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire.
1879 Fire burns down the second main building and dome of the University of Notre Dame, which prompts the construction of the third, and current, Main Building with its golden dome.
1914 First baseball game at Wrigley Field, then known as Weeghman Park, in Chicago.
1918 World War I: The British Royal Navy makes a raid in an attempt to neutralise the Belgian port of Bruges-Zeebrugge.
1920 The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) is founded in Ankara. The assembly denounces the government of Sultan Mehmed VI and announces the preparation of a temporary constitution.
1927 Cardiff City defeat Arsenal in the FA Cup Final, the only time it has been won by a team not based in England.
1935 The Polish Constitution of 1935 is adopted.
1940 The Rhythm Club fire at a dance hall in Natchez, Mississippi, kills 198 people.
1941 World War II: The Greek government and King George II evacuate Athens before the invading Wehrmacht.
1942 World War II: Baedeker Blitz: German bombers hit Exeter, Bath and York in retaliation for the British raid on Lόbeck.
1945 World War II: Adolf Hitler's designated successor, Hermann Gφring, sends him a telegram asking permission to take leadership of the Third Reich. Martin Bormann and Joseph Goebbels advise Hitler that the telegram is treasonous.
1946 Manuel Roxas is elected the last President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
1949 Chinese Civil War: Establishment of the People's Liberation Army Navy.
1951 Cold War: American journalist William N. Oatis is arrested for espionage by the Communist government of Czechoslovakia.
1961 Algiers putsch by French generals.
1967 Soviet space program: Soyuz 1 (Russian: Союз 1, Union 1) a manned spaceflight carrying cosmonaut Colonel Vladimir Komarov is launched into orbit.
1968 Vietnam War: Student protesters at Columbia University in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university.
1971 Bangladesh Liberation War: The Pakistan Army and Razakars massacre approximately 3,000 Hindu emigrants in the Jathibhanga area of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
1985 Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than three months.
1990 Namibia becomes the 160th member of the United Nations and the 50th member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
1993 Eritreans vote overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia in a United Nations-monitored referendum.
1993 Sri Lankan politician Lalith Athulathmudali is assassinated while addressing a gathering, approximately four weeks ahead of the Provincial Council elections for the Western Province.
2005 The first ever YouTube video, titled "Me at the zoo", was published by user "jawed".[1]
2013 At least 28 people are killed and more than 70 are injured as violence breaks out in Hawija, Iraq.
__________________
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
1479 BC Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).
1184 BC Traditional date of the fall of Troy.
1547 Battle of Mόhlberg. Duke of Alba, commanding Spanish-Imperial forces of Charles I of Spain, defeats the troops of Schmalkaldic League.
1558 Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the Dauphin of France, Franηois, at Notre Dame de Paris.
1704 The first regular newspaper in British Colonial America, The Boston News-Letter, is published.
1800 The United States Library of Congress is established when President John Adams signs legislation to appropriate $5,000 to purchase "such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress".
1877 Russo-Turkish War: Russian Empire declares war on Ottoman Empire.
1885 American sharpshooter Annie Oakley is hired by Nate Salsbury to be a part of Buffalo Bill's Wild West.
1895 Joshua Slocum, the first person to sail single-handedly around the world, sets sail from Boston, Massachusetts aboard the sloop "Spray".
1913 The Woolworth Building, a skyscraper in New York City, is opened.
1914 The FranckHertz experiment, a pillar of quantum mechanics, is presented to the German Physical Society.
1915 The arrest of 250 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Istanbul marks the beginning of the Armenian Genocide.
1916 Easter Rising: Irish rebels, led by Patrick Pearse and James Connolly, launch an uprising in Dublin against British rule and proclaim an Irish Republic.
1916 Ernest Shackleton and five men of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition launch a lifeboat from uninhabited Elephant Island in the Southern Ocean to organise a rescue for the crew of the sunken Endurance.
1918 World War I: First tank-to-tank combat, during the second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. Three British Mark IVs meet three German A7Vs.
