If we're going to say that Christianity has affected our morals and values (or their development), we need to find examples where our morals and values are different than most other (non-Christian) societies as a result of Christian teaching.
The Ten Commandments obviously doesn't satisfy this, because equivalents of all the relevant commandments would exist in every functioning society.
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I did find my compilation of readings from Poli 401... some specific ones to look up:
Leviticus 25: 21 (Basic Property Laws)
Deuteronomy 5 (Basic Conduct), 23, 24 (Lending, Usury Laws, etc.), 27 (Property Laws)
Psalm 15 (Perjury)
Mark 10 (Basic Conduct, Civil Code... not literal)
Acts 5 (Basic Financial conduct, basis for evasion... not literal, very contextual)
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Leviticus 25: 21
This does talk about property (farming practices in particular), but I'm not sure how relevant it is. Take a look:
http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/...25&version=31;
A lot of what it says is repeated in the verses below:
Deuteronomy 5
This has basically the same content as the Ten Commandments, and doesn't satisfy our problem for the same reason.
Deuteronomy 23
This begins by explaining who may not come to worship the lord. Eg. banned are people with deformities, illegitimate children (and their decendents), specific groups of people (non-Jewish), etc. Then it talks a bit about hygiene (eg. what to do when you poop), and a bit about slavery. I don't think any of that is particularly relevant - bias against the former groups would probably exist in many societies, and the rest is unremarkable.
Next, it talks about prostitutes. Western taboos against sex, prostitution, nudity, etc can probably be attributed in part to Judaism/Christianity.
Finally, it says that you may not charge interest if the person is Jewish. Interest is a pretty simple concept and I'm sure at least the concept of it would exist in most societies (including the in-group/out-group distinction).
Deuteronomy 24
A man can divorce his wife if he wants, but he may not remarry her. You can't take something essential for a person's livelihood as collateral. Death for kidnapping. Be careful if you get leprosy. Don't get collateral for a loan in a demeaning way. Don't be a dick to your servants. People (to be executed) are only responsible for their own actions (not their relatives). Finally, leave a bit for the poor.
Have any of these had an impact on our morals, today, in a way that is strikingly different from other societies? Divorce existed long before the Old Testament was written. In some more modern societies (like the pre-Christian Roman Empire) women could divorce also - sounds closer to what we have today. The collateral stuff sounds pretty obvious, and I don't think that when the bank comes knocking these days (or over history, for that matter), they care all that much about how extracting money from you might hurt your livelihood. Kidnapping would be generally condemned in all societies. The Code of Hammurabi, for example, mentions personal responsibility.
Most societies have some sense of financial welfare. Take a look at Buddhist writings which date back much further than the Old Testament as an example.
Psalm 15 aka "Thanks Captain Obvious"
Nice people don't lie, don't gossip, keep their promises, lend their money without interest, and don't accept bribes.
Mark 10
Don't divorce. God changed his mind in the years since Moses.
Give to the poor. First shall be the last, etc. (see: Buddhism, as one of many examples)
Acts 5
To look good, a couple (Ananias and Sappira) sold some land and said they would donate the money to the apostles. They lied about the amount they got for it, though. Doing that is bad. Lying is still bad.
There are a couple of other things which aren't relevant: Paul healing people as he walks by, and the Saudducees arresting some Christians and learning that by arresting them, they're messing with God (bad idea).
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So, I think that our taboos against sex, prostitution, nudity, etc could be seen as coming from Christianity, but I'm not sure that those taboos are even all that good. It brings to mind American television - tonnes of violence but at the sight of a boob, it's the end of the world.
Otherwise, it's hard to see anything unique coming from those verses. Christianity has obviously had an impact in other areas. Well, not Christianity itself, but institutions people made out of it - eg. the Church.
But the bible itself, and our morals and values? I definitely don't buy it so far.