The fairest way would be a per km charge based on vehicle weight, but that would mean having some way to monitor that, with all the privacy issues that go with it. You could reduce gas taxes so they are more of a straight carbon tax, and charge petrol vehicles the same way. Maybe every year you need to have your km read, like you need a smog check in some places.
We kind of stumbled into a fairly balanced system through fuel taxes, given larger vehicles consume more and pay more, but now we need a new system entirely.
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