When you get into this legalese type of argument no one wins. JMO but changing a bulb is using the fixture as it was intended and by no means is a repair or alteration and there's not an inspector on the planet who would say otherwise. Unless of course it's the old elbow in the ribs, 'you know this needs a permit'
kind of comment.
Under this pretense I would need a permit to change the motherboard on my furnace? Trying to think of another obtuse example.
Again JMO amateur opinion. My electrical experience is limited to rewiring three houses complete with service connections/panels etc. on homeowners permits with the help of PS Knight. Never failed an inspection.