I'm not an expert on the subject, so if someone is, please correct me where I'm wrong, as a lot of this is assumptions.
Yes, if you have a lot of devices uses the wireless network, you can get some slowdown due to the signals interfering with each other. This would probably only be noticeable if you do a lot of heavy usage on multiple devices (streaming media, online games, downloads). How much of a slowdown, I'm not sure, but it might be negligible.
What you have to remember is all that traffic is going out a pipe much slower than the router. If you do a lot of traffic internally (e.g. streaming media, transferring files from one PC to another), then you might notice a slowdown with all the devices on the wireless network. On the other hand, if you are all just trying to get out on the Internet, your traffic will have to wait it's turn anyways, and the slowdown will be on the outgoing side, not the wireless network side.
It would be possible to set up two wireless routers on the same network. One would have to know a little bit about TCP/IP networking to do it, as most instructions online probably only show you a basic setup.
For the two routers to be of any use, you will need to make sure they use different wavelengths. Devices have a channel setting. There are about 10-11 overlapping channels available for use in North America. You will want to select 2 channels far away from each other to prevent interference.
Even better would be to have an 802.11g router (that operates in the 2.4 GHz range) paired with a 802.11n router (that operates in the 5.0 GHz range).
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