Exactly what Delthefunky said.
Vassili Zaitsev uses a bolt action rifle. His Mosin Nagant rifle does not use the gasses from the cartridge to cycle the action. He has to do it manually by pulling the bolt back, which extracts the cartridge, and then push a new bullet into the breech/chamber.
On all military weapons today, this is done "automatically" using the gasses, thus the term automatic/semi-automatic.
Edit:
This is a good simple animation of how the gasses work to push the bolt back:
http://science.howstuffworks.com/machine-gun7.htm
Click on the trigger and hold and it will go through the animation. Watch the barrel and the red/yellow gas and how it goes up into a gas tube, which pushes the bolt back.