Official Today in History Thread [Archive] - Calgarypuck Forums - The Unofficial Calgary Flames Fan Community

CaptainCrunch

12-07-2017, 03:23 PM

December 7th

574 - Emperor Justin II retires due to recurring seizures of insanity. He abdicates in favor of his General Tiberius and proclaims him Caesar.

1703 - The great storm hits southern Great Britain. winds gust to 120 mph and 9000 people die

1732 - The Royal Opera House opens in London

1787 - The State of Delaware is the first state to ratify the Constitution.

1842 - The first concert of the New York Philharmonic

1869 - Jesse James commits his first bank robbery in Gallatin, Missouri

1904 - Comparative fuel trials begin between warships HMS Spiteful and HMS Peteret. Spiteful is the first warship powered by fuel oil and the trials lead to the end of the use of coals in ships of the Royal Navy.

1917 - The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary

1930 - W1XAV in Boston telecasts the first television commercial in the United States during the show The Fox Trappers. The first ad is for IJ Fox Furriers.

1941 - The Imperial Japanese Navy carries out a surprise attack on the United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbour. The United States loses the Battleships Arizona, Oklahoma, West Virginia, California, Nevada, Pennsylvania. The Tennessee and Maryland were damaged but returned to duty.

4 battleship were sunk, four were damaged, 188 aircraft were destroyed, 2335 killed 1,142 wounded.

The Japanese attacked using 6 aircraft carriers 23 fleet submarines, 5 midget subs, 414 aircraft and accompanying support and escort ships.

1949 - The Government of the Republic of China moves from Nanking to Taipei, Taiwan.

1963 - Instant replay makes its debut during the Army-Navy game in Philadelphia. Young Ricky Ray is shown picking his nose in slow motion.

1972 - Apollo 17, the last moon landing is launched. They take the Blue Marble Photograph as they leave the Earth

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1982 - Charles Brooks Jr is executed in Texas and becomes the first person in the US to be executed by Lethal Injection

1987 - Mikail Gorbachev arrives in United States for a Summit with Ronald Reagan

1995 - Galileo arrives at Jupiter 6 years after its launch

1999 - A&M Records sues Napster alleging Copyright infringement

2003 - The Conservative Party of Canada is official registered following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the PC Party of Canada

2017 - Marriage Amendment Bill to recognize Same Sex Marriage passes in Australia.

puffnstuff

12-07-2017, 08:06 PM

The Ricky Ray digs amuse me greatly.

CaptainCrunch

12-07-2017, 09:26 PM

The Ricky Ray digs amuse me greatly.

Every time I see a football story I have to throw Ricky Ray in.

I almost threw a Captain Kirk in the Tiberius one.

CaptainCrunch

12-08-2017, 10:35 AM

December 8th

1660 - A woman appears on the English stage for the first time in the role of Desdemona in a production of Othello

1813 - Premiere of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony

1854 - In his Apostiolic constitution Deus Pope Pius IX programs the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception which holds that the Virgin Mary was conceived free of original sin

1912 - Leaders of the German Empire hold an Imperial War Council to discuss the possibility of war breaking out

1922 - Northern Ireland ceases to be a part of the Irish Free State

1941 - US President Franklin D Roosevelt declares that December 7 to be a date which lives in infamy, after which the US declares war on Japan

1941 - Japan simultaneously invades Shanghai, Malaya, Thailand, Hong Kong, The Philippines and the Dutch East indies simultaneous to the attack on Pearl Harbor.

1953 - President Eisenhower delivers his "atoms for Peace" speech which leads to an American program to supply equipment and information on nuclear power plants to schools, hospitals and research institutions around the world.

1871 - The Indian Navy attacks Karachi

1980 - John Lennon is murdered in New York City

1987 - The Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty is signed

1987 - A Israeli tank commander kills four Palestinian refugees and injures 7 others during a traffic accident on the Israel Gaza border which leads to the events that spark the First Intifada

1991 - The leaders of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine sign an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States

2010 - With the second launch of the SpaceX Falcon 9 and the first launch of the SpaceX Dragon, SpaceX becomes the first private company to successfull launch, orbit and recover a spacecraft

2010 - The Japanese solar-sail spacecraft IKAROS passes the planet Venus

Suzles

12-08-2017, 02:43 PM

If you are looking for a notable birthday you can include me!!!! 60 today!!

Sent from my LG-H873 using Tapatalk

CaptainCrunch

12-08-2017, 02:53 PM

https://media.giphy.com/media/IQF90tVlBIByw/200.gif

ClubFlames

12-08-2017, 03:02 PM

December 8th

1971 - The Indian Navy attacks Karachi

Fixed.

CaptainCrunch

12-10-2017, 09:36 PM

Sorry took yesterday off

Here's December 10th

1508 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1508) – The League of Cambrai (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai) is formed by Pope Julius II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Julius_II), Louis XII of France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France), Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor) and Ferdinand II of Aragon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon) as an alliance against Venice (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice). The expected showdown with Iron Man, Black Widow, Thor and the Hulk never happened, or might have happened but an Infinity Stone was used to erase it from history.

1520 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1520) – Martin Luther (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther) burns his copy of the papal bull (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_bull) Exsurge Domine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exsurge_Domine) outside Wittenberg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittenberg)'s Elster Gate.

1541 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1541) – Thomas Culpeper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Culpeper) and Francis Dereham (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Dereham) are executed for having affairs with Catherine Howard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Howard), Queen of England and wife of Henry VIII (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England).

1684 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1684) – Isaac Newton (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton)'s derivation of Kepler's laws (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws) from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper De motu corporum in gyrum (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_motu_corporum_in_gyrum), is read to the Royal Society (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society) by Edmond Halley (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Halley).
1817 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817) – Mississippi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi) becomes the 20th U.S. state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state).

1861 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): The Confederate States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America) accept a rival state government's pronouncement that declares Kentucky (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky) to be the 13th state of the Confederacy.
1864 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864) – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea): Major General William Tecumseh Sherman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman)'s Union Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Army) troops reach the outer Confederate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America) defenses of Savannah, Georgia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia).

1868 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868) – The first traffic lights (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_light) are installed, outside the Palace of Westminster (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster) in London. Resembling railway signals (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_signal), they use semaphore (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_semaphore_signal) arms and are illuminated at night by red and green gas lamps (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_lamp).
1884 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884) – Mark Twain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain)'s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn) is published.
1898 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898) – Spanish–American War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War): The Treaty of Paris (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)) is signed, officially ending the conflict.

1901 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901) – The first Nobel Prizes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize) are awarded.

1902 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902) – The opening of the reservoir of the Aswan Dam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswan_Low_Dam) in Egypt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt).

1906 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906) – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt) wins the Nobel Peace Prize (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize) for his role in the mediation of the Russo-Japanese War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War), becoming the first American to win a Nobel Prize.
1936 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936) – Abdication Crisis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdication_Crisis): Edward VIII (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VIII) signs the Instrument of Abdication (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_abdication.png).

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – World War II: The Royal Navy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy) capital ships HMS Prince of Wales (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(53)) and HMS Repulse (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(1916)) are sunk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_Prince_of_Wales_and_Repulse) by Imperial Japanese Navy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy) torpedo bombers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_bomber) near British Malaya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Malaya).

1941 – World War II: Battle of the Philippines (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Philippines_(1941-42)): Imperial Japanese (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japan) forces under the command of General Masaharu Homma (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaharu_Homma) land on Luzon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon).

1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948) – The Human Rights Convention (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights) is signed by the United Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations).

1949 – Chinese Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War): The People's Liberation Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army) begins its siege of Chengdu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu), the last Kuomintang (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuomintang)-held city in mainland China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_China), forcing President of the Republic of China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China) Chiang Kai-shek (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek) and his government to retreat to Taiwan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan).

1953 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953) – British (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom) Prime Minister Winston Churchill (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill) receives the Nobel Prize in literature (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_literature).

1963 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963) – Zanzibar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar) gains independence from the United Kingdom as a constitutional monarchy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy), under Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamshid_bin_Abdullah_of_Zanzibar).
1968 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968) – Japan's biggest heist, the still-unsolved "300 million yen robbery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300_million_yen_robbery)", is carried out in Tokyo.

1978 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978) – Arab–Israeli conflict (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict): Prime Minister of Israel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel) Menachem Begin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin) and President of Egypt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Egypt) Anwar Sadat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat) are jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize).
1983 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983) – Democracy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy) is restored in Argentina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina) with the inauguration of President Raúl Alfonsín (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn).

1984 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984) – United Nations General Assembly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly) recognizes the Convention against Torture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Torture).
1994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994) – Rwandan Genocide (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_Genocide): Maurice Baril (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Baril), military advisor to the U.N. Secretary-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations) and head of the Military Division of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Peacekeeping_Operations), recommends that UNAMIR (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNAMIR) stand down.
1996 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996) – The new Constitution of South Africa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa) is promulgated by Nelson Mandela (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela).

CaptainCrunch

12-10-2017, 09:38 PM

Sorry took yesterday off

Here's December 10th

1508 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1508) – The League of Cambrai (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai) is formed by Pope Julius II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Julius_II), Louis XII of France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France), Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor) and Ferdinand II of Aragon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon) as an alliance against Venice (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice). The expected showdown with Iron Man, Black Widow, Thor and the Hulk never happened, or might have happened but an Infinity Stone was used to erase it from history.

1520 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1520) – Martin Luther (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther) burns his copy of the papal bull (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_bull) Exsurge Domine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exsurge_Domine) outside Wittenberg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittenberg)'s Elster Gate.

1541 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1541) – Thomas Culpeper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Culpeper) and Francis Dereham (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Dereham) are executed for having affairs with Catherine Howard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Howard), Queen of England and wife of Henry VIII (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England).

1684 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1684) – Isaac Newton (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton)'s derivation of Kepler's laws (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws) from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper De motu corporum in gyrum (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_motu_corporum_in_gyrum), is read to the Royal Society (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society) by Edmond Halley (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Halley).

1817 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817) – Mississippi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi) becomes the 20th U.S. state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state).

1861 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): The Confederate States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America) accept a rival state government's pronouncement that declares Kentucky (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky) to be the 13th state of the Confederacy.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864)
1864 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864) – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea): Major General William Tecumseh Sherman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman)'s Union Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Army) troops reach the outer Confederate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America) defenses of Savannah, Georgia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia).

1868 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868) – The first traffic lights (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_light) are installed, outside the Palace of Westminster (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster) in London. Resembling railway signals (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_signal), they use semaphore (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_semaphore_signal) arms and are illuminated at night by red and green gas lamps (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_lamp).

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884)
1884 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884) – Mark Twain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain)'s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn) is published.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898)
1898 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898) – Spanish–American War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War): The Treaty of Paris (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)) is signed, officially ending the conflict.

1901 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901) – The first Nobel Prizes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize) are awarded.

1902 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902) – The opening of the reservoir of the Aswan Dam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswan_Low_Dam) in Egypt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt).

1906 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906) – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt) wins the Nobel Peace Prize (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize) for his role in the mediation of the Russo-Japanese War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War), becoming the first American to win a Nobel Prize.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936)
1936 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936) – Abdication Crisis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdication_Crisis): Edward VIII (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VIII) signs the Instrument of Abdication (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_abdication.png).

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – World War II: The Royal Navy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy) capital ships HMS Prince of Wales (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(53)) and HMS Repulse (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(1916)) are sunk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_Prince_of_Wales_and_Repulse) by Imperial Japanese Navy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy) torpedo bombers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_bomber) near British Malaya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Malaya).

1941 – World War II: Battle of the Philippines (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Philippines_(1941-42)): Imperial Japanese (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japan) forces under the command of General Masaharu Homma (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaharu_Homma) land on Luzon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon).

1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948) – The Human Rights Convention (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights) is signed by the United Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations).

1949 – Chinese Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War): The People's Liberation Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army) begins its siege of Chengdu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu), the last Kuomintang (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuomintang)-held city in mainland China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_China), forcing President of the Republic of China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China) Chiang Kai-shek (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek) and his government to retreat to Taiwan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan).

1953 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953) – British (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom) Prime Minister Winston Churchill (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill) receives the Nobel Prize in literature (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_literature).

1963 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963) – Zanzibar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar) gains independence from the United Kingdom as a constitutional monarchy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy), under Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamshid_bin_Abdullah_of_Zanzibar).

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968)
1968 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968) – Japan's biggest heist, the still-unsolved "300 million yen robbery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300_million_yen_robbery)", is carried out in Tokyo.

1978 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978) – Arab–Israeli conflict (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict): Prime Minister of Israel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel) Menachem Begin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin) and President of Egypt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Egypt) Anwar Sadat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat) are jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize).

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983)
1983 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983) – Democracy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy) is restored in Argentina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina) with the inauguration of President Raúl Alfonsín (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn).

1984 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984) – United Nations General Assembly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly) recognizes the Convention against Torture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Torture).

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994)
1994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994) – Rwandan Genocide (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_Genocide): Maurice Baril (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Baril), military advisor to the U.N. Secretary-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations) and head of the Military Division of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Peacekeeping_Operations), recommends that UNAMIR (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNAMIR) stand down.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996)
1996 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996) – The new Constitution of South Africa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa) is promulgated by Nelson Mandela (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela).

CaptainCrunch

12-11-2017, 04:37 PM

Dec 11

361- Julian enters Constantinople as sole Emperor of the roman Empire

861 - Assassination of the Abbasid caliph Al-Mitaswakkil by the Turkish Guard who raise Al-Muntasir to the throne. Start of the anrach at Samarra

1789 - The University of South Carolina is chartered

1792 - King Louis XVI of France is put on trial for treason

1815 - The US Senate creates a select committee on finance and a uniform national currency

1816 - Indian becomes the 19th US State

1905 - A workers uprising occurs in Kiev, Ukraine and establishes the Shulivaka Republic

1931 - Statute of Westminster: The British Parliament establishes legislative equality between the UK and the Dominions of the Commonwealth including Canada and Newfoundland

1934 - Bill Wilson co-founder of AA takes his last drink and enters treatment for the last time

1941 - Germany and Italy declare war on the United States following the American declaration of war on the Empire of Japan. The US declares war on Germany and Italy

1941 - Poland declares war on Japan

1941 - The Imperial Japanese Navy loses its first loss of surface vessels at Wake Island

1946 - UNICEF is established

1962 - Arthur Lucas convicted of murder is the last person executed in Canada

1972 - Apollo 17 lands on the moon and is the 6th and final manned mission to land on the moon

1978 - The Lufthansa heist is committed by a group lead by the Lucchese family associate Jimmy Burke, it is the largest cash robbery committed on American Soil at that time

1990 - Demonstrations by students and workers across Albania begin which triggers the downfall of communism in Albania.

1994 - Boris Yeltsin orders troops into Chechnya

1997 - The Kyoto Protocol opens for signature

2006 - The International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust is opened in Tehran, Iran by then president Mahmoud Ahmadineja

2006 - Mexican President Felipe Calderon launches a military led offensive to put down drug cartel violence in the state of Michoacan. This kicks off the Mexican Drug War

2008 - Bernie Madoff is arrested and charged with securities fraud in a $50 billion dollar Ponzi Scheme

CaptainCrunch

12-12-2017, 11:44 AM

December 12th

1098 - First Crusade: Siege of Ma'arrat al-Numan: Crusaders breach the town walls and massacre 20,000 inhabitants. After finding themselves with insufficient food they resort to cannibalism

1781 - Second Battle of Ushant, a British Fleet lead by HMS Victory defeats a French fleet during the American Revolutionary War

1787 - Pennsylvania becomes the second state to ratify the US Constitution

1862 - The USS Cairo sinks in the Yazoo River becoming the first armored ship to be sunk by a controlled mine

1870 - Joseph H Rainey of South Carolina becomes the second black us Congressman

1901 - Guglielmo Marconi receives the first transatlantic radio signal, the letter "S" on Morse Code at Signal Hill, Newfoundland

1925 - The Majilis of Iran votes to crown Reza Khan as the new Shah of Iran starting the Pahlavi dynasty. William Shatner is heard screaming "KHAAAAN" loudly and hamily

1935 - Henrich Himmler unveils the Lebensborn Project, a Nazi reproduction project

1937 - Japanese aircraft bomb and sink US Gunboat USS Panay on the Yangtze river in China

1939 - Battle of Tolvaharvi. finish Forces defeat those of the Soviet Union in their first major victor of the conflict

1941 - 54 Japanese Zero's rain Batangas Field, Philippines. Jesus Villamor and four fighter pilots fend them off

1941 - Adolf Hitler declares the imminent extremination of the Jews at a meeting in the Reich Chancellery

1942 - German Troops initial Operation Winter Storm in an attempt to relieve encircled Axis Forces at STalingrad

1979 - South Korean Army Majoor General Chun Doo-hwan orders the arrest of Army Chief of Staff Jeong Seung-Hwa without authorization from Presdient Choi- Kyu-ha alleging involvement in the assassination of ex-president Park Chung-hee

1991 - The Russian Federation gains independence from the USSR

2000 - The US Supreme Court releases its decision in Bush vs Gore

2012 - North Korea successfully launches its first satellite.

CaptainCrunch

12-13-2017, 02:54 PM

Dec 13

1294 - Saint Celestine V resigns as Pope to return to his previous life as an ascetic hermit

1545 - The Council of Trent begins

1577 - Sir Francis Drake sets sail from Plymouth England on his round the world voyage

1636 - The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized as the forming of the National Guard

1769 - Dartmouth College is founded by the Reverend Eleazar Wheelock with a royal charter from King George III

1862 - General Robert E Lee defeats Union Major General Ambrose Burnside at the Battle of Frederickburg

1937 - The Japanese defeat General Tang Shengzhi at the city of Nanking. The Japanese would would become responsible for the rape and murder of thousands during the Nanking Massacre

1938 - The Neuengamme concentration camp opens in Hamburg Germany

1939 - German Captain Hans Langsdorff of the Pocket Cruiser Admiral Graf Spee engages with the Royal Navy cruisers Exeter and Ajax and the HMNZS Achilles

1943 - The Massacre of Kalavytra by German forces occupying Greece

1949 - The Knesset votes to move the Capital of Israel to Jerusalem

1960 - When Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia visits Brazil his imperial bodyguard seizes the capital and declares his son Crown Prince Asfa Wossen Emperor

1962 - Nasa launches Relay 1 the first active repeater communications satallite

1972 - Eugene Carman and Harrison Schmitt begin their third and final moonwalk from the Apollo 17. They are the last humans to set foot on the Moon.

1988 - Yasser Arafat gives a speech at a UN General Assembly meeting in Geneva after US authorities refuse to grant him a Visa to visit the UN in New York

2003 - Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is captured near Tikrit

undercoverbrother

12-14-2017, 12:53 PM

Dec 14:

Capt. Paul Triquet Wins VC

http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/gal/vcg-gcv/bio/triquet-p-eng.asp

For determined leadership and example.

The capture of the key road junction on the main Ortona-Orsogna lateral was entirely dependent on securing the hamlet of Casa Berardi. Both this and a gully in front of it had been turned by the Germans into formidable strong points defended by infantry and tanks.

On 14th December, 1943, Captain Triquet’s company of the Royal 22e Regiment with the support of a squadron of a Canadian Armoured Regiment was given the task of crossing the gully and securing Casa Berardi. Difficulties were encountered from the outset. The gully was held in strength and on approaching it the force came under extremely heavy fire from machine guns and mortars. All the company officers and 50 per cent of the men were killed or wounded. Showing superb contempt for the enemy Captain Triquet went round reorganizing the remainder and encouraging them with the words ‘Never mind them, they can’t shoot’. Finally when enemy infiltration was observed on all sides shouting ‘There are enemy in front of us, behind us and on our flanks, there is only one safe place – that is on the objective’ he dashed forward and with his men following him, broke through the enemy resistance. In this action four tanks were destroyed and several enemy machine gun posts silenced.

