I also worked at a bank. It's stale dated.
Talk to your employer that cut you the cheque. They should have record of what went into and out of their account, and should see that the cheque never came out of their account. If they're honorable, they should re-issue a cheque for the same amount.
A paycheque is still a cheque. A cheque is just a piece of paper. Banks will look it over as much as possible to make sure they aren't at fault for any issue. Human error can happen, but I wouldn't hope for it.
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