A lot of businesses make sales "under the table". They file a lot less than what they take in. If you ever go to a restaurant where they don't actually ring in your bill in the register, you'll know why.
Add to that all the trades and and service guys who will give you a discount if you "pay by cash", and you'll know those don't get reported in tax returns either.
So these issues along with all the ones already mentioned in this thread (students and non workers who file tax returns), and I'd have to conclude that this so called study is flawed at best IMO.
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