Against the most bitter and determined defence and under heavy fire Captain Triquet and his company, in close co-operation with the tanks forced their way on until a position was reached on the outskirts of Casa Berardi. By this time the strength of the company was reduced to 2 sergeants and 15 men. In expectation of a counter-attack Captain Triquet at once set about organizing his handful of men into a defensive perimeter around the remaining tanks and passed the ‘mot d’ordre. Ils ne passeront pas’.

A fierce German counter-attack supported by tanks developed almost immediately. Captain Triquet, ignoring the heavy fire, was everywhere encouraging his men and directing the defence and by using whatever weapons were to hand personally accounted for several of the enemy. This and subsequent attacks were beaten off with heavy losses and Captain Triquet and his small force held out against overwhelming odds until the remainder of the battalion took Casa Berardi and relieved them the next day.

Throughout the whole of this engagement Captain Triquet showed the most magnificent courage and cheerfulness under heavy fire. Wherever the action was hottest he was to be seen shouting encouragement to his men and organizing the defence. His utter disregard of danger, his cheerfulness and tireless devotion to duty were a constant source of inspiration to them. His tactical skill and superb leadership enabled them, although reduced by casualties to a mere handful, to continue their advance against bitter resistance and to hold their gains against determined counter-attacks. It was due to him that Casa Berardi was captured and the way opened for the attack on the vital road junction.”

(London Gazette, no.36408, 6 March 1944)

CaptainCrunch

12-14-2017, 01:11 PM

December 14th

557 - Constantinople is severely damaged by an Earth Quake

835 - The Sweet Dew Incident: emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty conspires to kill the powerful eunuchs of the Tang Court but the plot fails

1542 - Princess Mary Stuart becomes Mary, Queen of Scotts

1782 - The Montgolfier brothers first test fly an unmanned balloon in France, it travels 2 kms

1812 - The French invasion of Russia comes to an end as the remnants of the Grande Armee are expelled from Russia

1814 - The Royal Navy seizes control of Lake Borne Louisiana

1819 - Alabama becomes the 22nd State: Go BAMA ROLL TIDE

1902 - The Commercial Pacific Cable Company lays the first Pacific telegraph cable from San Francisco to Honolulu

1903 - The Wright brothers make their first flight attempt using ghe Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

1911- Roald Amundsen's team becomes the first to reach the South Pole

1913 - Haruna the fourth and last Kongo class ship launches

1939 - The Soviet Union is expelled from the League of Nations for invading Finland

1940 - Plutonium (specifically PU-238) is isolated at Berkeley California

1955 - Albania, Austria, Cambodia, Cylon, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Laos, Libya, Nepal, Portugal, Romania and Spain join the US through UNSC Resolution 109

1958 - The 3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition becomes the first to reach the southern pole of inaccessibility

1962 - Mariner 2 becomes the first spacecraft to fly by Venus

1972 - Eugene Ceman of the Apollo 17 mission becomes the last man to walk on the moon

1981 - Israel's Knessent ratifies the Golan Heights Law, extending Israeli law to the Golan Heights

1995 - The Dayton Agreement ins signed by the leaders of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

2008 - Muntadhar Al-Zaidi throws his shoes at President George W Bush

2012 - 28 people including the gunman are killed at Sandy Hook Elementary School.

pseudoreality

12-14-2017, 01:16 PM

December 14th

1955 - Albania, Austria, Cambodia, Cylon, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Laos, Libya, Nepal, Portugal, Romania and Spain join the US through UNSC Resolution 109

I had no idea all those countries joined the US over 60 years ago! I still think of them as being their own countries.

CaptainCrunch

12-14-2017, 01:18 PM

booo me, UN

CaptainCrunch

12-15-2017, 03:45 PM

December 15

1161 - Military officers conspire against the Emperor Wanyan Liang of the Jin dynasty after a defeat at the Battle of Caishi, they assasinate him at his camp

1178 - British and French fleets clash at the Battle of Saint Lucia during the American Revolutionary War

1791 - The United States Bill of Whites becomes Law when ratified by the Virginia General Assembly

1864 - The Army of the Cumberland finishes the Army of Tennessee during the battle of Nashville

1890 Hunkpapa Lakota leader Sitting Bull is killed on Standing Rick Indian Reservation leading to the Wounded Knee Massacre

1914 - The Serbian Army recaptures Belgrade from the Invading Austro-Hungarian Army

1917 - An armistice between Russian and the Central Powers is signed

1933 - The Twenty-first Amendment of the US Constitution officially becomes effective, repealing the Eighteenth Amendment that prohibited the sale, manufacture and transportation of Alcohol

1939 - Gone with the Wind receives its premiere at Loew's Grand Theater in Atlanta, Georgia

1941 - German troops murder 15,000 Jews at Drobytsky Yar

1942 - The battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horses and the Sea Horse begin during the Guadalcanal Campaign

1945 - General MacArthur orders that Shinto be abolished as the state religion of Japan

1961 - Adolf Eichmann is sentence to death after being found goilty by an Israeli Court of 16 criminal charges including crimes against humanity

1965 - Gemini 6a crewed by Wally Schirra and Thomas Stafford is launched from Cape Kennedy. Four orbits later it successfully achieves the first space rendezvous with Gemini 8

1970 - Soviet Spacecraft Venera 7 lands on Venus, it is the first successful soft landing on another planet

1972 - The American Psychiatric Association votes 130-1 to remove homosexuality from its official list of psychiatric disorders

1978 - Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will recognize the Perople's Republic of China and sever diplomatic relations with Taiwan

1981 - A suicide car bombing targets the Iraqi embassy in Beirut, 61 people including the Iraqi Ambassador to Lebanon are killed. The attack is considered the first modern suicide bombing

2000 - The third reactor at Chernobyl is shut down

2005 - the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor enters US active service, with a fly over of Awesome town

#-3

12-15-2017, 05:24 PM

December 15
1178 - British and French fleets clash at the Battle of Saint Lucia during the American Revolutionary War

WOW! didn't think the war started that early.

sarcasm aside, fun thread to scroll through.

puffnstuff

12-16-2017, 07:39 AM

December 15

1791 - The United States Bill of Whites becomes Law when ratified by the Virginia General Assembly

The Bill of Whites? :eek:

#-3

12-16-2017, 11:30 AM

The Bill of Whites? :eek:

Sounds about right for Virginia

CaptainCrunch

12-16-2017, 06:48 PM

Dec 16th

1431 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1431) – Hundred Years' War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War): Henry VI of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England) is crowned King of France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_France) at Notre Dame (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris) in Paris.

1653 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1653) – English Interregnum (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interregnum_(England)): The Protectorate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protectorate): Oliver Cromwell (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell) becomes Lord Protector (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Protector) of the Commonwealth of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England), Scotland and Ireland.

1773 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773) – American Revolution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution): Boston Tea Party (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party): Members of the Sons of Liberty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty) disguised as Mohawk Indians (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohawk_people) dump hundreds of crates of tea into Boston (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston) harbor as a protest against the Tea Act (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Act).

1850 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850) – The Charlotte Jane (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Jane) and the Randolph (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randolph_(ship)) bring the first of the Canterbury Pilgrims (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury_Association) to Lyttelton, New Zealand (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand).

1863 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): Joseph E. Johnston (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston) replaces Braxton Bragg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braxton_Bragg) as commander of the Confederate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army) Army of Tennessee (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_Tennessee).

1864 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864) – American Civil War: Battle of Nashville (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nashville): Major General George Thomas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Henry_Thomas)'s Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)) forces defeat Lieutenant General John Bell Hood (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bell_Hood)'s Confederate Army of Tennessee (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_Tennessee).

1880 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880) – Outbreak of the First Boer War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Boer_War) between the Boer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boer) South African Republic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Republic) and the British Empire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire).

903 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903) – Taj Mahal Palace & Tower (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel) hotel in Bombay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai) first opens its doors to guests.

1907 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907) – The American Great White Fleet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_White_Fleet) begins its circumnavigation of the world.

1937 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937) – Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Cole_and_Ralph_Roe) attempt to escape from the American federal prison on Alcatraz Island (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatraz_Island) in San Francisco Bay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay); neither is ever seen again.

1938 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938) – Adolf Hitler (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler) institutes the Cross of Honour of the German Mother (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_of_Honour_of_the_German_Mother).

1942 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942) – The Holocaust (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust): Schutzstaffel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel) chief Heinrich Himmler (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler) orders that Roma (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people) candidates for extermination be deported to Auschwitz (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp).

1944 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944) – World War II: The Battle of the Bulge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge) begins with the surprise offensive of three German armies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)) through the Ardennes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardennes) forest.

1950 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950) – Korean War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War): U.S. President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) Harry S. Truman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman) declares a state of emergency, after Chinese troops enter the fight in support of communist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism) North Korea (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea).

1965 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965) – Vietnam War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War): General William Westmoreland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Westmoreland) sends U.S. Secretary of Defense (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense) Robert McNamara (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara) a request for 243,000 more men by the end of 1966 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966).

1978 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978) – Cleveland, Ohio (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio) becomes the first major American city to default on its financial obligations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Public_Power) since the Great Depression (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression).

1979 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979) – Libya joins four other OPEC nations in raising crude oil prices (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_energy_crisis), which has an immediate, dramatic effect on the United States

1985 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985) – Paul Castellano (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Castellano) and Thomas Bilotti (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bilotti) are shot dead on the orders of John Gotti (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gotti), who assumes leadership of New York's Gambino crime family (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambino_crime_family).

1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991) – Kazakhstan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan) declares independence from the Soviet Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union).

CaptainCrunch

12-17-2017, 09:25 PM

Dec 17546 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/546) – Siege of Rome (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(546)): The Ostrogoths (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrogoths) under king Totila (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totila) plunder the city, by bribing the Byzantine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) garrison.

1538 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1538) – Pope Paul III (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_III) excommunicates Henry VIII of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England).

1777 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1777) – American Revolution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution): France formally recognizes the United States.

1790 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1790) – Discovery of the Aztec calendar stone (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_calendar_stone).

1835 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1835) – The second Great Fire of New York (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_New_York) destroys 50 acres (200,000 square meters) of New York City's Financial District (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan).

1892 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892) – First issue of Vogue (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) is published.

1896 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896) – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh) Schenley Park Casino (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schenley_Park_Casino), which was the first multi-purpose arena (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arena) with the technology to create an artificial ice surface in North America, is destroyed in a fire.

1903 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903) – The Wright brothers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers) make the first controlled powered, heavier-than-air flight in the Wright Flyer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_Flyer) at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitty_Hawk,_North_Carolina).

1935 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935) – First flight of the Douglas DC-3 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-3).

1938 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938) – Otto Hahn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn) discovers the nuclear fission (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission) of the heavy element uranium, the scientific and technological basis of nuclear energy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power).

1939 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): Battle of the River Plate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Plate): The Admiral Graf Spee (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_cruiser_Admiral_Graf_Spee) is scuttled by Captain Hans Langsdorff (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Langsdorff) outside Montevideo (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montevideo).

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – World War II: Japanese forces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army) land in Northern Borneo (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo).

1943 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943) – All Chinese are again permitted to become citizens of the United States upon the repeal of the Act of 1882 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act) and the introduction of the Magnuson Act (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnuson_Act).

1944 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944) – World War II: Battle of the Bulge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge): Malmedy massacre (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malmedy_massacre): American 285th Field Artillery Observation Battalion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/285th_Field_Artillery_Observation_Battalion) POWs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_of_war) are shot by Waffen-SS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffen-SS) Kampfgruppe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampfgruppe) Joachim Peiper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Peiper).

1947 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947) – First flight of the Boeing B-47 Stratojet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet) strategic bomber (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_bomber).

1950 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950) – The F-86 Sabre (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre)'s first mission over Korea.

1957 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957) – The United States successfully launches the first Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM-65_Atlas) at Cape Canaveral, Florida (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral,_Florida).

1960 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960) – Troops loyal to Emperor Haile Selassie (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haile_Selassie) in Ethiopia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia) crush the coup (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Ethiopian_coup_attempt) that began December 13 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_13), returning power to their leader upon his return from Brazil. Haile Selassie absolves his son of any guilt.

1969 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969) – Project Blue Book (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Blue_Book): The United States Air Force closes its study of UFOs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidentified_flying_object).

1989 – The Simpsons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons) first premieres on television with the episode "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpsons_Roasting_on_an_Open_Fire)".

2003 – SpaceShipOne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceShipOne), piloted by Brian Binnie (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Binnie), makes its first powered and first supersonic flight (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceShipOne_flight_11P)

2010 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010) – Mohamed Bouazizi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Bouazizi) sets himself on fire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-immolation). This act became the catalyst for the Tunisian Revolution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_Revolution) and the wider Arab Spring (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring).

2014 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014) – The United States and Cuba re-establish diplomatic relations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_relations) after severing them in 1960.

CaptainCrunch

12-18-2017, 03:24 PM

Dec 18th

218 BC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/218_BC) – Second Punic War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Punic_War): Battle of the Trebia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trebia) – Hannibal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal)'s Carthaginian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage) forces defeat those of the Roman Republic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic).

1271 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1271) – Kublai Khan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kublai_Khan) renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) of Mongolia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia) and China.

1655 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1655) – The Whitehall Conference (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehall_Conference) ends with the determination that there was no law preventing Jews from re-entering England after the Edict of Expulsion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Expulsion) of 1290.

1777 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1777) – The United States celebrates its first Thanksgiving (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving), marking the recent victory by the American rebels over British General John Burgoyne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burgoyne) at Saratoga (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga) in October.

1787 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1787) – New Jersey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey) becomes the third state to ratify the U.S. Constitution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution).

1865 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1865) – US Secretary of State William Seward (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Seward) proclaims the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitu tion), prohibiting slavery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States) throughout the USA.

1892 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892) – Premiere performance of The Nutcracker (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nutcracker) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky) in Saint Petersburg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg), Russia.

1898 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898) – Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_de_Chasseloup-Laubat) sets the first officially recognized land speed record (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_speed_record) of 39.245 mph (63.159 km/h) in a Jeantaud (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeantaud) electric car.

1916 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916) – World War I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I): The Battle of Verdun (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun) ends when German forces under Chief of staff (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_staff) Erich von Falkenhayn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_von_Falkenhayn) are defeated by the French, and suffer 337,000 casualties.

1917 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917) – The resolution containing the language of the Eighteenth Amendment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitu tion) to enact Prohibition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States) is passed by the United States Congress (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress)

1932 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932) – The Chicago Bears (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Bears) defeat the Portsmouth Spartans (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouth_Spartans) in the first NFL Championship Game (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_NFL_Playoff_Game). Quarterback Ricky Ray goes 29 of 42 for 150 yards and 2 touchdowns in a losing effort

1939 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): The Battle of the Heligoland Bight (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Heligoland_Bight_(1939)), the first major air battle of the war, takes place

1944 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944) – World War II: Seventy-seven B-29 Superfortress (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress) and 200 other aircraft of U.S. Fourteenth Air Force (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Air_Force) bomb Hankow, China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hankou), a Japanese supply base.

1958 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958) – Project SCORE (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCORE_(satellite)), the world's first communications satellite (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite), is launched.

1966 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966) – Saturn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn)'s moon Epimetheus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epimetheus_(moon)) is discovered by astronomer Richard Walker.

1972 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972) – Vietnam War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War): President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) Richard Nixon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon) announces that the United States will engage North Vietnam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Vietnam) in Operation Linebacker II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Linebacker_II), a series of Christmas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas) bombings, after peace talks collapsed with North Vietnam on the 13th.

1973 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973) – Soviet Soyuz Programme (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_programme): Soyuz 13 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_13), crewed by cosmonauts (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cosmonauts) Valentin Lebedev (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Lebedev) and Pyotr Klimuk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Klimuk), is launched from Baikonur (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur) in the Soviet Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union).

1981 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981) – First flight of the Russian heavy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_bomber) strategic bomber (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_bomber) Tu-160 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160), the world's largest combat aircraft (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_aircraft), largest supersonic aircraft (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_aircraft) and largest variable-sweep wing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-sweep_wing) aircraft built.

1999 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999) – NASA (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA) launches into orbit the Terra (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_(satellite)) platform carrying five Earth Observation instruments, including ASTER (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Spaceborne_Thermal_Emission_and_Reflectio n_Radiometer), CERES (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clouds_and_the_Earth%27s_Radiant_Energy_System), MISR (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-angle_Imaging_SpectroRadiometer), MODIS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderate-Resolution_Imaging_Spectroradiometer) and MOPITT (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOPITT).

2002 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002) – California gubernatorial recall (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_gubernatorial_recall_election): Then Governor of California (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_California) Gray Davis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Davis) announces that the state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California) would face a record budget deficit (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_budget_balance) of $ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar)35 billion, roughly double the figure reported during his reelection campaign one month earlier.

2006 – United Arab Emirates (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) holds its first-ever elections (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_parliamentary_election,_2006) .

undercoverbrother

12-19-2017, 12:14 PM

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/John_Robert_Osborn.png

At Hong Kong on the morning of 19th December 1941 a Company of the Winnipeg Grenadiers to which Company Sergeant-Major Osborn belonged became divided during an attack on Mount Butler, a hill rising steeply above sea level. A part of the Company led by Company Sergeant-Major Osborn captured the hill at the point of the bayonet and held it for three hours when, owing to the superior numbers of the enemy and to fire from an unprotected flank, the position became untenable. Company Sergeant-Major Osborn and a small group covered the withdrawal and when their turn came to fall back, Osborn single-handed engaged the enemy while the remainder successfully rejoined the Company. Company Sergeant-Major Osborn had to run the gauntlet of heavy rifle and machine gun fire. With no consideration for his own safety he assisted and directed stragglers to the new Company position exposing himself to heavy enemy fire to cover their retirement. Whenever danger threatened he was there to encourage his men.

During the afternoon the Company was cut off from the Battalion and completely surrounded by the enemy who were able to approach to within grenade throwing distance of the slight depression which the Company was holding. Several enemy grenades were thrown which Company Sergeant-Major Osborn picked up and threw back. The enemy threw a grenade which landed in a position where it was impossible to pick it up and return it in time. Shouting a warning to his comrades this gallant Warrant Officer threw himself on the grenade which exploded killing him instantly. His self-sacrifice undoubtedly saved the lives of many others.

Company Sergeant-Major Osborn was an inspiring example to all throughout the defence which he assisted so magnificently in maintaining against an overwhelming enemy force for over eight and a half hours and in his death he displayed the highest quality of heroism and self-sacrifice.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robert_Osborn

He was 42 years old.

CaptainCrunch

12-20-2017, 03:25 PM

Dec 20th

AD 69 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_69) – Vespasian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasian), formerly a general under Nero (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero), enters Rome (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome) to claim the title of Emperor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor).

217 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/217) – Callixtus I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I) is elected as the sixteenth pope (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope), although Hippolytus of Rome (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome) is soon thereafter elected as a rival pope (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope).

1606 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1606) – The Virginia Company (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Company) loads three ships with settlers and sets sail to establish Jamestown, Virginia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia), the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.

1803 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1803) – The Louisiana Purchase (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase) is completed at a ceremony in New Orleans (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans).

