Candidates with municipal party affiliation suffered voter ‘punishment’ in 2025 Calgary election: Research
https://livewirecalgary.com/2026/03/...tion-research/
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Their work concluded that, in the patterns they observed, the party punishment effect grew rather than faded during Calgary’s 2025 municipal election, particularly among those citizens with anti-partisan values, and “compounded by hostility toward the government that introduced the reform.”
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