[Canada 02]

To understand how cells interpret the information locked within the genome much more needed to be learnt. This became the task of ENCODE, the Encyclopedia Of DNA Elements, the aim of which was to describe all functional elements encoded in the human genome. Nine years after launch, its main efforts culminate in the publication of 30 coordinated papers, 6 of which are in this issue of Nature.

Collectively, the papers describe 1,640 data sets generated across 147 different cell types. Among the many important results there is one that stands out above them all: more than 80% of the human genome's components have now been assigned at least one biochemical function.

When researchers first sequenced the human genome, they were astonished by how few traditional genes encoding proteins were scattered along those 3 billion DNA bases. Instead of the expected 100,000 or more genes, the initial analyses found about 35,000 and that number has since been whittled down to about 21,000. In between were megabases of “junk,” or so it seemed.
This week, 30 research papers, including six in Nature and additional papers published by Science, sound the death knell for the idea that our DNA is mostly littered with useless bases. A decadelong project, the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE), has found that 80% of the human genome serves some purpose, biochemically speaking.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal...l/489045a.html

http://www.nature.com/encode/

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6099/1159.full

http://www.genome.gov/10005107