1860 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860) – South Carolina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina) becomes the first state to attempt to secede (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secession) from the United States

1915 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915) – World War I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I): The last Australian troops are evacuated from Gallipoli (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign).

1917 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917) – Cheka (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheka), the first Soviet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union) secret police force, is founded.

1924 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924) – Adolf Hitler (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler) is released from Landsberg Prison (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsberg_Prison).

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): First battle of the American Volunteer Group (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Volunteer_Group), better known as the "Flying Tigers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Tigers)" in Kunming (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunming), China.

1946 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946) – The popular Christmas film It's a Wonderful Life (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life) is first released in New York City.

1951 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951) – The EBR-1 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_I) in Arco, Idaho (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arco,_Idaho) becomes the first nuclear power plant (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power) to generate electricity. The electricity powered four light bulbs.

1957 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957) – The initial production version of the Boeing 707 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_707) makes its first flight.

1968 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968) – The Zodiac Killer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiac_Killer) kills Betty Lou Jenson and David Faraday in Vallejo, California (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallejo,_California).

1989 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989) – The United States invasion of Panama (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama) deposes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(politics)) Manuel Noriega (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Noriega).

1995 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995) – NATO (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO) begins peacekeeping in Bosnia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina).

2004 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004) – A gang of thieves steal £26.5 million (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Bank_robbery) worth of currency from the Donegall Square (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donegall_Square) West headquarters of Northern Bank (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Bank) in Belfast (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast), Northern Ireland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland), United Kingdom, one of the largest bank robberies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_robbery) in British history.

2013 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013) – China successfully launches (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration) the Bolivian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia) Túpac Katari 1 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Katari_1) from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center).

undercoverbrother

12-20-2017, 04:58 PM

Dec 20th

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): First battle of the American Volunteer Group (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Volunteer_Group), better known as the "Flying Tigers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Tigers)" in Kunming (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunming), China.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baa_Baa_Black_Sheep_(TV_series)

3pvzA6-tSqE

I love this show growing up.

OMG!WTF!

12-21-2017, 08:00 AM

Just wanted to be the first to wish everyone a happy Global Orgasm Day...

http://www.globalorgasm.org/

Not sure there's a lot of history here. Some interesting stats though...

On each and every day in 2013
the men and women of earth had over 2.5 billion orgasms.

That’s over 100 million

orgasms per hour, every hour.

1.5 million per minute

Peace!

undercoverbrother

12-21-2017, 02:55 PM

Dec, 21, 1883

Royal Canadian Regiment is formed.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Canadian_Regiment

Congrats Chicken ####ers

CaptainCrunch

12-21-2017, 03:14 PM

Dec 21

1620 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1620) – Plymouth Colony (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Colony): William Bradford (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_(Plymouth_Colony_governor)) and the Mayflower (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower) Pilgrims (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrim_Fathers) land on what is now known as Plymouth Rock (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Rock) in Plymouth, Massachusetts (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts).

1826 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1826) – American settlers in Nacogdoches (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacogdoches,_Texas), Mexican Texas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Texas), declare their independence, starting the Fredonian Rebellion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredonian_Rebellion).

1861 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861) – Medal of Honor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_of_Honor): Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) Abraham Lincoln (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln).

1883 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883) – The Royal Canadian Dragoons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Canadian_Dragoons) and The Royal Canadian Regiment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Canadian_Regiment), the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Army), are formed.

1913 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913) – Arthur Wynne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Wynne)'s "word-cross", the first crossword (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossword) puzzle, is published in the New York World (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_World).

1936 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936) – First flight of the Junkers Ju 88 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junkers_Ju_88) multi-role combat aircraft.

1937 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937) – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_(1937_film)), the world's first full-length animated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation) feature, premieres at the Carthay Circle Theatre (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthay_Circle_Theatre).

1963 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963) – "Bloody Christmas" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1963)) begins in Cyprus, ultimately resulting in the displacement of 25,000-30,000 Turkish Cypriots (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots) and destruction of more than 100 villages.

1967 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967) – Louis Washkansky (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Washkansky), the first man to undergo a human-to-human heart transplant (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_transplantation), dies in Cape Town (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town), South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant

1968 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968) – Apollo program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program): Apollo 8 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_8) is launched from the Kennedy Space Center (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center), placing its crew on a lunar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon) trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.

1970 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970) – First flight of F-14 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat) multi-role combat aircraft. They proceed to do a flyby of the tower while the lead Pilot Pete "Maverick" Mitchell does a fly by of the Admiral's daughter later that night

1988 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988) – A bomb explodes on board Pan Am Flight 103 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103) over Lockerbie (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockerbie), Dumfries and Galloway (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumfries_and_Galloway), Scotland, killing 270. This is to date the deadliest air disaster to occur in British soil.

1988 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988) – The first flight of Antonov An-225 Mriya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonov_An-225_Mriya), the largest aircraft in the world.

1995 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995) – The city of Bethlehem (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehem) passes from Israeli (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) to Palestinian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority) control.

2012 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012) – 2012 phenomenon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_phenomenon): This day was regarded as the end-date of a 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar), leading to widespread expectations of cataclysmic event.

CaptainCrunch

12-22-2017, 02:20 PM

December 22nd

AD 69 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_69) – Emperor Vitellius (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitellius) is captured and murdered at the Gemonian stairs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemonian_stairs) in Rome (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome).

609 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/609) – Muhammad (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad) claims to receive his first revelation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahy).

856 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/856) – Damghan earthquake (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/856_Damghan_earthquake): An earthquake near the Persian city of Damghan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damghan) kills an estimated 200,000 people, the sixth deadliest earthquake in recorded history.

1216 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1216) – Pope Honorius III (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Honorius_III) approves the Dominican Order (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Order) through the papal bull of confirmation Religiosam vitam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religiosam_vitam).

1788 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788) – Nguyễn Huệ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Hu%E1%BB%87) proclaims himself Emperor Quang Trung, in effect abolishing on his own the Lê dynasty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty).

1807 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1807) – The Embargo Act (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embargo_Act_of_1807), forbidding trade with all foreign countries, is passed by the U.S. Congress (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress), at the urging of President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) Thomas Jefferson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson).

808 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1808) – Ludwig van Beethoven (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven) conducts and performs in concert at the Theater an der Wien (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theater_an_der_Wien), Vienna, with the premiere of his Fifth Symphony (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)), Sixth Symphony (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Beethoven)), Fourth Piano Concerto (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._4_(Beethoven)) (performed by Beethoven himself) and Choral Fantasy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choral_Fantasy_(Beethoven)) (with Beethoven at the piano).

1864 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864) – Savannah, Georgia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia) falls to the forces of General Sherman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman).

1891 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1891) – Asteroid 323 Brucia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/323_Brucia) becomes the first asteroid discovered using photography.

1937 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937) – The Lincoln Tunnel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel) opens to traffic in New York City.

1942 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942) – World War II: Adolf Hitler (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler) signs the order to develop the V-2 rocket (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket) as a weapon.

1944 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944) – World War II: Battle of the Bulge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge): German (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany) troops demand the surrender of United States troops at Bastogne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastogne), Belgium, prompting the famous one word reply by General Anthony McAuliffe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_McAuliffe): "Nuts!"

1944 – World War II: The Vietnam People's Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Army) is formed to resist Japanese occupation of Indochina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina), now Vietnam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam).

1964 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964) – The first test flight of the SR-71 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird) (Blackbird) took place at Air Force Plant 42 in Palmdale, California (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmdale,_California).

1968 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968) – Cultural Revolution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution): People's Daily (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Daily) posted the instructions of Mao Zedong (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong) that "The intellectual youth (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sent-down_youth) must go to the country, and will be educated from living in rural poverty."

1978 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978) – The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China) is held in Beijing, with Deng Xiaoping (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping) reversing Mao (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong)-era policies to pursue a program for Chinese economic reform (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform).

1984 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984) – Bernhard Goetz (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Goetz) shoots four would-be muggers on an express train in Manhattan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan) section of New York, New York.

1989 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989) – Communist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism) President of Romania (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Romania) Nicolae Ceaușescu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu) is overthrown by Ion Iliescu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Iliescu) after days of bloody confrontations. The deposed dictator and his wife flee Bucharest (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest) in a helicopter as protesters erupt in cheers.

1989 – Berlin's Brandenburg Gate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate) re-opens after nearly 30 years, effectively ending the division of East (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany) and West Germany (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany).

1990 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990) – Lech Wałęsa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa) is elected President of Poland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Poland).

2001 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001) – Burhanuddin Rabbani (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhanuddin_Rabbani), political leader of the Northern Alliance (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Alliance), hands over power in Afghanistan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan) to the interim government headed by President Hamid Karzai (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamid_Karzai).

2001 – Richard Reid (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Reid) attempts to destroy a passenger airliner by igniting explosives hidden in his shoes aboard American Airlines Flight 63 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_failed_shoe_bomb_attempt).

2010 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010) – The repeal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Ask,_Don%27t_Tell_Repeal_Act_of_2010) of the Don't ask, don't tell (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell) policy, the 17-year-old policy banning homosexuals serving openly in the United States military, is signed into law by President Barack Obama (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama).

2016 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016) – Syrian government forces retake control (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)) of the besieged areas of Aleppo.

CaptainCrunch

12-24-2017, 09:50 AM

December 24

820 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/820) – Emperor Leo V (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian) is assassinated in the Hagia Sophia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagia_Sophia) at Constantinople (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople) and is succeeded by Michael II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_II).

1777 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1777) – Kiritimati (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiritimati), also called Christmas Island, is discovered by James Cook (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook).

1800 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800) – The Plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_of_the_rue_Saint-Nicaise) fails to kill Napoleon Bonaparte (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon).

1814 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1814) – Representatives of Britain and the United States sign the Treaty of Ghent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Ghent), ending the War of 1812 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812).

1818 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818) – The first performance of "Silent Night (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Night)" takes place in the church of St. Nikolaus in Oberndorf (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberndorf_bei_Salzburg), Austria.

1826 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1826) – The Eggnog Riot (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggnog_Riot) at the United States Military Academy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy) begins that night, wrapping up the following morning.

1865 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1865) – The Ku Klux Klan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan) is formed.

1906 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906) – Radio (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio): Reginald Fessenden (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden) transmits the first radio broadcast; consisting of a poetry reading, a violin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin) solo, and a speech.

1914 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914) – World War I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I): The "Christmas truce (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_truce)" begins.

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – World War II: Kuching (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuching) is conquered by Japanese forces.

1942 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942) – World War II: French monarchist, Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Bonnier_de_La_Chapelle), assassinates Vichy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy) French Admiral François Darlan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan) in Algiers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers), Algeria (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria).

1943 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943) – World War II: U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower) is named Supreme Allied Commander (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander) for the Invasion of Normandy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy).

1951 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951) – Libya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya) becomes independent from Italy. Idris I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idris_of_Libya) is proclaimed King of Libya.

1952 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952) – First flight of Britain's Handley Page Victor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handley_Page_Victor) strategic bomber.

1964 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964) – Vietnam War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War): Viet Cong (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viet_Cong) operatives bomb the Brinks Hotel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing) in Saigon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City), South Vietnam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam) to demonstrate they can strike an American installation in the heavily guarded capital.

1968 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968) – Apollo program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program): The crew of Apollo 8 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_8) enters into orbit around the Moon, becoming the first humans to do so. They performed ten lunar orbits and broadcast live TV pictures.

1980 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980) – Witnesses report the first of several sightings of unexplained lights (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendlesham_Forest_incident) near RAF Woodbridge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Woodbridge), in Rendlesham Forest (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendlesham_Forest), Suffolk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolk), England, United Kingdom, an incident called "Britain's Roswell (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incident)".

CaptainCrunch

12-25-2017, 07:52 PM

Dec 25 in History

336 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/336) – First documentary sign of Christmas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas) celebration in Rome (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome).

350 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/350) – Vetranio (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetranio) meets Constantius II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_II) at Naissus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%A1) (Serbia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia)) and is forced to abdicate his title (Caesar). Constantius allows him to live as a private citizen on a state pension.

800 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/800) – The Coronation of Charlemagne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coronation_of_Charlemagne) as Holy Roman Emperor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor), in Rome.

1000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000) – The foundation of the Kingdom of Hungary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary): Hungary is established as a Christian kingdom by Stephen I of Hungary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary).

1066 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1066) – William the Conqueror (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror), Duke of Normandy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy) is crowned king of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England), at Westminster Abbey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey), London (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London).

1261 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1261) – John IV Laskaris (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_IV_Laskaris) of the restored Eastern Roman Empire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) is deposed and blinded by orders of his co-ruler Michael VIII Palaiologos (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos).

1492 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492) – The carrack (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrack) Santa María (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(ship)), commanded by Christopher Columbus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus), runs onto a reef (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef) off Haiti (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti) due to an improper watch (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_system).

1758 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1758) – Halley's Comet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet) is sighted by Johann Georg Palitzsch (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Georg_Palitzsch), confirming Edmund Halley (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Halley)'s prediction of its passage. This was the first passage of a comet predicted ahead of time.

1776 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776) – George Washington (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington) and the Continental Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army) cross the Delaware River (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_Riv er) at night to attack Hessian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian_(soldier)) forces serving Great Britain at Trenton, New Jersey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey), the next day.

1815 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1815) – The Handel and Haydn Society (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel_and_Haydn_Society), oldest continually performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance.

1826 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1826) – The Eggnog Riot (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggnog_Riot) at the United States Military Academy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy) concludes after beginning the previous evening.

1831 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831) – The Great Jamaican Slave Revolt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist_War) begins; up to 20% of the island's slaves mobilize in an ultimately unsuccessful fight for freedom.

1868 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868) – United States President Andrew Johnson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson) grants an unconditional pardon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon) to all Confederate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army) veterans.

1914 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914) – A series of unofficial truces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_truce) occur across the Western Front (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)) to celebrate Christmas.

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – Admiral Chester W. Nimitz (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_W._Nimitz) arrives at Pearl Harbor to assume command of the U.S. Pacific Fleet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Pacific_Fleet)

1941 – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): Battle of Hong Kong (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong) ends, beginning the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong).

1941 – Admiral Émile Muselier (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Muselier) seizes the archipelago of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon), which become the first part of France to be liberated by the Free French Forces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_French_Forces).

1946 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946) – The first European self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_chain_reaction) is initiated within the Soviet Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union)'s F-1 nuclear reactor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-1_(nuclear_reactor)).

1950 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950) – The Stone of Scone (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_of_Scone), traditional coronation stone of British monarchs, is taken from Westminster Abbey by Scottish nationalist students. It later turns up in Scotland on April 11 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_11), 1951.

1962 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962) – The Soviet Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union) conducts its final above-ground nuclear weapon test (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_Soviet_nuclear_tests), in anticipation of the 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty).

1968 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968) – Apollo program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program): Apollo 8 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_8) performs the very first successful Trans-Earth injection (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Earth_injection) (TEI) maneuver, sending the crew and spacecraft on a trajectory back to Earth from Lunar orbit (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_orbit).

1977 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977) – Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin) meets in Egypt with its president Anwar Sadat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat).

1989 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989) – Deposed President of Romania (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Romania) Nicolae Ceaușescu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu) and his wife, Elena (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Ceau%C8%99escu), are condemned to death and executed after a summary trial.

1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991) – Mikhail Gorbachev (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev) resigns as President of the Soviet Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union) (the union itself is dissolved (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union) the next day). Ukraine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine)'s referendum (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_independence_referendum,_1991) is finalized and Ukraine officially leaves the Soviet Union.

2003 – The ill-fated Beagle 2 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagle_2) probe, released from the Mars Express (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Express) spacecraft on December 19 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_19), stops transmitting shortly before its scheduled landing.

2004 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004) – The Cassini orbiter releases Huygens probe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)) which successfully landed on Saturn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn)'s moon Titan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)) on January 14, 2005.

2016 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016) – A Russian Defence Ministry Tupolev Tu-154 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154) carrying members of the Alexandrov Ensemble (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrov_Ensemble) crashes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Russian_Defence_Ministry_Tupolev_Tu-154_crash) into the Black Sea shortly after takeoff, killing all 92 people onboard.

CaptainCrunch

12-28-2017, 05:34 PM

A few days off,

today is Dec 28th

1065 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1065) – Westminster Abbey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey) is consecrated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consecration).

1795 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1795) – Construction of Yonge Street (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonge_Street), formerly recognized as the longest street in the world, begins in York, Upper Canada (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York,_Upper_Canada) (present-day Toronto (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto)).

1832 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1832) – John C. Calhoun (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Calhoun) becomes the first Vice President of the United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States) to resign.

1836 – Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico with the signing of the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_attempts_to_reconquer_Mexico).

1846 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1846) – Iowa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa) is admitted as the 29th U.S. state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state).

1895 – Wilhelm Röntgen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen) publishes a paper detailing his discovery of a new type of radiation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation), which later will be known as x-rays (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray).

1902 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902) – The Syracuse Athletic Club (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse_Pros) defeated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Series_of_Football_(1902%E2%80%9303)) the New York Philadelphians (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(World_Series_of_Football)), 5–0, in the first indoor professional football (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_American_football) game, which was held at Madison Square Garden (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden_(1890)). Ricky Ray struggles for Syracuse as he is sacked three times and intercepted twice

1912 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912) – The first municipally owned (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Municipal_Railway) streetcars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram) take to the streets in San Francisco (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco).

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): Operation Anthropoid (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Anthropoid), the plot to assassinate high-ranking Nazi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazism) officer Reinhard Heydrich (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich), commences.

1943 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): After eight days of brutal house-to-house fighting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_warfare), the Battle of Ortona (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ortona) concludes with the victory of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Canadian_Infantry_Division) over the German 1st Parachute Division (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Parachute_Division_(Germany)) and the capture of the Italian town of Ortona (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortona).

1944 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944) – Maurice Richard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Richard) becomes the first player to score eight points in one game of NHL (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League) ice hockey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey).

1958 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958) – "Greatest Game Ever Played" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_NFL_Championship_Game): Baltimore Colts (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Indianapolis_Colts) defeat the New York Giants (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Giants) in the first ever National Football League (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League) sudden death (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudden_death_(sport)) overtime (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)) game at New York's Yankee Stadium (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yankee_Stadium_(1923)). Ricky Ray does not play in this game

2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006) – War in Somalia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%9309)): The militaries of Somalia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia)'s Transitional Federal Government (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_Federal_Parliament) and Ethiopian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia) troops capture Mogadishu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Mogadishu) unopposed.

CaptainCrunch

12-29-2017, 10:16 AM

Dec 29

875 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/875) – Charles the Bald (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Bald), King of the Franks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks), is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor) Charles II.

1170 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1170) – Thomas Becket (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket), Archbishop of Canterbury (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury), is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral) by followers of King Henry II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England); he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communion) and the Catholic Church (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church).

1778 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1778) – American Revolutionary War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War): Three thousand British soldiers under the command of Lieutenant Colonel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)) Archibald Campbell (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell_(British_Army_officer,_born_173 9)) capture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Savannah) Savannah, Georgia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia).

1835 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1835) – The Treaty of New Echota (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_New_Echota) is signed, ceding all the lands of the Cherokee (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee) east of the Mississippi River (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River) to the United States.

1845 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1845) – In accordance with International Boundary delimitation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_delimitation), the United States annexes the Republic of Texas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Texas), following the manifest destiny (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_destiny) doctrine. The Republic of Texas, which had been independent since the Texas Revolution of 1836, is thereupon admitted as the 28th U.S. state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state).

