Isn't the main thing that the constitution doesn't allow for any of this type of succession? So holding a referendum means nothing given there is no criteria or threshold set in terms of %, eligibility, etc. Thus Spain sees the vote as illegal and meaningless?
I'll draw an analogy to the referendums held in Donbass and Crimea as somewhat similar cases, where you had self-imposed referendums, but without a framework for the process or clear legitimacy to the vote, you can't really take it as a binding vote. You end up with all the "STAY" votes staying home because they don't take it seriously (or fear violence, or want to protest its legitimacy), and thus the vote results look like massive support for succession.
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