Substitutions are usually made for injury or tactical reasons. You get three per game and once you are subbed you're done for the night. If you're a sub who gets subbed - you've just been kicked in the nuts by your manager.
A team consists of 11 players on the field and 7 substitutes, as said above, three of which can be used.
The most common formation is usually a variation of the 4-4-2.
4 defenders (Left Back, 2 Central Defenders, Right Back)
4 Midfielders (Left, 2 Central Midfielders (one usually more defensive, the other attacking) and a Right)
2 Strikers - goal scorers typically though you will see guys like Emile Heskey whose role is more holding up the ball and bringing the midfielder into the attacking play or feeding through the other striker.
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