1851 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1851) – The first American YMCA (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YMCA) opens in Boston, Massachusetts (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston).

1860 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860) – The launch of HMS Warrior (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Warrior_(1860)), with her combination of screw propeller (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeller), iron hull and iron armour (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironclad_warship), renders all previous warships obsolete.

1890 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890) – Wounded Knee Massacre (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wounded_Knee_Massacre) on Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Ridge_Indian_Reservation), 300 Lakota (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_people) killed by the United States 7th Cavalry Regiment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Cavalry_Regiment).

1934 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934) – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty) of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Naval_Treaty) of 1930.

1937 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937) – The Irish Free State (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Free_State) is replaced by a new state called Ireland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland) with the adoption of a new constitution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland).

1940 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): In the Second Great Fire of London (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Fire_of_London), the Luftwaffe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftwaffe) fire-bombs London (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London), England, killing almost 200 civilians.

1949 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949) – KC2XAK (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KC2XAK) of Bridgeport, Connecticut (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut) becomes the first Ultra high frequency (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency) (UHF) television station to operate a daily schedule.

1998 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998) – Leaders of the Khmer Rouge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Rouge) apologize for the 1970s genocide (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide) in Cambodia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia) that claimed over one million lives.

2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006) – UK settles its Anglo-American loan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-American_loan), post-WWII loan debt.

CaptainCrunch

01-01-2018, 09:06 AM

A fresh new year to look back

Jan 1st

45 BC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45_BC) – The Julian calendar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar) takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year.

42 BC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42_BC) – The Roman Senate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate) posthumously deifies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apotheosis) Julius Caesar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar).

AD 69 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_69) – The Roman legions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_legion) in Germania Superior (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania_Superior) refuse to swear loyalty to Galba (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galba). They rebel and proclaim Vitellius (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitellius) as emperor.

193 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/193) – The Senate chooses Pertinax (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertinax) against his will to succeed Commodus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodus) as Roman emperor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor).

404 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/404) – Telemachus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Telemachus), a Christian monk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monk), is killed for attempting to stop a gladiators (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladiator)' fight in the public arena held in Rome.

1502 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1502) – The present-day location of Rio de Janeiro (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro), Brazil is first explored by the Portuguese.

1772 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1772) – The first traveler's cheques (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveler%27s_cheque), which can be used in 90 European cities, is issued by the London Credit Exchange Company.

1773 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773) – The hymn that became known as "Amazing Grace (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazing_Grace)", then titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17" is first used to accompany a sermon led by John Newton (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Newton) in the town of Olney, Buckinghamshire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olney,_Buckinghamshire), England.

1776 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776) – American Revolutionary War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War): Norfolk, Virginia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia) is burned (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Norfolk) by combined Royal Navy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy) and Continental Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army) action.

1788 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788) – First edition of The Times (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times) of London, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published.

1801 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1801) – The legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain) and Kingdom of Ireland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland) is completed to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland).

1801 – Ceres (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)), the largest and first known object in the Asteroid belt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt), is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi).

1808 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1808) – The United States bans the importation of slaves (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_Prohibiting_Importation_of_Slaves).

1863 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): The Emancipation Proclamation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation) takes effect in Confederate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America) territory.

1881 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881) – Ferdinand de Lesseps (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Lesseps) begins French construction of the Panama Canal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal).

1892 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892) – Ellis Island (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis_Island) opens to begin processing immigrants into the United States.

1898 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898) – New York, New York annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York). The four initial boroughs, Manhattan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan), Brooklyn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn), Queens (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens), and The Bronx (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bronx), are joined on January 25 by Staten Island (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island) to create the modern city of five boroughs.

1902 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902) – The first American college football (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football) bowl game (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_game), the Rose Bowl (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Game) between Michigan and Stanford, is held in Pasadena, California (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasadena,_California).

1908 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908) – For the first time, a ball (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square_Ball) is dropped in New York City's Times Square (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square) to signify the start of the New Year (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year) at midnight.

1912 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912) – The Republic of China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)) is established.

1914 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914) – The SPT Airboat Line (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg%E2%80%93Tampa_Airboat_Line) becomes the world's first scheduled airline to use a winged aircraft.

1928 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928) – Boris Bazhanov (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Bazhanov) defects through Iran (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran). He is the only assistant of Joseph Stalin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin)'s secretariat to have defected from the Eastern Bloc (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_emigration_and_defection).

1929 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929) – The former municipalities of Point Grey, British Columbia and South Vancouver, British Columbia are amalgamated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merger_(politics)) into Vancouver (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver).

1934 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934) – Alcatraz Island (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatraz_Island) becomes a United States federal prison.

1934 – Nazi Germany (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany) passes the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_eugenics)".

1942 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942) – The Declaration by United Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations) is signed by twenty-six nations.

1945 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): In retaliation for the Malmedy massacre (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malmedy_massacre), U.S. troops kill 60 German POWs at Chenogne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenogne_massacre).

1945 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftwaffe) launches Operation Bodenplatte (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte), a massive, but failed attempt to knock out Allied (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II) air power in northern Europe in a single blow.

1947 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947) – The American and British occupation zones in Germany, after World War II, merge to form the Bizone (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizone), which later (with the French zone) became part of West Germany.

1947 – The Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act_1946) comes into effect, converting British subjects (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_subject) into Canadian citizens. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King) becomes the first Canadian citizen.

1949 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949) – United Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) cease-fire takes effect in Kashmir (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir) from one minute before midnight. War between India and Pakistan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan) stops accordingly.

1959 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959) – Fulgencio Batista (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista), dictator of Cuba, is overthrown by Fidel Castro (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro)'s forces during the Cuban Revolution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Revolution).

1971 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971) – Cigarette (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarette) advertisements are banned on American television.

1979 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979) – Formal diplomatic relations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomacy) are established between China and the United States.

1983 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983) – The ARPANET (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET) officially changes to using the Internet Protocol (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol), creating the Internet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet).

1984 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984) – The original American Telephone & Telegraph Company (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation) is divested of its 22 Bell System companies as a result of the settlement of the 1974 United States Department of Justice (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice) antitrust (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_law) suit against AT&T (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_the_Bell_System).

1985 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985) – The first British mobile phone call is made by Michael Harrison to his father Sir Ernest Harrison, chairman of Vodafone (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone).

1994 – The North American Free Trade Agreement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement) (NAFTA) comes into effect.

1995 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995) – The World Trade Organization (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization) goes into effect.

1995 – The Draupner wave (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draupner_wave) in the North Sea (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea) in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of freak waves (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_wave).

CaptainCrunch

01-03-2018, 04:57 PM

Jan 3rd in history

1521 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1521) – Pope Leo X (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_X) excommunicates Martin Luther (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther) in the papal bull (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_bull) Decet Romanum Pontificem (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decet_Romanum_Pontificem).

1749 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1749) – Benning Wentworth (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benning_Wentworth) issues the first of the New Hampshire Grants (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_Grants), leading to the establishment of Vermont (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont).

1777 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1777) – American General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_(United_States)) George Washington (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington) defeats British General Lord Cornwallis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis) at the Battle of Princeton (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton).

1823 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1823) – Stephen F. Austin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_F._Austin) receives a grant of land in Texas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas) from the government of Mexico.

1861 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): Delaware (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware) votes not to secede from the United States.

1870 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870) – Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge) begins.

1888 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888) – The James Lick telescope (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lick_telescope) at the Lick Observatory (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick_Observatory), measuring 91 cm in diameter, is used for the first time. It was the largest refracting telescope (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refracting_telescope) in the world at the time.

1911 – A gun battle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Sidney_Street) in the East End of London (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_End_of_London) left two dead and sparked a political row over the involvement of then-Home Secretary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Secretary) Winston Churchill (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill).

1919 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919) – At the Paris Peace Conference (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919), Emir Faisal I of Iraq (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq) signs an agreement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal%E2%80%93Weizmann_Agreement) with Zionist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism) leader Chaim Weizmann (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann) on the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine).

1925 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925) – Benito Mussolini (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini) announces he is taking dictatorial powers over Italy.

1932 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932) – Martial law (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_law) is declared in Honduras (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras) to stop a revolt by banana workers fired by the United Fruit Company (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Fruit_Company).

1938 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938) – The March of Dimes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_of_Dimes) is established as a foundation to combat infant polio by President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) Franklin D. Roosevelt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt).

1944 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): Top Ace Major Greg "Pappy" Boyington (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappy_Boyington) is shot down in his Vought F4U Corsair (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair) by Captain Masajiro Kawato (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_aces_from_Japan) flying a Mitsubishi A6M Zero (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero).

1945 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945) – World War II: Admiral Chester W. Nimitz (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_W._Nimitz) is placed in command of all U.S. Naval forces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy) in preparation for planned assaults against Iwo Jima (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwo_Jima) and Okinawa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture) in Japan.

1947 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947) – Proceedings of the U.S. Congress (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress) are televised for the first time.

1957 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957) – The Hamilton Watch Company (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_Watch_Company) introduces the first electric watch (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch).

1959 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959) – Alaska (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska) is admitted as the 49th U.S. state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state).

1961 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961) – The United States severs diplomatic relations with Cuba (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba) over the latter's nationalization of American assets.

1961 – The SL-1 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SL-1) nuclear reactor is destroyed by a steam explosion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_explosion) in the only reactor incident in the United States to cause immediate fatalities.

1962 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962) – Pope John XXIII (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII) excommunicates Fidel Castro (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro).

1977 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977) – Apple Computer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.) is incorporated.

1990 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990) – Manuel Noriega (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Noriega), former leader of Panama (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama), surrenders to American forces.

1993 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993) – In Moscow, Russia, George Bush (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush) and Boris Yeltsin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/START_II) (START).

1994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994) – More than seven million people from the former apartheid (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid) Homelands (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantustan) receive South African citizenship.

1999 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999) – The Mars Polar Lander (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander) is launched by NASA.

2000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000) – Final daily edition of the Peanuts (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanuts) comic strip (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_strip).

2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009) – The first block of the blockchain of the decentralized payment system (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_system) Bitcoin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin), called the Genesis block, was established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoshi_Nakamoto).

CaptainCrunch

01-06-2018, 11:19 AM

Jan 6

1492 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492) – The Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_and_Isabella) enter Granada (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada), completing the Reconquista (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconquista).

1540 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1540) – King Henry VIII of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England) marries Anne of Cleves (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves).

1661 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1661) – English Restoration (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_(England)): The Fifth Monarchists (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Monarchists) unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London), England.

1809 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809) – Combined British, Portuguese and colonial Brazilian forces begin the Invasion of Cayenne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Cayenne_(1809)) during the Napoleonic Wars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars).

1893 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893) – The Washington National Cathedral (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral) is chartered by Congress (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress). The charter is signed by President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) Benjamin Harrison (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison).

1900 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900) – Second Boer War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War): Having already besieged (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Ladysmith) the fortress at Ladysmith (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladysmith,_KwaZulu-Natal), Boer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boer) forces attack it, but are driven back by British (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland) defenders.

1912 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912) – New Mexico (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico) is admitted to the Union as the 47th U.S. state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state).

1929 – Mother Teresa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa) arrives in Calcutta, India (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata), to begin her work among India's poorest and sick people.

1930 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930) – The first diesel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine)-powered automobile (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile) trip is completed, from Indianapolis, Indiana (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis), to New York, New York (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City).

1931 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931) – Thomas Edison (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison) signs his last patent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent) application.

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt) delivers his Four Freedoms (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Freedoms) speech in the State of the Union address (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_the_Union_address).

1947 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947) – Pan American Airlines (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways) becomes the first commercial airline to offer a round-the-world ticket (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-the-world_ticket).

1950 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950) – The United Kingdom recognizes the People's Republic of China. The Republic of China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China) severs diplomatic relations with the UK in response.

1951 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951) – Korean War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War): An estimated 200–1,300 South Korean communist sympathizers are slaughtered in what becomes the Ganghwa massacre (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganghwa_massacre).

1967 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967) – Vietnam War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War): United States Marine Corps (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps) and ARVN (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam) troops launch "Operation Deckhouse Five (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Deckhouse_Five)" in the Mekong (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekong) River delta.

1974 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974) – In response to the 1973 oil crisis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_oil_crisis), daylight saving time (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time) commences nearly four months early in the United States.

1995 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995) – A chemical fire in an apartment complex in Manila, Philippines (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila), leads to the discovery of plans for Project Bojinka (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bojinka_plot), a mass-terrorist attack.

2001 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001) – The US Congress certifies George W. Bush (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) winner of 2000 presidential election.

2005 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005) – American Civil Rights Movement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Rights_Movement): Edgar Ray Killen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Ray_Killen) is arrested as a suspect in the 1964 murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murders_of_Chaney,_Goodman,_and_Schwerner).

2017 – The US Congress certifies Donald Trump (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) winner of 2016 presidential election.

CaptainCrunch

01-07-2018, 09:09 PM

Jan 7

1558 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1558) – French troops, led by Francis, Duke of Guise (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Guise), take Calais (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calais), the last continental possession of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_England).

1610 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1610) – Galileo Galilei (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei) makes his first observation of the four Galilean moons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean_moons): Ganymede (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)), Callisto (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(moon)), Io (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_(moon)) and Europa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon)), although he is not able to distinguish the last two until the following day.

1782 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1782) – The first American commercial bank, the Bank of North America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_North_America), opens.

1785 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785) – Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Blanchard) and American John Jeffries (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jeffries) travel from Dover, England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover), to Calais, France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calais), in a gas balloon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balloon).

1835 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1835) – HMS Beagle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Beagle) drops anchor off the Chonos Archipelago (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chonos_Archipelago).

1894 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894) – William Kennedy Dickson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kennedy_Dickson) receives a patent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent) for motion picture film (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film).

1904 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904) – The distress signal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distress_signal) "CQD (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CQD)" is established only to be replaced two years later by "SOS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOS)".

1920 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920) – The New York State Assembly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly) refuses to seat five duly elected Socialist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America) assemblymen.

1927 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927) – The first transatlantic telephone (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone) service is established from New York City (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City) to London (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London).

1935 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935) – Benito Mussolini (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini) and French Foreign minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_minister) Pierre Laval (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Laval) sign the Franco-Italian Agreement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Italian_Agreement).

1940 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940) – Winter War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_War): The Finnish 9th Division stop and completely destroy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Raate_Road) the numerically superior Soviet forces on the Raate-Suomussalmi road.

1942 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): The siege (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bataan) of the Bataan Peninsula (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataan_Peninsula) begins.

1945 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945) – World War II: British (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom) General Bernard Montgomery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery,_1st_Viscount_Montgomery_of_Ala mein) holds a press conference in which he claims credit for victory in the Battle of the Bulge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge).

1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948) – Kentucky Air National Guard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky_Air_National_Guard) pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantell_UFO_incident) a supposed UFO (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidentified_flying_object).

1954 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954) – Georgetown-IBM experiment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown-IBM_experiment): The first public demonstration of a machine translation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_translation) system, is held in New York at the head office of IBM (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM).

1959 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959) – The United States recognizes the new Cuban (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba) government of Fidel Castro (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro).

1979 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979) – Third Indochina War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War): Cambodian–Vietnamese War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War): Phnom Penh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phnom_Penh) falls to the advancing Vietnamese (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam) troops, driving out Pol Pot (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol_Pot) and the Khmer Rouge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Rouge).

1980 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980) – U.S. President Jimmy Carter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter) authorizes legislation giving $1.5 billion in loans to bail out the Chrysler (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler) Corporation.

1985 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985) – Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency) launches Sakigake (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakigake), Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft) and the first deep space probe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_probe) to be launched by any country other than the United States or the Soviet Union.

1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991) – Roger Lafontant (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Lafontant), former leader of the Tonton Macoute (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonton_Macoute) in Haiti (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti) under François Duvalier (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duvalier), attempts a coup d'état (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat), which ends in his arrest.

1992 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992) – The Jeep Grand Cherokee (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep_Grand_Cherokee) is introduced at the Detroit Auto Show (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Auto_Show).

1993 – Bosnian War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_War): The Bosnian Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) executes a surprise attack (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravica_attack_(1993)) at the village of Kravica in Srebrenica (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebrenica).

1999 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999) – The Senate trial in the impeachment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_of_Bill_Clinton) of U.S. President Bill Clinton (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton) begins.

2015 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015) – Two gunmen commit mass murder (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting) at the offices of Charlie Hebdo (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo) in Paris (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris), shooting twelve people execution style, and wounding eleven others.

CaptainCrunch

01-08-2018, 01:44 PM

Jan 8

1297 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1297) – François Grimaldi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Grimaldi), disguised as a monk, leads his men to capture the fortress protecting the Rock of Monaco (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_of_Monaco), establishing his family (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi) as the rulers of Monaco (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco).

1499 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1499) – Louis XII of France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France) marries Anne of Brittany (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Brittany) in accordance with a law set by his predecessor, Charles VIII (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France).

1790 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1790) – George Washington (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington) delivers the first State of the Union address (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_the_Union_address) in New York City.

1811 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1811) – An unsuccessful slave revolt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1811_German_Coast_Uprising) is led by Charles Deslondes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Deslondes) in St. Charles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Charles_Parish,_Louisiana) and St. James, Louisiana (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._James_Parish,_Louisiana).

1815 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1815) – War of 1812 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812): Battle of New Orleans (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans): Andrew Jackson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson) leads American forces in victory over the British.

1828 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1828) – The Democratic Party of the United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)) is organized.

1835 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1835) – The United States national debt is zero (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States#History) for the only time.

1863 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): Second Battle of Springfield (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Springfield)

1867 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1867) – African American (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American) men are granted the right to vote in Washington, D.C.

1877 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877) – Crazy Horse (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crazy_Horse) and his warriors fight their last battle against the United States Cavalry (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Cavalry) at Wolf Mountain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wolf_Mountain), Montana Territory (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana_Territory).

1889 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889) – Herman Hollerith (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Hollerith) is issued US patent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent) #395,791 for the 'Art of Applying Statistics' — his punched card (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card) calculator.

1912 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912) – The African National Congress (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_National_Congress) is founded.

1918 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918) – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson) announces his "Fourteen Points (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteen_Points)" for the aftermath of World War I.

1940 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): Britain introduces food rationing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom).

1963 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963) – Leonardo da Vinci (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci)'s Mona Lisa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa) is exhibited in the United States for the first time, at the National Gallery of Art (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art) in Washington, D.C.

1973 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973) – Soviet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union) space mission Luna 21 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_21) is launched.

1973 – Watergate scandal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal): The trial of seven men accused of illegal entry into Democratic Party (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)) headquarters at Watergate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_complex) begins.

1981 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981) – A local farmer reports a UFO sighting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-en-Provence_Case) in Trans-en-Provence, France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-en-Provence), claimed to be "perhaps the most completely and carefully documented sighting of all time".

1982 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982) – Breakup of the Bell System (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_the_Bell_System): AT&T (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation) agrees to divest itself of twenty-two subdivisions.

1994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994) – Russian cosmonaut (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmonaut) Valeri Polyakov (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeri_Polyakov) on Soyuz TM-18 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-18) leaves for Mir (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir). He would stay on the space station (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_station) until March 22, 1995, for a record 437 days in space.

2002 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002) – President George W. Bush (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) signs into law the No Child Left Behind Act (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act). Two hours later the Secret Service reminds him that he left his daughters Jemma and Barbara in the car.