1922 The first segment of the Imperial Wireless Chain providing wireless telegraphy between Leafield in Oxfordshire, England, and Cairo, Egypt, comes into operation.
1923 In Vienna, the paper Das Ich und das Es (The Ego and the Id) by Sigmund Freud is published, which outlines Freud's theories of the id, ego, and super-ego.
1926 The Treaty of Berlin is signed. Germany and the Soviet Union each pledge neutrality in the event of an attack on the other by a third party for the next five years.
1932 Benny Rothman leads the mass trespass of Kinder Scout, leading to substantial legal reforms in the United Kingdom.
1933 Nazi Germany begins its persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses by shutting down the Watch Tower Society office in Magdeburg.
1944 World War II: The SBS launches a raid against the garrison of Santorini in Greece.
1953 Winston Churchill is knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
1955 The Bandung Conference ends: Twenty-nine non-aligned nations of Asia and Africa finish a meeting that condemns colonialism, racism, and the Cold War.
1957 Suez Crisis: The Suez Canal is reopened following the introduction of UNEF peacekeepers to the region.
1963 Marriage of HRH Princess Alexandra of Kent to the Hon Angus Ogilvy at Westminster Abbey in London.
1965 Civil war breaks out in the Dominican Republic when Colonel Francisco Caamaρo, overthrows the triumvirate that had been in power since the coup d'ιtat against Juan Bosch.
1967 Cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov dies in Soyuz 1 when its parachute fails to open. He is the first human to die during a space mission.
1967 Vietnam War: American General William Westmoreland says in a news conference that the enemy had "gained support in the United States that gives him hope that he can win politically that which he cannot win militarily."
1970 The Gambia becomes a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, with Dawda Jawara as its first President.
1980 Eight U.S. servicemen die in Operation Eagle Claw as they attempt to end the Iran hostage crisis.
1990 STS-31: The Hubble Space Telescope is launched from the Space Shuttle Discovery.
1990 Gruinard Island, Scotland, is officially declared free of the anthrax disease after 48 years of quarantine.
1993 An IRA bomb devastates the Bishopsgate area of London.
1996 In the United States, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 is passed into law.
2004 The United States lifts economic sanctions imposed on Libya 18 years previously, as a reward for its cooperation in eliminating weapons of mass destruction.
2005 Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is inaugurated as the 265th Pope of the Catholic Church taking the name Pope Benedict XVI.
2013 A building collapses near Dhaka, Bangladesh, killing 1,129 people and injuring 2,500 others.
2013 Violence in Bachu County, Kashgar Prefecture, of China's Xinjiang results in death of 21 people.
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My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
404 BC Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
775 The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate. Muslim control over Transcaucasia is solidified and its Islamization begins, while several major Armenian nakharar families lose power and their remnants flee to the Byzantine Empire.
799 After mistreatment and disfigurement by the citizens of Rome, pope Leo III flees to the Frankish court of king Charlemagne at Paderborn for protection.
1134 The name Zagreb was mentioned for the first time in the Felician Charter relating to the establishment of the Zagreb Bishopric around 1094.
1607 Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
1644 The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.
1707 A coalition of England, the Netherlands and Portugal is defeated by a Franco-Spanish army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession.
1792 Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine.
1792 "La Marseillaise" (the French national anthem) is composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.
1804 The western Georgian kingdom of Imereti accepts the suzerainty of the Russian Empire
1829 Charles Fremantle arrives in HMS Challenger off the coast of modern-day Western Australia prior to declaring the Swan River Colony for the United Kingdom.
1846 Thornton Affair: Open conflict begins over the disputed border of Texas, triggering the MexicanAmerican War.
1849 The Governor General of Canada, Lord Elgin, signs the Rebellion Losses Bill, outraging Montreal's English population and triggering the Montreal Riots.
1859 British and French engineers break ground for the Suez Canal.
1862 American Civil War: Forces under U.S. Admiral David Farragut demand the surrender of the Confederate city of New Orleans, Louisiana.
