I wasn't going to post because this is off topic be here goes anyways.
"Sheol" is a Hebrew word meaning the grave or the place of the dead. The Jewish Old Testament doesn't spell out what happens after death. They go to "Sheol". Heaven and hell are doctrines fleshed out in the New Testament. Most of what we know is from what Jesus told us.
The New Testament is written in greek. Once or twice the New Testament quotes an Old Testament verse that has the word "Sheol" in it. When it does it uses the greek word "Hades". Hades of course is the place of the dead in greek mythology. Hades is translated as "hell" in our english bibles with one exception I can think of where it is translated "grave". In Luke 16 Jesus is talking about "hades".
"Gehenna" is the fire pit outside of Jerusalem where the garbage was burnt. It is thought to be a place of child sacrifice in ancient times. At the time of Christ both the Zoroastrians(a religious cult) and some extra-canonical Jewish literature had already used the word "Gehenna" to describe a place of punishment in the afterlife. Jesus borrowed the word like he borrowed the word "hades" to describe 2 different places in the after life. In english "gehenna" is always translated as "hell".
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