Buff

01-08-2018, 03:45 PM

Thanks for continuing to do this Cap!

I do read them every time you post one.

as per yesterday's.... The Bosnian War was THAT long ago? Only feels like a couple years ago.

CaptainCrunch

01-08-2018, 03:47 PM

thanks, I was starting to wonder if I was just doing this to a blank audience.

I get stunned every time I do this because Events that seem like they were just yesterday are actually long ago, and sometimes I actually feel really old doing this.

CaptainCrunch

01-09-2018, 02:49 PM

CaptainCrunch

01-09-2018, 02:50 PM

Jan 9

475 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/475) – Byzantine Emperor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors) Zeno (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)) is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople), and his general, Basiliscus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basiliscus) gains control of the empire.

1150 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1150) – Wanyan Liang (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanyan_Liang) and other court officials murder Emperor Xizong of Jin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Xizong_of_Jin). Wanyan Liang succeeds him as emperor.

1349 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1349) – The Jewish population of Basel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel), believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death), is rounded up and incinerated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_massacre).

1431 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1431) – Judges' investigations for the trial of Joan of Arc (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc) begin in Rouen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouen).

1788 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788) – Connecticut (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut) becomes the fifth state to ratify the Constitution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution).

1793 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1793) – Jean-Pierre Blanchard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Blanchard) becomes the first person to fly in a balloon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balloon) in the United States.

1806 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1806) – Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson) receives a state funeral (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_funeral) and is interred in St Paul's Cathedral (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral).

1858 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1858) – Anson Jones (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anson_Jones), the last President of the Republic of Texas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Texas), commits suicide.

1861 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): "Star of the West (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_of_the_West)" incident occurs near Charleston, South Carolina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina).

1861 – Mississippi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi) becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.

1894 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894) – New England Telephone and Telegraph (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Telephone_and_Telegraph_Company) installs the first battery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity))-operated telephone switchboard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_switchboard) in Lexington, Massachusetts (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington,_Massachusetts).

1909 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909) – Ernest Shackleton (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton), leading the Nimrod Expedition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition) to the South Pole (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole), plants the British flag (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom) 97 nautical miles (180 km; 112 mi) from the South Pole, the farthest anyone had ever reached (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farthest_South) at that time.

1914 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914) – Phi Beta Sigma (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_Beta_Sigma) Fraternity Inc., the first historically black [NHLVIDEO]intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity to be officially recognized at Howard University, is founded.

1916 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916) – World War I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I): The Battle of Gallipoli (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign) concludes with an Ottoman Empire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula.

1918 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918) – Battle of Bear Valley (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bear_Valley): The last battle of the American Indian Wars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Wars).

1923 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923) – Juan de la Cierva (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cierva) makes the first autogyro (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autogyro) flight.

1923 – Lithuanian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanians) residents of the Memel Territory (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memel_Territory) rebel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Revolt) against the League of Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations)' decision to leave the area as a mandated region (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate) under French control.

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): First flight of the Avro Lancaster (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Lancaster).

1945 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945) – World War II: The Sixth United States Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_United_States_Army) begins the invasion of Lingayen Gulf (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Lingayen_Gulf).

1957 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957) – British Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom) Sir Anthony Eden (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Eden) resigns from office following his failure to retake (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis) the Suez Canal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal) from Egyptian sovereignty.

1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991) – Representatives from the United States and Iraq (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) meet at the Geneva Peace Conference (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Peace_Conference_(1991)) to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait).

1992 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992) – The Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Serb_People_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegov ina) proclaims the creation of Republika Srpska (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Srpska), a new state within Yugoslavia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia).

1996 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996) – First Chechen War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Chechen_War): Chechen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechens) separatists (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separatism) launch a raid against the helicopter airfield and later a civilian hospital in the city of Kizlyar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizlyar) in the neighboring Dagestan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagestan), which turns into a massive hostage crisis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye_hostage_crisis) involving thousands of civilians (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian).

2005 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005) – Mahmoud Abbas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) wins the election (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_presidential_election,_2005) to succeed Yasser Arafat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat) as President of the Palestinian National Authority (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority), replacing interim president Rawhi Fattouh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawhi_Fattouh).

2007 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007) – Apple (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.) CEO Steve Jobs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs) introduces the original iPhone (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone) at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco).

2015 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015) – The perpetrators of the Charlie Hebdo shooting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting) in Paris (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris) two days earlier are both killed after a hostage situation; a second hostage situation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porte_de_Vincennes_siege), related to the Charlie Hebdo shooting, occurs at a Jewish market in Vincennes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincennes).

4X4

01-09-2018, 04:12 PM

2007 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007) – Apple (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.) CEO Steve Jobs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs) introduces the original iPhone (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone) at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco).

I can't believe it's only been 11 years since smartphones came out. I was not so much a hold out, but I didn't bother getting one for a few years. Now I can't imagine life without a computer in my pocket at all times.

keratosis

01-09-2018, 05:11 PM

I can't believe it's only been 11 years since smartphones came out. I was not so much a hold out, but I didn't bother getting one for a few years. Now I can't imagine life without a computer in my pocket at all times.Um...
http://www.businessinsider.com/worlds-first-smartphone-simon-launched-before-iphone-2015-6

https://youtu.be/GUG7nwMmoUc

undercoverbrother

01-09-2018, 05:13 PM

as per yesterday's.... The Bosnian War was THAT long ago? Only feels like a couple years ago.

or less

CaptainCrunch

01-09-2018, 05:49 PM

funny if you look at my post on November 23, (I've been doing this for almost 2 months wow). I had the Simon in 1992.

CaptainCrunch

01-10-2018, 04:55 PM

Jan 10

49 BC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/49_BC) – Julius Caesar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar) crosses the Rubicon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubicon), signalling the start of civil war (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar%27s_Civil_War).

1645 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1645) – Archbishop William Laud (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Laud) is beheaded for treason at the Tower of London (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_London).

1776 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776) – American Revolution : Thomas Paine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine) publishes his pamphlet Common Sense (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Sense_(pamphlet)).

1812 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812) – The first steamboat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans_(steamboat)) on the Ohio River (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_River) or the Mississippi River (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River) arrives in New Orleans (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans), 82 days after departing from Pittsburgh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh).

1861 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): Florida (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida) becomes the third state to secede from the Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)).

1863 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863) – The Metropolitan Railway (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Railway), the world's oldest underground railway, opens between Paddington (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddington_tube_station_(Circle_and_Hammersmith_%2 6_City_lines)) and Farringdon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farringdon_station), marking the beginning of the London Underground (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Underground).

1870 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870) – John D. Rockefeller (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller) incorporates Standard Oil (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil).

1901 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901) – The first great Texas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas) oil gusher (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowout_(well_drilling)) is discovered at Spindletop (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindletop) in Beaumont, Texas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas).

1916 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916) – World War I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I): In the Erzurum Offensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erzurum_Offensive), Russia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire) defeats the Ottoman Empire.

1920 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920) – The Treaty of Versailles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles) takes effect, officially ending World War I.

http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/memoir/Ambco/images/fig34.jpg

1927 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927) – Fritz Lang (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Lang)'s futuristic film Metropolis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)) is released in Germany.

GrFBId1b8U0

1946 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946) – The first General Assembly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly) of the United Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) opens in London. Fifty-one nations are represented.

1946 – The United States Army Signal Corps (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)) successfully conducts Project Diana (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Diana), bouncing radio waves (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave) off the Moon and receiving the reflected signals.

1962 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962) – Apollo program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program): NASA (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA) announces plans to build the C-5 rocket launch vehicle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch_vehicle), which became known as the Saturn V (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_V) Moon rocket, which launched every Apollo Moon mission.

FzCsDVfPQqk

1966 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966) – Tashkent Declaration (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_Declaration), a peace agreement between India and Pakistan signed that resolved the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965).

1984 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984) – Holy See–United States relations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_States_relations): The United States and Holy See (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See) (Vatican City (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City)) re-establish full diplomatic relations after almost 117 years, overturning the United States Congress (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress)'s 1867 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1867) ban on public funding for such a diplomatic envoy.

1985 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985) – Sandinista (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front) Daniel Ortega (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega) becomes president of Nicaragua (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua) and vows to continue the transformation to socialism and alliance with the Soviet Union and Cuba; American policy continues to support the Contras (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contras) in their revolt against the Nicaraguan government.

1990 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990) – Time Warner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Warner) is formed by the merger of Time Inc. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Inc.) and Warner Communications (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Communications).

CaptainCrunch

01-12-2018, 11:17 AM

took the 11th off, so here's he Jan 12th

1866 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1866) – The Royal Aeronautical Society (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Aeronautical_Society) is formed in London.

1908 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908) – A long-distance radio (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_broadcasting#History) message is sent from the Eiffel Tower (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower) for the first time.

1915 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915) – The United States House of Representatives (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives) rejects a proposal to require states to give women the right to vote (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage)

1916 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916) – Both Oswald Boelcke (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Boelcke) and Max Immelmann (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Immelmann), for achieving eight aerial victories each over Allied (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I) aircraft, receive the German Empire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Empire)'s highest military award, the Pour le Mérite (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite) as the first German aviators to earn it.

1921 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921) – Acting to restore confidence in baseball after the Black Sox Scandal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sox_Scandal), Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenesaw_Mountain_Landis) is elected as Major League Baseball (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball)'s first commissioner.

1932 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932) – Hattie Caraway (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_Caraway) becomes the first woman elected to the United States Senate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate).

1942 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt) creates the National War Labor Board (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_War_Labor_Board_(1942%E2%80%931945)).

1945 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): The Red Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army) begins the Vistula–Oder Offensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_Offensive).

1962 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962) – Vietnam War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War): Operation Chopper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Chopper_(Vietnam)), the first American combat mission in the war, takes place.

1966 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966) – Lyndon B. Johnson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson) states that the United States should stay in South Vietnam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam) until Communist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism) aggression there is ended.

1967 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967) – Dr. James Bedford (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bedford) becomes the first person to be cryonically preserved (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryonics) with intent of future resuscitation.

1969 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969) – The New York Jets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Jets) of the American Football League (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Football_League) defeat the Baltimore Colts (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Baltimore_Colts) of the National Football League (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League) to win Super Bowl III (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_III) in what is considered to be one of the greatest upsets in sports history. Ricky Ray was held responsible for the loss by Baltimore fans who stormed his hospital room in an attempt to kill him.

1971 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971) – The Harrisburg Seven (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrisburg_Seven): Rev. Philip Berrigan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Berrigan) and five other activists are indicted on charges of conspiring to kidnap Henry Kissinger (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger) and of plotting to blow up the heating tunnels of federal buildings in Washington, D.C. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.)

1976 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976) – The United Nations Security Council (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) votes 11–1 to allow the Palestine Liberation Organization (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization) to participate in a Security Council debate (without voting rights).

1986 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986) – Space Shuttle program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program): Congressman Bill Nelson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Nelson_(politician)) lifts off from Kennedy Space Center (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center) aboard Columbia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia) on mission STS-61-C (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-61-C) as a Payload Specialist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payload_Specialist).

1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991) – Persian Gulf War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War): An act of the U.S. Congress authorizes the use of American military force to drive Iraq (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq) out of Kuwait (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait).

1998 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998) – Nineteen European nations agree to forbid human cloning (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cloning).

2001 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001) – Downtown Disney (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Disney_(Disneyland_Resort)) opens to the public as part of the Disneyland Resort (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disneyland_Resort) in Anaheim, California (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaheim,_California).

2004 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004) – The world's largest ocean liner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_liner), RMS Queen Mary 2 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Queen_Mary_2), makes its maiden voyage.

2005 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005) – Deep Impact (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)) launches from Cape Canaveral (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral) on a Delta II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_II) rocket.

CaptainCrunch

01-15-2018, 11:49 AM

Took some time off, here's Jan 15th

AD 69 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_69) – Otho (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otho) seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor), but rules for only three months before committing suicide.

1541 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1541) – King Francis I of France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_I_of_France) gives Jean-François Roberval (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval) a commission to settle the province of New France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_France) (Canada) and provide for the spread of the "Holy Catholic faith".

1559 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1559) – Elizabeth I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England) is crowned Queen of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs) in Westminster Abbey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey), London, England.

1759 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1759) – The British Museum (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum) opens.

1777 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1777) – American Revolutionary War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War): New Connecticut (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Republic) (present-day Vermont (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont)) declares its independence.

1782 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1782) – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)) goes before the U.S. Congress (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress) to recommend establishment of a national mint (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint_(coin)) and decimal coinage (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin).

1844 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1844) – University of Notre Dame (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame) receives its charter from the state of Indiana (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana).

1865 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1865) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): Fort Fisher (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Fisher) in North Carolina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina) falls to the Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fort_Fisher), thus cutting off the last major seaport of the Confederacy.

1870 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870) – A political cartoon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_cartoon) for the first time symbolizes the Democratic Party (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)) with a donkey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey) ("A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democraticjackass.jpg)" by Thomas Nast (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Nast) for Harper's Weekly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly)).

1889 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889) – The Coca-Cola Company (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company), then known as the Pemberton Medicine Company, is incorporated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incorporation_(business)) in Atlanta (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta).

1892 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892) – James Naismith (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Naismith) publishes the rules of basketball (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball).

1908 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908) – The Alpha Kappa Alpha (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Alpha) sorority (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities_in_North_America) becomes the first Greek-letter organization founded and established by African American (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American) college women.

1919 – Great Molasses Flood (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Molasses_Flood): A wave of molasses (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molasses) released from an exploding storage tank sweeps through Boston (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston), Massachusetts, killing 21 and injuring 150.

1936 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936) – The first building to be completely covered in glass, built for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owens-Illinois), is completed in Toledo, Ohio (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio).

1943 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): The Soviet counter-offensive at Voronezh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Voronezh_(1943)) begins

1943 – The Pentagon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon) is dedicated in Arlington, Virginia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia).

1947 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947) – The Black Dahlia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Dahlia) murder: the dismembered corpse of Elizabeth Short was found in Los Angeles.

1967 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967) – The first Super Bowl (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl) is played in Los Angeles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles). The Green Bay Packers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers) defeat the Kansas City Chiefs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs) 35–10. Ricky Ray does not play in this game

1969 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969) – The Soviet Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union) launches Soyuz 5 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_5).

1970 – Muammar Gaddafi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi) is proclaimed premier of Libya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya).

1973 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973) – Vietnam War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War): Citing progress in peace negotiations, President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) Richard Nixon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon) announces the suspension of offensive action in North Vietnam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Vietnam).

1976 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976) – Gerald Ford (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford)'s would-be assassin, Sara Jane Moore (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Jane_Moore), is sentenced to life in prison.

1981 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981) – Pope John Paul II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II) receives a delegation from Solidarity (Polish trade union) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)) at the Vatican (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City) led by Lech Wałęsa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa).

1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991) – The United Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) deadline for the withdrawal of Iraqi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) forces from occupied Kuwait (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait) expires, preparing the way for the start of Operation Desert Storm (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War).

2001 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001) – Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia), a free wiki (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki) content encyclopedia, goes online.

2007 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007) – Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barzan_Ibrahim_al-Tikriti), former Iraqi intelligence chief and half-brother of Saddam Hussein (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein), and Awad Hamed al-Bandar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awad_Hamed_al-Bandar), former chief judge of the Revolutionary Court, are executed by hanging in Iraq

2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009) – US Airways Flight 1549 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549) ditches safely (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_landing) in the Hudson River (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_River) after the plane collides with birds (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_strike) several minutes after take-off.

CaptainCrunch

01-16-2018, 12:46 PM

Jan 16

27 BC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/27_BC) – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus) is granted the title Augustus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_(honorific)) by the Roman Senate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate), marking the beginning of the Roman Empire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire).

550 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/550) – Gothic War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_War_(535%E2%80%93554)): The Ostrogoths (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrogoths), under King Totila (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totila), conquer Rome after a long siege, by bribing the Isaurian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isauria) garrison.

1120 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1120) – The Council of Nablus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Nablus) is held, establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades) Kingdom of Jerusalem (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem).

1492 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492) – The first grammar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar) of the Spanish language (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language) (Gramática de la lengua castellana (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica_de_la_lengua_castellana)) is presented to Queen Isabella I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile).

1547 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1547) – Grand Duke Ivan IV (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_IV) of Muscovy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscovy) becomes the first Tsar of Russia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_of_Russia), replacing the 264-year-old Grand Duchy of Moscow (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow) with the Tsardom of Russia.

1572 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1572) – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_4th_Duke_of_Norfolk) is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridolfi_plot) to restore Catholicism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism) in England.

1707 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1707) – The Scottish Parliament (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland) ratifies the Act of Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707), paving the way for the creation of Great Britain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain).

1780 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1780) – American Revolutionary War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War): Battle of Cape St. Vincent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1780)).

1786 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1786) – Virginia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia) enacts the Statute for Religious Freedom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Statute_for_Religious_Freedom) authored by Thomas Jefferson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson).

1883 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883) – The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendleton_Civil_Service_Reform_Act), establishing the United States Civil Service (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Civil_Service_Commission), is passed.

1909 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909) – Ernest Shackleton (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton)'s expedition finds the magnetic South Pole (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole).

1919 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919) – Temperance movement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_the_United_States): The United States ratifies the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitu tion), requiring Prohibition in the United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States) one year after ratification.

https://d3atagt0rnqk7k.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/04144444/prohibition-31-1024x640.jpg

1920 – The League of Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations) holds its first council meeting in Paris, France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris).

1945 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945) – Adolf Hitler (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler) moves into his underground bunker, the so-called Führerbunker (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker).

1964 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964) – Hello, Dolly! (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello,_Dolly!_(musical)) opened on Broadway, beginning a run of 2,844 performances.

1969 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969) – Czech (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechs) student Jan Palach (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Palach) commits suicide by self-immolation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-immolation) in Prague, Czechoslovakia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague), in protest against the Soviets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union)' crushing of the Prague Spring (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague_Spring) the year before.

1969 – Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 4 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_4) and Soyuz 5 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_5) perform the first-ever docking of manned spacecraft in orbit (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit), the first-ever transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another, and the only time such a transfer was accomplished with a space walk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extravehicular_activity).

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/TOpk8KfrQm4/hqdefault.jpg

1979 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979) – The last Iranian Shah (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi) flees Iran (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) with his family for good and relocates to Egypt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt).

1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991) – Coalition Forces go to war with Iraq (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq), beginning the Gulf War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War).

2002 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002) – The UN Security Council (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) unanimously establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of Osama bin Laden (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden), al-Qaeda (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda), and the remaining members of the Taliban (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban).

2003 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003) – The Space Shuttle Columbia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia) takes off for mission STS-107 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-107) which would be its final one. Columbia disintegrated 16 days later on re-entry.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Columbia_STS-109_preparing_for_launch.jpg/1200px-Columbia_STS-109_preparing_for_launch.jpg

CaptainCrunch

01-17-2018, 10:33 AM

Jan 17

395 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/395) – Upon the death of Emperor Theodosius I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_I), the Roman Empire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire) is permanently divided into the Eastern Roman Empire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) under Arcadius (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadius), and the Western Roman Empire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire) under Honorius (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorius_(emperor)).

1377 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1377) – Pope Gregory XI (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XI) moves the Papacy back to Rome from Avignon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avignon).

1648 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1648) – England's Long Parliament (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Parliament) passes the "Vote of No Addresses (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vote_of_No_Addresses)", breaking off negotiations with King Charles I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England) and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War).

