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Old 12-01-2010, 10:05 AM   #41
troutman
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potatoes

The potato is a starchy, tuberouscrop from the perennialSolanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family (also known as the nightshades). The word potato may refer to the plant itself as well as the edible tuber. In the region of the Andes, there are some other closely related cultivated potato species. First introduced outside the Andes region four centuries ago, today potatoes have become an integral part of much of the world's cuisine and are the world's fourth-largest food crop, following rice, wheat, and maize.[1] Long-term storage of potatoes requires specialised care in cold warehouses[2] and such warehouses are among the oldest and largest storage facilities for perishable goods in the world.[citation needed]

Wild potato species occur throughout the Americas, from the United States to Uruguay.[3] Today over 99% of all cultivated potatoes worldwide are descendants of a subspecies indigenous to south-central Chile.[4] Based on historical records, local agriculturalists, and DNA analyses, the most widely cultivated variety worldwide, Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum, is believed to be indigenous to the Chiloé Archipelago where it was cultivated as long as 10,000 years ago.[5][6] However, genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that all potatoes have a single origin in the area of southern Peru (from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex),[7] where potatoes were first domesticated between 3000 BC and 2000 BC.[8]

Introduced to Europe by Spain in 1536, the potato was subsequently conveyed by European mariners to territories and ports throughout the world. Thousands of varieties persist in the Andes, where over 100 cultivars might be found in a single valley, and a dozen or more might be maintained by a single agricultural household.[9]
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