I like Salt Lake City. They have express lanes, that are HOV or Toll. If you are alone in your vehicle you can only use the lane when there is a tag up in your windshield. Cameras take a picture of the tag, and you get a monthly bill. If you have more than one person in the car you can use the lanes for free, no tag in the window. Price can be adjusted and posted on the board, for different days and times.
They are also set up like express lanes, so for a Calgary example
Deerfoot heading north,
If you got in the lane just after barlow, you would not be able to enter/exit until after Southland.
probably another one after Glenmore, until you pass the 17th off ramp.
Another from after memorial to before Mcknight
It creates congestion points at the Barlow, Glenmore and Memorial Interchanges, and Mcknight. Those four Interchanges would need major upgrades to the ramps. But the rest of the interchanges could largely be left alone.