1773 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773) – Captain James Cook (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook) commands the first expedition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_voyage_of_James_Cook) to sail south of the Antarctic Circle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Circle).

1781 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1781) – American Revolutionary War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War): Battle of Cowpens (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cowpens): Continental troops under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Morgan) defeat British forces under Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banastre_Tarleton) at the battle in South Carolina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina).

1811 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1811) – Mexican War of Independence (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence): In the Battle of Calderón Bridge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Calder%C3%B3n_Bridge), a heavily outnumbered Spanish (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1810%E2%80%9373)) force of 6,000 troops defeats nearly 100,000 Mexican revolutionaries.

1899 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899) – The United States takes possession of Wake Island (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_Island) in the Pacific Ocean.

1912 – Captain Robert Falcon Scott (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott) reaches the South Pole (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition), one month after Roald Amundsen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen).

1917 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917) – The United States pays Denmark $25 million for the Virgin Islands (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands).

1929 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929) – Popeye the Sailor Man (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye), a cartoon character (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon_character) created by E. C. Segar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._C._Segar), first appears in the Thimble Theatre (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thimble_Theatre) comic strip (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_strip).

1944 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944) – World War II: Allied (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II) forces launch the first of four assaults (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino) on Monte Cassino (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Cassino) with the intention of breaking through the Winter Line (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Line) and seizing Rome, an effort that would ultimately take four months and cost 105,000 Allied casualties.

1945 – The SS-Totenkopfverbände (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS-Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde) begin the evacuation of the Auschwitz concentration camp (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp) as Soviet forces close in.

1945 – Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg) is taken into Soviet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union) custody while in Hungary; he is never publicly seen again.

1946 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946) – The UN Security Council (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Security_Council) holds its first session.

1950 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950) – The Great Brink's Robbery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Brink%27s_Robbery): Eleven thieves steal more than $2 million from an armored car company's offices in Boston (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston).

1961 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961) – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower) delivers a televised farewell address to the nation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenhower%27s_farewell_address) three days before leaving office, in which he warns against the accumulation of power by the "military–industrial complex (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex)" as well as the dangers of massive spending, especially deficit spending.

1966 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966) – Palomares incident (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Palomares_B-52_crash): A B-52 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress) bomber collides with a KC-135 Stratotanker (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KC-135_Stratotanker) over Spain, killing seven airmen, and dropping three 70-kiloton nuclear bombs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B28_nuclear_bomb) near the town of Palomares (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palomares,_Almer%C3%ADa) and another one into the sea

1969 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969) – Black Panther Party (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther_Party) members Bunchy Carter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunchy_Carter) and John Huggins (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Huggins) are killed during a meeting in Campbell Hall on the campus of UCLA (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCLA).

1977 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977) – Capital punishment in the United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States) resumes after a ten-year hiatus, as convicted murderer Gary Gilmore (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Gilmore) is executed by firing squad (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_by_firing_squad) in Utah

1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991) – Gulf War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War): Operation Desert Storm (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm) begins early in the morning. Iraq (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) fires eight Scud (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scud) missiles into Israel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) in an unsuccessful bid to provoke Israeli retaliation.

1992 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992) – During a visit to South Korea, Japanese Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan) Kiichi Miyazawa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiichi_Miyazawa) apologizes for forcing Korean women into sexual slavery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfort_women) during World War II.

1994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994) – The 6.7 Mw Northridge earthquake (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Northridge_earthquake) shakes the Greater Los Angeles Area (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area) with a maximum Mercalli intensity (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale) of IX (Violent), leaving 57 people dead and more than 8,700 injured.

1998 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998) – Lewinsky scandal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal): Matt Drudge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Drudge) breaks the story of the Bill Clinton (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton)–Monica Lewinsky (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica_Lewinsky) affair on his Drudge Report (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drudge_Report) website.

2007 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007) – The Doomsday Clock (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomsday_Clock) is set to five minutes to midnight in response to North Korea (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea)'s nuclear testing.

undercoverbrother

01-18-2018, 07:27 AM

Jan 17

1944 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944) – World War II: Allied (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II) forces launch the first of four assaults (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino) on Monte Cassino (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Cassino) with the intention of breaking through the Winter Line (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Line) and seizing Rome, an effort that would ultimately take four months and cost 105,000 Allied casualties.

For those wondering what hell is like read up on this battle.

pre battle (this is a photo of it re-built)

http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02914/monte-cassino-toda_2914525c.jpg

post battle:

http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02914/monte-cassino-mona_2914515c.jpg

CaptainCrunch

01-18-2018, 10:26 AM

Jan 18th

474 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/474) – Seven-year-old Leo II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)) succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_I_the_Thracian) as Byzantine emperor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_emperor). He dies ten months later.

1486 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1486) – King Henry VII of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England) marries Elizabeth of York (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York), daughter of Edward IV (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England).

1535 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1535) – Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro) founds Lima (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Lima), the capital of Peru (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru).

1562 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1562) – Pope Pius IV (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV) reopens the Council of Trent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trent) for its third and final session.

1778 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1778) – James Cook (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook) is the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands), which he names the "Sandwich Islands".

1788 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788) – The first elements of the First Fleet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Fleet) carrying 736 convicts from Great Britain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain) to Australia arrive at Botany Bay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany_Bay).

1866 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1866) – Wesley College, Melbourne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_College,_Melbourne), is established.

1871 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1871) – Wilhelm I of Germany (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_I_of_Germany) is proclaimed Kaiser Wilhelm in the Hall of Mirrors (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_of_Mirrors) of the Palace of Versailles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles) (France) towards the end of the Franco-Prussian War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War). Wilhelm already had the title of German Emperor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Emperor) since the constitution of 1 January 1871 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_German_Confederation_1871), but he had hesitated to accept the title.

1886 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1886) – Modern hockey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey) is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England.

1896 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896) – An X-ray (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray) generating machine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_generator) is exhibited for the first time by H. L. Smith.

1911 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911) – Eugene B. Ely (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_B._Ely) lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pennsylvania_(ACR-4)) anchored in San Francisco Bay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay), the first time an aircraft landed on a ship.

1915 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915) – Japan issues the "Twenty-One Demands (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-One_Demands)" to the Republic of China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)) in a bid to increase its power in East Asia.

1919 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919) – World War I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I): The Paris Peace Conference (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919) opens in Versailles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles), France.

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): British troops launch a general counter-offensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_Campaign_(World_War_II)#Allied_counte r-offensive) against Italian East Africa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_East_Africa).

1943 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943) – Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising): The first uprising of Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto).

1945 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945) – World War II: Liberation of Kraków (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w), Poland by the Red Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army).

1958 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958) – Willie O'Ree (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_O%27Ree), the first African Canadian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Canadian) National Hockey League (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League) player, makes his NHL debut with the Boston Bruins (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Bruins).

1969 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969) – United Airlines Flight 266 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_266) crashes into Santa Monica Bay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Monica_Bay) killing all 32 passengers and six crew members.

1974 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974) – A Disengagement of Forces agreement is signed between the Israeli (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) and Egyptian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) governments, ending conflict on the Egyptian front of the Yom Kippur War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War).

1977 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977) – Scientists identify a previously unknown bacterium (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterium) as the cause of the mysterious Legionnaires' disease (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires%27_disease).

1978 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978) – The European Court of Human Rights (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights) finds the United Kingdom's government guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland), but not guilty of torture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture).

1983 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983) – The International Olympic Committee (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee) restores Jim Thorpe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Thorpe)'s Olympic medals to his family.

1990 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990) – Washington, D.C. Mayor Marion Barry (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Barry) is arrested for drug (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoactive_drug) possession in an FBI (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation) sting.

1993 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993) – Martin Luther King, Jr. Day (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._Day) is officially observed for the first time in all 50 states.

2005 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005) – The Airbus A380 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A380), the world's largest commercial jet, is unveiled at a ceremony in Toulouse (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse), France2008 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008) – The Euphronios Krater (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphronios_Krater) is unveiled in Rome (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome) after being returned to Italy by the Metropolitan Museum of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art)Art (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art).

2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009) – Gaza War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%9309)): Hamas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) announces they will accept Israel Defense Forces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces) offer of a ceasefire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceasefire), ending the assault (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%9309)).

CaptainCrunch

01-19-2018, 04:50 PM

Jan 19th

379 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/379) – Emperor Gratian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratian) elevates Flavius Theodosius (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_I) at Sirmium (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirmium) to Augustus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_(honorific)), and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire).

1661 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1661) – Thomas Venner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Venner) is hanged, drawn and quartered (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanged,_drawn_and_quartered) in London.

1764 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1764) – John Wilkes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilkes) is expelled from the British House of Commons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom) for seditious libel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seditious_libel).

1788 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788) – The second group of ships of the First Fleet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Fleet) arrive at Botany Bay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany_Bay)

1829 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829) – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe)'s Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faust:_The_First_Part_of_the_Tragedy) receives its premiere performance.

1839 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839) – The British East India Company (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Company) captures Aden (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden).

1861 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): Georgia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)) joins South Carolina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina), Florida (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida), Mississippi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi), and Alabama (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama) in declaring secession (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secession) from the United States.

1862 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1862) – American Civil War: Battle of Mill Springs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mill_Springs): The Confederacy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America) suffers its first significant defeat in the conflict.

1883 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883) – The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires, built by Thomas Edison (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison), begins service at Roselle, New Jersey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roselle,_New_Jersey).

1915 – German strategic bombing during World War I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I): German zeppelins bomb the towns of Great Yarmouth (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Yarmouth) and King's Lynn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Lynn) in the United Kingdom killing at least 20 people, in the first major aerial bombardment of a civilian target.

1920 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920) – The United States Senate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate) votes against joining the League of Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations).

1920 – The American Civil Liberties Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union) (ACLU) is founded.

1937 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937) – Howard Hughes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Hughes) sets a new air record (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-America_flight_air_speed_record) by flying from Los Angeles to New York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes, 25 seconds.

1940 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940) – You Nazty Spy! (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Nazty_Spy!), the very first Hollywood film of any kind to satirize Adolf Hitler (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler) and the Nazis premieres, starring The Three Stooges (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Stooges), with Moe Howard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moe_Howard) as the character "Moe Hailstone" satirizing Hitler.

1942 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942) – World War II: The Japanese conquest of Burma (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_conquest_of_Burma) begins.

1945 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945) – World War II: Soviet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army) forces liberate the Łódź Ghetto (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Ghetto). Of more than 200,000 inhabitants in 1940, less than 900 had survived the Nazi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazism) occupation.

1946 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946) – General Douglas MacArthur (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur) establishes the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East) in Tokyo to try Japanese war criminals (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime).

1953 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953) – Almost 72% of all television sets in the United States are tuned into I Love Lucy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Love_Lucy) to watch Lucy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Ricardo) give birth (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Goes_to_the_Hospital).

1960 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960) – Japan and the United States sign the US–Japan Mutual Security Treaty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Mutual_Cooperation_and_Security_between_ the_United_States_and_Japan)

1969 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969) – Student Jan Palach (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Palach) dies after setting himself on fire three days earlier in Prague (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague)'s Wenceslas Square (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenceslas_Square) to protest about the invasion of Czechoslovakia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia) by the Soviet Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union) in 1968. His funeral turns into another major protest.

1977 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977) – President Gerald Ford (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford) pardons Iva Toguri D'Aquino (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iva_Toguri_D%27Aquino) (a.k.a. "Tokyo Rose (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Rose)").

1978 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978) – The last Volkswagen Beetle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle) made in Germany leaves VW's plant in Emden (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emden). Beetle production in Latin America continues until 2003.

1981 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981) – Iran hostage crisis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis): United States and Iranian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) officials sign an agreement to release 52 American hostages after 14 months of captivity.

1983 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983) – Nazi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi) war criminal Klaus Barbie (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Barbie) is arrested in Bolivia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia).

1983 – The Apple Lisa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lisa), the first commercial personal computer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer) from Apple Inc. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.) to have a graphical user interface (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface) and a computer mouse (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mouse), is announced.

1986 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986) – The first IBM PC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC) computer virus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus) is released into the wild. A boot sector virus dubbed (c)Brain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_(computer_virus)), it was created by the Farooq Alvi Brothers in Lahore (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore), Pakistan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan), reportedly to deter unauthorized copying of the software they had written.

1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991) – Gulf War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War): Iraq (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) fires a second Scud (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scud) missile into Israel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel), causing 15 injuries.

1993 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993) – Czech Republic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic) and Slovakia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia) join the United Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations).

1997 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997) – Yasser Arafat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat) returns to Hebron (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebron) after more than 30 years and joins celebrations over the handover of the last Israeli-controlled West Bank (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank) city.

1999 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999) – British Aerospace (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Aerospace) agrees to acquire the defence subsidiary of the General Electric Company plc (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_Company_plc), forming BAE Systems (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems) in November 1999.

2007 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007) – Turkish-Armenian Journalist Hrant Dink (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrant_Dink) is assassinated in front of his newspaper's Istanbul office by 17-year-old Turkish ultra-nationalist Ogün Samast.

2012 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012) – The Hong Kong-based file-sharing website Megaupload (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaupload) is shut down by the FBI (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI).

CaptainCrunch

01-20-2018, 09:35 AM

Jan 20th

250 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/250) – Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire). Pope Fabian is martyred.

1265 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1265) – The first English parliament (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%27s_Parliament) to include not only Lords but also representatives of the major towns holds its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster), now commonly known as the "Houses of Parliament".

1649 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1649) – Charles I of England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England) goes on trial for treason and other "high crimes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_crimes)".

1783 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1783) – The Kingdom of Great Britain signs a peace treaty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)) with the United States, officially ending hostilities in the American Revolutionary War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War).

1788 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788) – The third and main part of First Fleet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Fleet) arrives at Botany Bay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany_Bay). Arthur Phillip (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Phillip) decides that Port Jackson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Jackson) is a more suitable location for a colony.

1841 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1841) – Hong Kong Island (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island) is occupied by the British.

1887 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1887) – The United States Senate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate) allows the Navy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy) to lease Pearl Harbor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor) as a naval base.

1929 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929) – In Old Arizona (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Old_Arizona), the first full-length talking motion picture filmed outdoors, is released.

1936 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936) – Edward VIII (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VIII) becomes King of the United Kingdom.

1937 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937) – Franklin Delano Roosevelt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt) and John Nance Garner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nance_Garner) are sworn in for their second terms as U.S. President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._President) and U.S. Vice President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Vice_President), the first occasion a Presidential Inauguration to take place on January 20 following the ratification of the 20th Amendment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitut ion)

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – A German officer is killed in Bucharest (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest), Romania (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania), sparking a rebellion and pogrom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom) by the Iron Guard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Guard), killing 125 Jews and 30 soldiers.

1942 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942) – World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): At the Wannsee Conference (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wannsee_Conference) held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wannsee), senior Nazi German (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany) officials discuss the implementation of the "Final Solution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_Solution) to the Jewish question (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_question)".

1945 – World War II: Germany (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany) begins the evacuation of 1.8 million people (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuation_of_East_Prussia) from East Prussia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Prussia), a task which will take nearly two months.

1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948) – United Nations Security Council Resolution 39 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_39) relating to India and Pakistan is adopted.

1949 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949) – Point Four Program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_Four_Program) a program for economic aid (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_aid) to poor countries announced by United States President Harry S. Truman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman) in his inaugural address (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaugural_address) for a full term as President.

1953 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953) – Dwight D. Eisenhower (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower) is inaugurated as the 34th President of the United States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States_of_America), becoming the first President to begin his presidency on January 20 following the ratification of the 20th Amendment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitut ion).

1961 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961) – John F. Kennedy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy) is inaugurated the 35th President of the United States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States_of_America), becoming the second youngest man to take the office, and the first catholic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic).

1969 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969) – Richard Nixon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon) is inaugurated the 37th President of the United States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States).

1972 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972) – Pakistan launched its nuclear weapons program (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction), a few weeks after its defeat in the Bangladesh Liberation War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War), as well as the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971).

1977 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977) – Jimmy Carter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter) is inaugurated the 39th President of the United States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States).

1981 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981) – Ronald Reagan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) is inaugurated the 40th President of the United States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States). Twenty minutes later, Iran (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) releases 52 American hostages (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis).

1986 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986) – In the United States, Martin Luther King, Jr. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.) Day is celebrated as a federal holiday (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._Day) for the first time.

1989 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989) – George H. W. Bush (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush) is inaugurated the 41st President of the United States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States).

1990 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990) – The Red Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army) crackdown on civil protests in Baku (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku), Azerbaijan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) during the dissolution of the Soviet Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union).

1993 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993) – Bill Clinton (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton) is inaugurated the 42nd President of the United States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States).

2001 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001) – George W. Bush (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) is inaugurated the 43rd President of the United States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States).

2007 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007) – Four-man Team N2i (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_N2i), using only skis and kites (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite_skiing), completes a 1,093-mile (1,759 km) trek to reach the Antarctic pole of inaccessibility (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_of_Inaccessibility_(Antarctic_research_statio n)) for the first time since 1965 and for the first time ever without mechanical assistance.

2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009) – A protest movement in Iceland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland) culminates as the 2009 Icelandic financial crisis protests (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Icelandic_financial_crisis_protests) start.

2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009) – Barack Obama (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) is inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States_of_America), becoming the first African-American (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American) President of the United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States).

2017 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017) – Donald Trump (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) is inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States of America (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States_of_America), becoming the oldest person to hold the office.

2018 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018) – The United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States) federal government shuts down (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_government_shutdown_of_2018) after the Senate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate) fails to pass a temporary funding bill (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuing_resolution).

CaptainCrunch

01-21-2018, 12:14 AM

Jan 21st

1535 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1535) – Following the Affair of the Placards (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affair_of_the_Placards), French Protestants are burned at the stake in front of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris)

1789 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1789) – The first American novel, The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_Sympathy), is printed in Boston (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston).

1793 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1793) – After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Convention), Louis XVI of France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France) is executed by guillotine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine).

1861 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861) – American Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War): Jefferson Davis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Davis) resigns from the United States Senate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate).

1908 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908) – New York City passes the Sullivan Ordinance (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullivan_Ordinance), making it illegal for women to smoke in public, only to have the measure vetoed by the mayor.

1911 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911) – The first Monte Carlo Rally (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Rally) takes place.

1941 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941) – Sparked by the murder of a German officer in Bucharest (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest), Romania (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania), the day before, members of the Iron Guard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Guard) engaged in a rebellion and pogrom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom) killing 125 Jews.

1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948) – The Flag of Quebec (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Quebec) is adopted and flown for the first time over the National Assembly of Quebec (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Quebec). The day is marked annually as Québec Flag Day.

1950 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950) – American lawyer and government official Alger Hiss (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alger_Hiss) is convicted of perjury (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjury).

1954 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954) – The first nuclear-powered (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_marine_propulsion) submarine, the USS Nautilus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)), is launched (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceremonial_ship_launching) in Groton, Connecticut (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groton,_Connecticut) by Mamie Eisenhower (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower), the First Lady of the United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States).

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1960 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960) – Little Joe 1B (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Joe_1B), a Mercury (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercury) spacecraft, lifts off from Wallops Island (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallops_Island), Virginia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia) with Miss Sam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Sam), a female rhesus monkey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhesus_macaque) on board.

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1968 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968) – Vietnam War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War): Battle of Khe Sanh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khe_Sanh): One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins.

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1968 – A B-52 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-52) bomber crashes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Thule_Air_Base_B-52_crash) near Thule Air Base (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thule_Air_Base), contaminating the area after its nuclear payload ruptures. One of the four bombs remains unaccounted for after the cleanup operation is complete.

