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Old 10-20-2011, 02:15 PM   #1229
Canada 02
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Quote:
Originally Posted by photon View Post
Reminds me of one of my favourite quotations from Stephen J. Gould that non-scientists should learn.

In the American vernacular, "theory" often means "imperfect fact"--part of a hierarchy of confidence running downhill from fact to theory to hypothesis to guess.

...facts and theories are different things, not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing certainty. Facts are the world's data. Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts. Facts don't go away when scientists debate rival theories to explain them.

Moreover, "fact" doesn't mean "absolute certainty"; there ain't no such animal in an exciting and complex world. The final proofs of logic and mathematics flow deductively from stated premises and achieve certainty only because they are not about the empirical world. ...In science "fact" can only mean "confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional consent."




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