1864 American Civil War: The Battle of Marks' Mills.
1882 French and Vietnamese troops clashed in Tonkin, when Commandant Henri Riviθre seized the citadel of Hanoi with a small force of marine infantry.
1898 SpanishAmerican War: The United States declares war on Spain.
1901 New York becomes the first U.S. state to require automobile license plates.
1915 World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli begins: The invasion of the Turkish Gallipoli Peninsula by British, French, Indian, Newfoundland, Australian and New Zealand troops, begins with landings at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles.
1916 Anzac Day is commemorated for the first time on the first anniversary of the landing at ANZAC Cove.
1920 At the San Remo conference, the principal Allied Powers of World War I adopt a resolution to determine the allocation of Class "A" League of Nations mandates for administration of the former Ottoman-ruled lands of the Middle East.
1938 U.S. Supreme Court delivers its opinion in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins and overturns a century of federal common law.
1940 Merkiπ, the flag of the Faroe Islands is approved by the British occupation government.
1944 The United Negro College Fund is incorporated.
1945 Elbe Day: United States and Soviet troops meet in Torgau along the River Elbe, cutting the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany in two.
1945 Liberation Day (Italy): The Nazi occupation army surrenders and leaves Northern Italy after a general partisan insurrection by the Italian resistance movement; the puppet fascist regime dissolves and Benito Mussolini is captured after trying to escape. This day was set as a public holiday to celebrate the Liberation of Italy.
1945 United Nations Conference on International Organization: Founding negotiations for the United Nations begin in San Francisco.
1945 The last German troops retreat from Finland's soil in Lapland, ending the Lapland War. Military acts of Second World War end in Finland.
1951 Korean War: Assaulting Chinese forces are forced to withdraw after heavy fighting with UN forces, primarily made up of Australian and Canadian troops, at the Battle of Kapyong.
1953 Francis Crick and James Watson publish "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" describing the double helix structure of DNA.
1954 The first practical solar cell is publicly demonstrated by Bell Telephone Laboratories.
1959 The Saint Lawrence Seaway, linking the North American Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, officially opens to shipping.
1960 The United States Navy submarine USS Triton completes the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe.
1961 Robert Noyce is granted a patent for an integrated circuit.
1972 Vietnam War: Nguyen Hue Offensive: The North Vietnamese 320th Division forces 5,000 South Vietnamese troops to retreat and traps about 2,500 others northwest of Kontum.
1974 Carnation Revolution: A leftist military coup in Portugal overthrows the authoritarian-conservative Estado Novo regime and establishes a democratic government.
1975 As North Vietnamese forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost ten years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam.
1981 More than 100 workers are exposed to radiation during repairs of at the Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant in Japan.
1982 Israel completes its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula per the Camp David Accords.
1983 Cold War: American schoolgirl Samantha Smith is invited to visit the Soviet Union by its leader Yuri Andropov after he read her letter in which she expressed fears about nuclear war.
1983 Pioneer 10 travels beyond Pluto's orbit.
1986 Mswati III is crowned King of Swaziland, succeeding his father Sobhuza II.
1988 In Israel, John Demjanjuk is sentenced to death for war crimes committed in World War II.
1990 Violeta Chamorro takes office as the President of Nicaragua, the first woman to hold the position.
2001 Michele Alboreto is killed while testing an Audi R8 at the Lausitzring in Germany.
2004 The March for Women's Lives brings between 500,000 and 800,000 protesters, mostly pro-choice, to Washington D.C. to protest the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003, and other restrictions on abortion.
2005 The final piece of the Obelisk of Axum is returned to Ethiopia after being stolen by the invading Italian army in 1937.
2005 Bulgaria and Romania sign accession treaties to join the European Union.
2007 Boris Yeltsin's funeral: The first to be sanctioned by the Russian Orthodox Church for a head of state since the funeral of Emperor Alexander III in 1894.
2015 Nearly 9,100 are killed after a massive 7.8 magnitude earthquake strikes Nepal.
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My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;