1976 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976) – Commercial service of Concorde (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concorde) begins with the London-Bahrain and Paris-Rio (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concorde#Scheduled_flights) routes.

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1981 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981) – Production of the iconic DeLorean DMC-12 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeLorean_DMC-12) sports car begins in Dunmurry (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunmurry), Northern Ireland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland), United Kingdom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom).

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1997 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997) – The U.S. House of Representatives (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives) votes 395–28 to reprimand Newt Gingrich (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich) for ethics violations, making him the first Speaker of the House to be so disciplined.

1999 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999) – War on Drugs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_Drugs): In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the United States Coast Guard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard) intercepts a ship with over 4,300 kilograms (9,500 lb) of cocaine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine) on board.

2004 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004) – NASA (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA)'s MER-A (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MER-A) (the Mars Rover Spirit) ceases communication with mission control. The problem lies in the management of its flash memory (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory) and is fixed remotely from Earth on February 6.

2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009) - Israel withdraws from the Gaza Strip (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip), officially ending a three-week war it had with Hamas. However, intermittent air strikes by both sides continue in the weeks to follow.

2017 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017) – Over 400 cities across America and 160+ countries worldwide participate in a large-scale women's march (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March), on Donald Trump (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump)'s first full day as president of the United States.

CaptainCrunch

01-22-2018, 11:13 AM

Jan 22nd

613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (Caesar) by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.

871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by king Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vikings at Basing.

1506 – The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican.

1517 – The Ottoman Empire under Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and captures present-day Egypt at the Battle of Ridaniya.

1555 – The Ava Kingdom falls to the Taungoo Dynasty in what is now Burma.

1689 – The Convention Parliament convenes to determine whether James II and VII, the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Ireland and Scotland, had vacated the thrones of England and Ireland when he fled to France in 1688.

1808 – The Portuguese royal family arrives in Brazil after fleeing the French army's invasion of Portugal two months earlier.

1824 – The Ashantis defeat British forces in the Gold Coast.

1849 – Second Anglo-Sikh War: The Siege of Multan ends after nine months when the last Sikh defenders of Multan, Punjab, surrender.

1863 – The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to regain Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation by Russia.

1879 – The Battle of Isandlwana during the Anglo-Zulu War results in a British defeat.

1879 – The Battle of Rorke's Drift, also during the Anglo-Zulu War and just some 71km away from Isandlwana, results in a British victory.

1889 – Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, D.C.

1890 – The United Mine Workers of America is founded in Columbus, Ohio.

1901 – Edward VII is proclaimed King after the death of his mother, Queen Victoria.

1905 – Bloody Sunday in Saint Petersburg, beginning of the 1905 revolution.

1906 – SS Valencia runs aground on rocks on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, killing more than 130.

1915 – Over 600 people are killed in Guadalajara, Mexico, when a train plunges off the tracks into a deep canyon.

1917 – World War I: President Woodrow Wilson of the still-neutral United States calls for "peace without victory" in Europe.

1919 – Act Zluky is signed, unifying the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian National Republic.

1924 – Ramsay MacDonald becomes the first Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

1927 – Teddy Wakelam gives the first live radio commentary of a football match anywhere in the world, between Arsenal F.C. and Sheffield United at Highbury.

1941 – World War II: British and Commonwealth troops capture Tobruk from Italian forces during Operation Compass.

1943 – World War II: Australian and American forces defeat Japanese army and navy units in the bitterly-fought Battle of Buna–Gona.[1]

1944 – World War II: The Allies commence Operation Shingle, an assault on Anzio and Nettuno, Italy.

1946 – Creation of the Central Intelligence Group, forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency.

1947 – KTLA, the first commercial television station west of the Mississippi River, begins operation in Hollywood.

1957 – Israel withdraws from the Sinai Peninsula.

1957 – The New York City "Mad Bomber", George P. Metesky, is arrested in Waterbury, Connecticut and charged with planting more than 30 bombs.

1963 – The Élysée Treaty of cooperation between France and Germany is signed by Charles de Gaulle and Konrad Adenauer.

1968 – Apollo 5 lifts off carrying the first Lunar module into space.

1968 – Operation Igloo White, a US electronic surveillance system to stop communist infiltration into South Vietnam begins installation.

1970 – The Boeing 747, the world's first "jumbo jet", enters commercial service for launch customer Pan American Airways with its maiden voyage from John F. Kennedy International Airport to London Heathrow Airport.

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1971 – The Singapore Declaration, one of the two most important documents to the uncodified constitution of the Commonwealth of Nations, is issued.

1973 – The Supreme Court of the United States delivers its decisions in Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton, legalizing elective abortion in all fifty states.

1973 – The crew of Apollo 17 addresses a joint session of Congress after the completion of the final Apollo moon landing mission.

1973 – A chartered Boeing 707 explodes in flames upon landing at Kano Airport, Nigeria, killing 176.

1984 – The Apple Macintosh, the first consumer computer to popularize the computer mouse and the graphical user interface, is introduced during a Super Bowl XVIII television commercial.

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1987 – Philippine security forces open fire on a crowd of 10,000–15,000 demonstrators at Malacañang Palace, Manila, killing 13.

1992 – Rebel forces occupy Zaire's national radio station in Kinshasa and broadcast a demand for the government's resignation.

1992 – Space Shuttle program: Dr. Roberta Bondar becomes the first Canadian woman and the first neurologist in space.

1995 – Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Beit Lid massacre: In central Israel, near Netanya, two Gazans blow themselves up at a military transit point, killing 19 Israelis.

1999 – Australian missionary Graham Staines and his two sons are burned alive by radical Hindus while sleeping in their car in Eastern India.

2002 – Kmart becomes the largest retailer in United States history to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

2006 – Evo Morales is inaugurated as President of Bolivia, becoming the country's first indigenous president.

2007 – At least 88 people are killed when two car bombs explode in the Bab Al-Sharqi market in central Baghdad, Iraq.

2015 – An explosion near a civilian trolley-bus in Donetsk kills at least thirteen people.

CaptainCrunch

01-24-2018, 10:08 AM

Jan 24

AD 41 – Roman Emperor Caligula, known for his eccentricity and sadistic despotism, is assassinated by his disgruntled Praetorian Guards. The Guard then proclaims Caligula's uncle Claudius as Emperor

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1438 – The Council of Basel suspends Pope Eugene IV.

1458 – Matthias Corvinus becomes king of Hungary.

1624 – Afonso Mendes, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa.

1679 – King Charles II of England dissolves the Cavalier Parliament.

1739 – Peshva warrior Chimnaji Appa defeats Portuguese forces and captures Tarapur Fort, India.

1742 – Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

1758 – During the Seven Years' War the leading burghers of Königsberg submit to Elizabeth of Russia, thus forming Russian Prussia (until 1763)

1817 – Crossing of the Andes: Many soldiers of Juan Gregorio de las Heras are captured during the Action of Picheuta.

1835 – Slaves in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, stage a revolt, which is instrumental in ending slavery there 50 years later.

1848 – California Gold Rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento.

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1857 – The University of Calcutta is formally founded as the first fully fledged university in South Asia.

1859 – The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (later named Romania) formed as a personal union under the rule of Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza.

1862 – Bucharest is proclaimed the capital of Romania.

1900 – Second Boer War: Boers stop a British attempt to break the Siege of Ladysmith in the Battle of Spion Kop.

1908 – The first Boy Scout troop is organized in England by Robert Baden-Powell.

1915 – World War I: British Grand Fleet battle cruisers under Vice-Admiral Sir David Beatty engage Rear-Admiral Franz von Hipper's battle cruisers in the Battle of Dogger Bank.

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1916 – In Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., the Supreme Court of the United States declares the federal income tax constitutional.

1918 – The Gregorian calendar is introduced in Russia by decree of the Council of People's Commissars effective February 14(NS)

1933 – The 20th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, changing the beginning and end of terms for all elected federal offices.

1939 – The deadliest earthquake in Chilean history strikes Chillán, killing approximately 28,000 people.

1942 – World War II: The Allies bombard Bangkok, leading Thailand, then under Japanese control, to declare war against the United States and United Kingdom.

1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill conclude a conference in Casablanca.

1946 – The United Nations General Assembly passes its first resolution to establish the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission.

1960 – Algerian War: Some units of European volunteers in Algiers stage an insurrection known as the "barricades week", during which they seize government buildings and clash with local police.

1961 – Goldsboro B-52 crash: A bomber carrying two H-bombs breaks up in mid-air over North Carolina. The uranium core of one weapon remains lost.

1968 – Vietnam War: The 1st Australian Task Force launches Operation Coburg against the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong during wider fighting around Long Bình and Biên Hòa

1972 – Japanese Sgt. Shoichi Yokoi is found hiding in a Guam jungle, where he had been since the end of World War II.

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1977 – Atocha massacre occurs in Madrid during the Spanish transition to democracy.

1978 – Soviet satellite Kosmos 954, with a nuclear reactor on board, burns up in Earth's atmosphere, scattering radioactive debris over Canada's Northwest Territories. Only 1% is recovered.

1984 – Apple Computer places the Macintosh personal computer on sale in the United States.

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1989 – Notorious serial killer Ted Bundy, with over 30 known victims, is executed by the electric chair at the Florida State Prison

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1990 – Japan launches Hiten, the country's first lunar probe, the first robotic lunar probe since the Soviet Union's Luna 24 in 1976, and the first lunar probe launched by a country other than Soviet Union or the United States.

2003 – The United States Department of Homeland Security officially begins operation.

2009 – Cyclone Klaus makes landfall near Bordeaux, France, causing 26 deaths as well as extensive disruptions to public transport and power supplies.

2011 – At least 35 die and 180 are injured in a bombing at Moscow's Domodedovo Airport.

CaptainCrunch

01-24-2018, 10:09 AM

Buff

01-24-2018, 04:44 PM

So I've made a format change to this.

All historical events will be posted, I won't be selective.

If its a event that I think is interesting, I will post additional information, like video's or photo's or even commentary or links.

Thanks

No. Thanks go to you for putting in the effort!

Sometimes, if I thought what you posted was interesting, then I would go and do my own deeper reading on the subject.

CaptainCrunch

01-24-2018, 05:05 PM

Jan 25th

AD 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate.

750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to overthrow of the dynasty.

1348 – A strong earthquake strikes the South Alpine region of Friuli in modern Italy, causing considerable damage to buildings as far away as Rome.

1494 – Alfonso II becomes king of Naples.

1515 – Coronation of Francis I of France.

1533 – Henry VIII of England secretly marries his second wife Anne Boleyn.

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1554 – Founding of São Paulo city, Brazil.

1573 – Battle of Mikatagahara: In Japan, Takeda Shingen defeats Tokugawa Ieyasu.

1575 – Luanda, the capital of Angola, is founded by the Portuguese navigator Paulo Dias de Novais.

1704 – The Battle of Ayubale results in the destruction of most of the Spanish missions in Florida.

1755 – Moscow University is established on Tatiana Day.

1765 – Port Egmont, the first British settlement in the Falkland Islands at the southern tip of South America, is founded.

1787 – Shays's Rebellion: The rebellion's largest confrontation, outside the Springfield Armory, results in the killing of four rebels and the wounding of twenty.

1791 – The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act of 1791 and splits the old Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada.

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1792 – The London Corresponding Society is founded.

1858 – The Wedding March by Felix Mendelssohn is played at the marriage of Queen Victoria's daughter, Victoria, and Friedrich of Prussia, and becomes a popular wedding processional.

1879 – The Bulgarian National Bank is founded.

1881 – Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company.

1890 – Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days.

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1909 – Richard Strauss's opera Elektra receives its debut performance at the Dresden State Opera.

1915 – Alexander Graham Bell inaugurates U.S. transcontinental telephone service, speaking from New York to Thomas Watson in San Francisco.

1918 – The Ukrainian People's Republic declares independence from Bolshevik Russia.

1924 – The 1924 Winter Olympics opens in Chamonix, in the French Alps, inaugurating the Winter Olympic Games.

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1932 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese National Revolutionary Army begins the defense of Harbin.

1937 – The Guiding Light debuts on NBC radio from Chicago. In 1952 it moves to CBS television, where it remains until September 18, 2009.

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1941 – Pope Pius XII elevates the Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands to the dignity of a diocese. It becomes the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu.

1942 – World War II: Thailand declares war on the United States and United Kingdom.

1945 – World War II: The Battle of the Bulge ends.

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1946 – The United Mine Workers rejoins the American Federation of Labor.

1947 – Thomas Goldsmith Jr. files a patent for a "Cathode Ray Tube Amusement Device", the first ever electronic game.

1949 – The first Emmy Awards are presented; the venue is the Hollywood Athletic Club.

1960 – The National Association of Broadcasters reacts to the "payola" scandal by threatening fines for any disc jockeys who accept money for playing particular records.

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1961 – In Washington, D.C., President John F. Kennedy delivers the first live presidential television news conference.

1964 – Blue Ribbon Sports is founded by University of Oregon track and field athletes, which would later become Nike.

1969 – Brazilian Army captain Carlos Lamarca deserts in order to fight against the military dictatorship, taking with him ten machine guns and 63 rifles.

1971 – Charles Manson and three female "Family" members are found guilty of the 1969 Tate–LaBianca murders.

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1971 – Idi Amin leads a coup deposing Milton Obote and becomes Uganda's president.

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1979 – Pope John Paul II starts his first official papal visits outside Italy to The Bahamas, Dominican Republic and Mexico.

1980 – Mother Teresa is honored with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna

1986 – The National Resistance Movement topples the government of Tito Okello in Uganda.

1993 – Five people are shot outside the CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia. Two are killed and three wounded.

1995 – The Norwegian rocket incident: Russia almost launches a nuclear attack after it mistakes Black Brant XII, a Norwegian research rocket, for a US Trident missile.

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1996 – Billy Bailey becomes the last person to be hanged in the U.S.A.

1998 – During a historic visit to Cuba, Pope John Paul II demands political reforms and the release of political prisoners while condemning US attempts to isolate the country.

1998 – A suicide attack by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam on Sri Lanka's Temple of the Tooth kills eight and injures 25 others.

1999 – A 6.0 Richter scale earthquake hits western Colombia killing at least 1,000.

2003 – Invasion of Iraq: A group of people leave London, England, for Baghdad, Iraq, to serve as human shields, intending to prevent the U.S.-led coalition troops from bombing certain locations.

2005 – A stampede at the Mandhradevi temple in Maharashtra, India kills at least 258.

2006 – Mexican professional wrestler Juana Barraza is arrested in connection with the serial killing of at least ten elderly women.

2011 – The first wave of the Egyptian revolution begins throughout the country, marked by street demonstrations, rallies, acts of civil disobedience, riots, labour strikes, and violent clashes.

2013 – At least 50 people are killed and 120 people are injured in a prison riot in Barquisimeto, Venezuela.

2015 – A clash in Mamasapano, Maguindanao in the Philippines killing 44 members of Special Action Force (SAF), at least 18 from the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and five from the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom
( posted early)

CaptainCrunch

01-25-2018, 06:21 PM

Jan 26th

1500 – Vicente Yáñez Pinzón becomes the first European to set foot on Brazil.

1531 – The Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.

1564 – The Council of Trent establishes an official distinction between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.

1564 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Tsardom of Russia in the Battle of Ula during the Livonian War.

1565 – Battle of Talikota, fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan sultanates, leads to the subjugation, and eventual destruction of the last Hindu kingdom in India, and the consolidation of Islamic rule over much of the Indian subcontinent.

1699 – For the first time, the Ottoman Empire permanently cedes territory to the Christian powers.

1700 – The Cascadia earthquake takes place off the west coast of North America, as evidenced by Japanese records.

1736 – Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne.

1788 – The British First Fleet, led by Arthur Phillip, sails into Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) to establish Sydney, the first permanent European settlement on the continent. Commemorated as Australia Day.

1808 – The Rum Rebellion is the only successful (albeit short-lived) armed takeover of the government in Australia.

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1837 – Michigan is admitted as the 26th U.S. state.

1838 – Tennessee enacts the first prohibition law in the United States

1841 – James Bremer takes formal possession of Hong Kong Island at what is now Possession Point, establishing British Hong Kong.

1855 – Point No Point Treaty is signed in Washington Territory.

1856 – First Battle of Seattle. Marines from the USS Decatur drive off American Indian attackers after all day battle with settlers.

1861 – American Civil War: The state of Louisiana secedes from the Union.

1863 – American Civil War: General Ambrose Burnside is relieved of command of the Army of the Potomac after the disastrous Fredericksburg campaign. He is replaced by Joseph Hooker.

1863 – American Civil War: Governor of Massachusetts John Albion Andrew receives permission from the Secretary of War to raise a militia organization for men of African descent.

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(Note: this lead to the raising of the 55th and 54th volunteer infantry regiments, the 54th was commanded by Robert Gould Shaw, you might recall this from the movie Glory, one of the most well known black military units in history)

1870 – Reconstruction Era: Virginia rejoins the Union.

1885 – Troops loyal to The Mahdi conquer Khartoum, killing the Governor-General Charles George Gordon.

1905 – The world's largest diamond ever, the Cullinan weighing 3,106.75 carats (0.621350 kg), is found at the Premier Mine near Pretoria in South Africa.

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1911 – Glenn H. Curtiss flies the first successful American seaplane.

1915 – The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the U.S. Congress.

1918 – Finnish Civil War: A group of Red Guards hangs a red lantern atop the tower of Helsinki Workers' Hall to symbolically mark the start of the war.

1920 – Former Ford Motor Company executive Henry Leland launches the Lincoln Motor Company which he later sold to his former employer.

1926 – The first demonstration of the television by John Logie Baird.

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1930 – The Indian National Congress declares 26 January as Independence Day or as the day for Poorna Swaraj ("Complete Independence") which occurred 17 years later.

1934 – The Apollo Theater reopens in Harlem, New York City.

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1934 – German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed.

1939 – Spanish Civil War: Catalonia Offensive: Troops loyal to nationalist General Francisco Franco and aided by Italy take Barcelona.

1942 – World War II: The first United States forces arrive in Europe landing in Northern Ireland.

1945 – World War II: The Red Army begins encircling the German Fourth Army near Heiligenbeil in East Prussia, which will end in destruction of the 4th Army two months later.

1945 – World War II: Audie Murphy displays valor and bravery in action for which he will later be awarded the Medal of Honor.

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1949 – The Hale telescope at Palomar Observatory sees first light under the direction of Edwin Hubble, becoming the largest aperture optical telescope (until BTA-6 is built in 1976).

1950 – The Constitution of India comes into force, forming a republic. Rajendra Prasad is sworn in as its first President of India. Observed as Republic Day in India.

1952 – Black Saturday in Egypt: rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.

1956 – Soviet Union cedes Porkkala back to Finland.

1961 – John F. Kennedy appoints Janet G. Travell to be the first woman Physician to the President.

1962 – Ranger 3 is launched to study the Moon. The space probe later misses the moon by 22,000 miles (35,400 km).

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1965 – Hindi becomes the official language of India.

1980 – Israel and Egypt establish diplomatic relations.

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1986 – The Ugandan government of Tito Okello is overthrown by the National Resistance Army, led by Yoweri Museveni.

1991 – Mohamed Siad Barre is removed from power in Somalia, ending centralized government, and is succeeded by Ali Mahdi.

1992 – Boris Yeltsin announces that Russia will stop targeting United States cities with nuclear weapons.

1998 – Lewinsky scandal: On American television, U.S. President Bill Clinton denies having had "sexual relations" with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky.

