http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_sea
The
Red Sea (
Arabic البحر الأحمر al-Bahr al-Ahmar;
Hebrew ים סוף Yam Suf;
Tigrigna ቀይሕ ባሕሪ
QeyH baHri) is a
gulf or basin of the
Indian Ocean between
Africa and
Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the
Bab el Mandeb sound and the
Gulf of Aden. In the north is the
Sinai Peninsula, the
Gulf of Aqaba and the
Gulf of Suez (leading to the
Suez Canal). The sea is roughly 1,200
miles (1,900 km) long and at its widest is over 190 miles (300
km). The sea floor has a maximum depth of 8,200
feet (2,500 m) in the central median trench and an average depth of 1,640 feet (500 m), but it also has extensive shallow shelves, noted for their marine life and
corals. The sea has a surface area of roughly 174,000
square miles (450,000
km²). The sea is the habitat of over 1,000
invertebrate species and 200 soft and hard corals. The sea occupies a part of the
Great Rift Valley. The Red Sea is
the world's most northern tropical sea.
The name of the sea does not indicate the colour of the water. It may signify the seasonal blooms of the red-coloured
cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum near the water surface. Some suggest that it refers to the
mineral-rich red
mountains nearby which are called "הרי אדום" (
harei edom). Edom, meaning "ruddy complexion", is also an alternative
Hebrew name for the red-faced biblical character
Esau (brother of
Jacob), and the nation descended from him, the
Edomites, which in turn provides yet another possible origin for
Red Sea.
There is also speculation that the name Red Sea came from a mistranslation of what should have been the Reed Sea in the
Biblical story of
the Exodus. The
Sea of Reeds (in
Hebrew Yâm-Sûph) is often mistranslated as the "Red Sea".
One hypothesis is the name comes from the
Himarites, a local group whose own name means "red." Another theory favored by some modern scholars is the name "red" is referring to the direction "south," the same way the
Black Sea's name may refer to "north." The basis of this theory is that some Asiatic languages used color words to refer to points on the compass.