In terms of currency they could just continue to use the British Pound until there own currency is established. It would mean they wouldn't be able to set there own monetary policy but there is no reason they couldn't continue to use it.
Also if there is a yes vote I would assume England isn't going to be dicks about it and would still allow the scottish banks to borrow from the Bank of England at the prime rate until the Scottish bank is set up.
I think the transition of independance would take 5 to 10 years. Symbolically it would happen overnight and they would elect a government but England financial and foreign policy would control Scotland for the next decade slowly as powers are transferred over.
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