I have not read through every single post, but from what I can tell, no one has mentioned soils.
At the end of the day, our sustainability as a species (at the current population level) depends on our ability to produce food. Good quality soils are becoming harder and harder to come by; in many places in the world, existing good soils are getting degraded year after year. Moving from non-sustainable agriculture practices to sustainable ones is one of the biggest challenges (and currently a very underrated one by the public at large) our species' will face over the the next century.
We may see conflicts--particularly in the population bubbles of Asia--arising from the need to grab up more arable land for the mother country.
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