There's some strange ideas going on here.
The Canada and US tax rules are COMPLETELY different.
I honestly wouldn't be completely confident in betting on 50% direct similarities for both sides. The foundation on the tax rules that both countries are written are totally different. Canada taxes are also based on a concept called residence for tax purposes. It's also principles based vs rules based. It principle based can help to address tax avoidance based on intention rather than the written rule.
Canada has rules designed to grab taxes a bit earlier than the US and has implemented rules to reduce the ability to defer taxes in excess of certain time periods (so that they collect taxes more evenly over the life of an individual). The US often taxes at the beginning and end. This design helps many in the US to accumulate wealth as the bigger majority of taxes will occur upon death (ie: Estate tax). In both cases, the tax rules are supposed to be based on a concept that in the end, the government will fully tax certain incomes and increases in value of assets.
There's two main sets of income taxation. Personal tax which is essentially taxed on the cash basis (ie: Not taxed till received) and Corporate tax which is essentially taxed on the accrual basis.
Personal taxes have non-refundable tax credits and there are other items which are ground down and reduced if your income exceeds a threshold (ie: GST, OAS). Corporate taxes have things such as SBD, RDTOH, GRIP, SRED, CDA etc. They are very different.
Sometimes when looking at the whole transaction (ie: Income/earnings in a corporation flow through to the individual share holders) you need to know which of the two you're looking at.
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