The notion that the preamble to the Constitution was influenced by a Scottish school of philosophy is interesting. I have recently been pondering the truthfulness of that particular preamble in light of scriptures:
Are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness God given rights? That morphed into the larger question:
What would be included in a Christian bill of rights? I was actually asked to do a bible study a few weeks ago and was going to use those two questions as a spring board. I kind of whimped out though because I felt I didn't have enough time to adequately research the subject matter. The study I brought was related to the extent that a Christian's calling is to freely sacrifice our rights unto God. Much as Christ freely offered himself as a sacrifice we too are called to offer ourselves. And just as Christ's sacrifice was truely unto God but, in practice given unto undeserving men, so too are ours. Anyways you get the jist of it.
A question that has come up from time to time over the years is if the Baptists err in taking up arms against the Government of England. It was historically, in that Baptists up to that point were generally pacifists and seen fidelity to the laws and government as an obligation. They did however maintain soul liberty which in effect said that a Christians primary obligation was to God and that superseded both church and State.
Which leads me to what seems to be lacking in your book. I realize you have only shared a small portion of the book so maybe the author does acknowledge it but, the framers of the Constitution leaned heavily on Rhode Island's model of government which was influenced by tradition Baptist principles.
Firstly, I believe Thomas Jefferson and the others were motivated by what motivates all uprisings: Wealth and power. In their case they wanted to keep more of the former and saw taking power as the only way to ensure that they could. What set them apart is their vision for the future and their desire to safeguard the new republic from turning into just a carbon copy of what they were fighting to be rid of. This they accomplished through the Constitution. A document that Obama has rightly described as "a list of don'ts". It was designed to limit the federal government in order to protect both the newly minted States and individuals within those States.
The biggest problem Jefferson and others had was in how 13 separate colonies with different official state churches were going to come together as one force against England. Who was going to be the offical state church? They quickly realized that that issue alone could cause the federation to fracture before it got off the ground. The answer was found in Rhode Island; the only Baptist colony. Rhode Island alone allowed the free practice of all religions because of their belief in soul liberty. They were a Baptist colony because of the decree of the King who used the colonies as a place to deposit irregular Christian sects. Rhode Island also never had a church tax like most of the colonies did because of their belief in the separation of government and church. Rhode Island was the perfect model for the Constitutional framers to adopt because it eliminated the potentual power struggle between Colony churches. It should be noted that even after America became a free Nation that several of the colonies retained an official State church and it was only over time that the State constitutions were altered to eliminate the special status of these churches.
It also seems to me more likely that the emergence of a reliance upon scriptures rather than denominational dogma was also influenced by Baptists if not by them and many of the other irregular Christian sects. Look at a few of the Baptist declarations of Faith which predates the revolution. You will find both the principles of soul liberty and a reliance on scriptures as the final authority. Here is a link to a few good ones:
http://www.creeds.net/#baptist
The growth of both the Baptist denominations and others of that sprung up because of the freedom offered in America probably weakened peoples reliance on church dogma and caused them to redirect their trust to scriptures.