2001 – The 7.7 Mw Gujarat earthquake shakes Western India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), leaving 13,805–20,023 dead and about 166,800 injured.

2009 – Rioting breaks out in Antananarivo, Madagascar, sparking a political crisis that will result in the replacement of President Marc Ravalomanana with Andry Rajoelina.

2015 – An aircraft crashes at Los Llanos Air Base in Albacete, Spain, killing 11 people and injuring 21 others.

CaptainCrunch

01-26-2018, 07:33 PM

Jan 27th

AD 98 – Trajan succeeded his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire would reach its maximum extent.

945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown. Constantine VII becomes sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

1142 – Song dynasty General Yue Fei is executed.

1186 – Henry VI, the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, marries Constance of Sicily.

1302 – Dante Alighieri is exiled from Florence.

1343 – Pope Clement VI issues the papal bull Unigenitus to justify the power of the pope and the use of indulgences. Nearly 200 years later, Martin Luther would protest this.

1606 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins, ending with their execution on January 31.

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1695 – Mustafa II becomes the Ottoman sultan and Caliph of Islam in Istanbul on the death of Ahmed II. Mustafa rules until his abdication in 1703.

1776 – American Revolutionary War: Henry Knox's "noble train of artillery" arrives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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1785 – The University of Georgia is founded, the first public university in the United States.

1820 – A Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev discovers the Antarctic continent, approaching the Antarctic coast.

1825 – The U.S. Congress approves Indian Territory (in what is present-day Oklahoma), clearing the way for forced relocation of the Eastern Indians on the "Trail of Tears".

1868 – Boshin War: The Battle of Toba–Fushimi between forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and pro-Imperial factions begins, which will end in defeat for the shogunate, and is a pivotal point in the Meiji Restoration.

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1869 – Boshin War: Tokugawa rebels establish the Ezo Republic in Hokkaidō.

1880 – Thomas Edison receives the patent on the incandescent lamp.

1927 – Ibn Saud takes the title of King of Nejd.

1939 – First flight of the Lockheed P-38 Lightning.

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1943 – World War II: The Eighth Air Force sorties ninety-one B-17s and B-24s to attack the U-boat construction yards at Wilhelmshaven, Germany. This was the first American bombing attack on Germany. The Memphis Belle took part in this raid, this was mission 16 of 29

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1944 – World War II: The 900-day Siege of Leningrad is lifted.

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1945 – World War II: The Red Army liberates the remaining inmates of Auschwitz-Birkenau.

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1951 – Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site begins with Operation Ranger.

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1961 – The Soviet submarine S-80 sinks when its snorkel malfunctions, flooding the boat.

1967 – Astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee are killed in a fire during a test of their Apollo 1 spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

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1967 – United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union sign the Outer Space Treaty in Washington, D.C., banning deployment of nuclear weapons in space, and limiting use of the Moon and other celestial bodies to peaceful purposes.

1973 – The Paris Peace Accords officially end the Vietnam War. Colonel William Nolde is killed in action becoming the conflict's last recorded American combat casualty.

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1980 – Through cooperation between the U.S. and Canadian governments, six American diplomats secretly escape hostilities in Iran in the culmination of the Canadian Caper.

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1983 – The pilot shaft of the Seikan Tunnel, the world's longest sub-aqueous tunnel (53.85 km) between the Japanese islands of Honshū and Hokkaidō, breaks through.

1996 – In a military coup Colonel Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara deposes the first democratically elected president of Niger, Mahamane Ousmane.

1996 – Germany first observes International Holocaust Remembrance Day.

2002 – An explosion at a military storage facility in Lagos, Nigeria, kills at least 1,100 people and displaces over 20,000 others.

2003 – The first selections for the National Recording Registry are announced by the Library of Congress.

2010 – The 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis ends when Porfirio Lobo Sosa becomes the new President of Honduras.

2011 – Arab Spring: The Yemeni Revolution begins as over 16,000 protestors demonstrate in Sana'a.

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2013 – Two hundred and forty-two people die in a nightclub fire in the Brazilian city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul.

CaptainCrunch

01-27-2018, 11:38 PM

Jan 28th

814 – Charlemagne dies of pleurisy in Aachen as the first Holy Roman Emperor. He is succeeded by his son Louis the Pious as king of the Frankish Empire.

946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler of the Buyid Empire. He is succeeded by Al-Muti as caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate.

1069 – Robert de Comines, the Earl of Northumbria, is killed while attempting to subdue rebels in Durham, England. This leads to the Harrying of the North by William the Conqueror.

1077 – Walk to Canossa: The excommunication of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor is lifted.

1393 – King Charles VI of France is nearly killed when several dancers' costumes catch fire during a masquerade ball.

1521 – The Diet of Worms begins, lasting until May 25.

1547 – Henry VIII dies. His nine-year-old son, Edward VI, becomes king.

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1568 – The Edict of Torda prohibited the persecution of individuals on religious ground in John Sigismund Zápolya's Eastern Hungarian Kingdom.

1573 – Articles of the Warsaw Confederation are signed, sanctioning freedom of religion in Poland.

1624 – Sir Thomas Warner founds the first British colony in the Caribbean, on the island of Saint Kitts.

1724 – The Russian Academy of Sciences is founded in St. Petersburg by Peter the Great, and implemented by Senate decree. It is called the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences until 1917.

1754 – Sir Horace Walpole coins the word serendipity in a letter to a friend.

1813 – Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice is first published in the United Kingdom.

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1846 – The Battle of Aliwal, India, is won by British troops commanded by Sir Harry Smith.

1851 – Northwestern University becomes the first chartered university in Illinois.

1855 – A locomotive on the Panama Canal Railway runs from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean for the first time.

1871 – Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Paris ends in French defeat and an armistice.

1878 – Yale Daily News becomes the first daily college newspaper in the United States.

1896 – Walter Arnold of East Peckham, Kent, becomes the first person to be convicted of speeding. He was fined one shilling, plus costs, for speeding at 8 mph (13 km/h), thereby exceeding the contemporary speed limit of 2 mph (3.2 km/h).

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1902 – The Carnegie Institution of Washington is founded in Washington, D.C. with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie.

1908 – Members of the Portuguese Republican Party fail in their attempted coup d'état against the administrative dictatorship of Prime Minister João Franco.

1909 – United States troops leave Cuba with the exception of Guantanamo Bay Naval Base after being there since the Spanish–American War.

1915 – An act of the U.S. Congress creates the United States Coast Guard as a branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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1918 – Finnish Civil War: The Red Guard rebels seize control of the capital, Helsinki; members of the Senate of Finland go underground.

1920 – Foundation of the Spanish Legion.

1922 – Knickerbocker Storm, Washington D.C.'s biggest snowfall, causes the city's greatest loss of life when the roof of the Knickerbocker Theatre collapses.

1932 – Japanese forces attack Shanghai.

1933 – The name Pakistan is coined by Choudhry Rahmat Ali Khan and is accepted by Indian Muslims who then thereby adopted it further for the Pakistan Movement seeking independence.

1935 – Iceland becomes the first Western country to legalize therapeutic abortion.

1938 – The World Land Speed Record on a public road is broken by Rudolf Caracciola in the Mercedes-Benz W195 at a speed of 432.7 kilometres per hour (268.9 mph).

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1941 – Franco-Thai War: Final air battle of the conflict. A Japanese-mediated armistice goes into effect later in the day.

1945 – World War II: Supplies begin to reach the Republic of China over the newly reopened Burma Road.

1956 – Elvis Presley makes his first national television appearance.

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1958 – The Lego company patents the design of its Lego bricks, still compatible with bricks produced today.

1960 – The National Football League announced expansion teams for Dallas to start in the 1960 NFL season and Minneapolis-St. Paul for 1961 NFL season.

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1964 – An unarmed United States Air Force T-39 Sabreliner on a training mission is shot down over Erfurt, East Germany, by a Soviet MiG-19.

1965 – The current design of the Flag of Canada is chosen by an act of Parliament.

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1977 – The first day of the Great Lakes Blizzard of 1977 which dumps 10 feet (3.0 m) of snow in one day in Upstate New York, with Buffalo, Syracuse, Watertown, and surrounding areas are most affected.

1980 – USCGC Blackthorn collides with the tanker Capricorn while leaving Tampa, Florida and capsizes, killing 23 Coast Guard crewmembers.

1981 – Ronald Reagan lifts remaining domestic petroleum price and allocation controls in the United States helping to end the 1979 energy crisis and begin the 1980s oil glut.

1982 – US Army general James L. Dozier is rescued by Italian anti-terrorism forces from captivity by the Red Brigades.

1984 – Tropical Storm Domoina makes landfall in southern Mozambique, eventually causing 214 deaths and some of the most severe flooding so far recorded in the region.

1985 – Supergroup USA for Africa (United Support of Artists for Africa) records the hit single We Are the World, to help raise funds for Ethiopian famine relief.

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1986 – Space Shuttle program: STS-51-L mission: Space Shuttle Challenger explodes after liftoff, killing all seven astronauts on board.

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1988 – In R v Morgentaler the Supreme Court of Canada strikes down all anti-abortion laws.

2002 – TAME Flight 120, a Boeing 727-100 crashes in the Andes mountains in southern Colombia, killing 92.

2006 – The roof of one of the buildings at the Katowice International Fair in Poland, collapses due to the weight of snow, killing 65 and injuring more than 170 others.

2016 - The World Health Organization announces an outbreak of the Zika virus.

CaptainCrunch

01-28-2018, 12:13 AM

I kind of wanted to add to the 1986 Challenger disaster, that I remember that I was in the school library at EP Scarlett during a spare studying desperately for my math mid term. To be honest, I truly sucked at Math and Chemistry, but other courses like Social Studies, and English and Biology I could walk into the exam room and ace them without breaking a sweat. But I was sweating that day because I was probably facing a summer at school making up the grade.

I remember that I was in one of the little booths studying and still not getting it, the Librarian turned on the TV so that we could have the launch in the background. You see, back in 1986 Space Travel was still a thing, and this one was huge Christie McAulffie was going into space. She wasn't a pilot of some kind of space ace specialists. She was a teacher who had been selected from 10's of thousands of applicants to basically be the first everyman in space.

Sadly she never got there.

I remember hearing the countdown and looking up, because I always liked the launch sequence, and then looked back at my book, you could here it in the background as I worked on some word problem, that in a few seconds would be really unimportant.

I remember hearing the throttle up command, but I didn't look up, until I heard a girl in the booth next to mine yell loudly holy sh$t. Now frankly in those days that would have gotten you a weeks detention after writing up a case statement for the Principle, but I don't think that anyone cared. I looked up at the image on TV of the fireball and the solid boosters spiraling away and I remember my mind saying "That's not right", I remember that every single student in the library stood up and walked over to the TV to watch, and we watched through that period and just listened.

To me the Shuttle disaster was almost like the end of optimism in a decade full of it.

I also had to write a exam that I was now unprepared for it.

Summer school sucked.

CaptainCrunch

01-28-2018, 06:12 PM

661 – The Rashidun Caliphate ends with the death of Ali, and the Imamah of the Shia going to the second Imam, Hassan ibn Ali

757 – An Lushan, leader of a revolt against the Tang dynasty and emperor of Yan, is murdered by his own son, An Qingxu.

904 – Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.

1258 – First Mongol invasion of Đại Việt: Đại Việt defeats the Mongols at the battle of Đông Bộ Đầu, forcing the Mongols to withdraw from the country.

1790 – The first boat specializing as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.

1814 – War of the Sixth Coalition: France defeats Russia and Prussia in the Battle of Brienne.

1819 – Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore.

1834 – US President Andrew Jackson orders first use of federal soldiers to suppress a labor dispute.

1845 – "The Raven" is published in The Evening Mirror in New York, the first publication with the name of the author, Edgar Allan Poe

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1850 – Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the U.S. Congress.

1856 – Queen Victoria issues a Warrant under the Royal sign-manual that establishes the Victoria Cross to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War.

1861 – Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state.

1863 – The Bear River Massacre: A detachment of California Volunteers led by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor engage the Shoshone at Bear River, Washington Territory, killing hundreds of men women and children.

1886 – Karl Benz patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile.

1891 – Liliuokalani is proclaimed the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

1907 – Charles Curtis of Kansas becomes the first Native American U.S. Senator.

1916 – World War I: Paris is first bombed by German zeppelins.

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1918 – Ukrainian–Soviet War: The Bolshevik Red Army, on its way to besiege Kiev, is met by a small group of military students at the Battle of Kruty.

1918 – Ukrainian–Soviet War: An armed uprising organized by the Bolsheviks in anticipation of the encroaching Red Army begins at the Kiev Arsenal, which will be put down six days later.

1936 – The first inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame are announced.

1941 – Alexandros Koryzis becomes Prime Minister of Greece upon the sudden death of his predecessor, dictator Ioannis Metaxas.

1943 – The first day of the Battle of Rennell Island, U.S. cruiser Chicago is torpedoed and heavily damaged by Japanese bombers.

1944 – World War II: Approximately 38 people are killed and about a dozen injured when the Polish village of Koniuchy (present-day Kaniūkai, Lithuania) is attacked by Soviet partisan units.

1959 – The first Melodifestivalen is held in Stockholm, Sweden.

1963 – The first inductees into the Pro Football Hall of Fame are announced.

1967 – The "ultimate high" of the hippie era, the Mantra-Rock Dance, takes place in San Francisco and features Janis Joplin, Grateful Dead, and Allen Ginsberg.

1989 – Hungary establishes diplomatic relations with South Korea, making it the first Eastern Bloc nation to do so.

1991 – Gulf War: The Battle of Khafji, the first major ground engagement of the war, as well as its deadliest, begins.

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1996 – President Jacques Chirac announces a "definitive end" to French nuclear weapons testing.

2001 – Thousands of student protesters in Indonesia storm parliament and demand that President Abdurrahman Wahid resign due to alleged involvement in corruption scandals.

2002 – In his State of the Union address, President George W. Bush describes "regimes that sponsor terror" as an Axis of evil, in which he includes Iraq, Iran and North Korea.

2005 – The first direct commercial flights from mainland China (from Guangzhou) to Taiwan since 1949 arrived in Taipei. Shortly afterwards, a China Airlines flight lands in Beijing.

2009 – The Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt rules that people who do not adhere to one of the three government-recognised religions, while not allowed to list any belief outside of those three, are still eligible to receive government identity documents.

2009 – Governor of Illinois Rod Blagojevich is removed from office following his conviction of several corruption charges, including the alleged solicitation of personal benefit in exchange for an appointment to the United States Senate as a replacement for then-U.S. president-elect Barack Obama.

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2013 – SCAT Airlines Flight 760 crashes near the Kazakh city of Almaty, killing 21 people.

2017 – Quebec City mosque shooting Alexandre Bissonnette opens fire at mosque in Sainte-Foy, Quebec, killing six and wounding 19 others in a spree shooting.

CaptainCrunch

01-29-2018, 01:53 PM

Jan 30

516 BCE – The Second Temple of Jerusalem finishes construction.

1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.

1607 – An estimated 200 square miles (51,800 ha) along the coasts of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary in England are destroyed by massive flooding, resulting in an estimated 2,000 deaths.

1648 – Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster and Osnabrück is signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain.

1649 – King Charles I of England is beheaded.

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1661 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, is ritually executed more than two years after his death, on the 12th anniversary of the execution of the monarch he himself deposed.

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1703 – The Forty-seven Ronin, under the command of Ōishi Kuranosuke, avenge the death of their master.

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1789 – Tây Sơn forces emerge victorious against Qing armies and liberate the capital Thăng Long.

1806 – The original Lower Trenton Bridge (also called the Trenton Makes the World Takes Bridge), which spans the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.

1820 – Edward Bransfield sights the Trinity Peninsula and claims the discovery of Antarctica.

1826 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, considered the world's first modern suspension bridge, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the north West coast of Wales, is opened.

1835 – In the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States, Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot president Andrew Jackson, but fails and is subdued by a crowd, including several congressmen as well as Jackson himself.

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This assassination attempt resulted in two failed pistol attempts by Lawrence, followed by a massive beatdown of Lawrence by Jackson.

1847 – Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco, California.

1858 – The first Hallé concert is given in Manchester, England, marking the official founding of The Hallé orchestra as a full-time, professional orchestra.

1862 – The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.

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1889 – Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in the Mayerling.

1902 – The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed in London.

1908 – Indian pacifist and leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is released from prison by Jan C. Smuts after being tried and sentenced to two months in jail earlier in the month.

1911 – The destroyer USS Terry makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of Douglas McCurdy ten miles from Havana, Cuba.

1925 – The Government of Turkey expels Patriarch Constantine VI from Istanbul.

1930 – The Politburo of the Soviet Union orders the extermination of the Kulaks.

1933 – Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.

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1942 – World War II: Battle of Ambon. Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies. Some 300 captured Allied troops are massacred at Laha airfield. Three-fourths of remaining POWs did not survive at the end of the war, including 250 men who were shipped to Hainan Island in South China Sea and never returned.

1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cisterna, part of Operation Shingle, begins in central Italy.

1945 – World War II: The Wilhelm Gustloff, overfilled with German refugees, sinks in the Baltic Sea after being torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, killing approximately 9,500 people.

1945 – World War II: Raid at Cabanatuan: One hundred twenty-six American Rangers and Filipino resistance fighters liberate over 500 Allied prisoners from the Japanese-controlled Cabanatuan POW camp.

1948 – Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.

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1956 – African-American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

1959 – MS Hans Hedtoft, said to be the safest ship afloat and "unsinkable" like the RMS Titanic, strikes an iceberg on her maiden voyage and sinks, killing all 95 aboard.

1960 – The African National Party is founded in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties.

1964 – In a bloodless coup, General Nguyễn Khánh overthrows General Dương Văn Minh's military junta in South Vietnam.

1968 – Vietnam War: Tet Offensive launch by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army against South Vietnam, the United States, and their allies.

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1969 – The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.

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1972 – The Troubles: Bloody Sunday: British paratroopers open fire on anti-internment marchers in Derry, Northern Ireland, killing 13 people; another person later dies of injuries sustained.

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1975 – The Monitor National Marine Sanctuary is established as the first United States National Marine Sanctuary.

1979 – A Varig Boeing 707-323C freighter, flown by the same commander as Flight 820, disappears over the Pacific Ocean 30 minutes after taking off from Tokyo.

1982 – Richard Skrenta writes the first PC virus code, which is 400 lines long and disguised as an Apple boot program called "Elk Cloner".

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1989 – Closure of the American embassy in Kabul, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

1995 – Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease.

2000 – Off the coast of Ivory Coast, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.

2013 – Naro-1 becomes the first carrier rocket launched by South Korea.

CaptainCrunch

01-30-2018, 03:35 PM

Jan 31

314 – Pope Sylvester I succeeds Pope Miltiades.

1504 – The Treaty of Lyon ends the Italian War, confirming French domination of northern Italy, while Spain receives the Kingdom of Naples.

1578 – The Battle of Gembloux takes place.

1606 – Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is executed for plotting against Parliament and King James.

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1747 – The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Lock Hospital.

1801 – John Marshall is appointed the Chief Justice of the United States.

1814 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (present-day Argentina).

1846 – After the Milwaukee Bridge War, Juneautown and Kilbourntown unify as the City of Milwaukee.

1848 – John C. Frémont is court-martialed for mutiny and disobeying orders.

1862 – Alvan Graham Clark discovers the white dwarf star Sirius B, a companion of Sirius, through an 18.5-inch (47 cm) telescope now located at Northwestern University.

1865 – American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery and submits it to the states for ratification.

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1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.

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1891 – History of Portugal: The first attempt at a Portuguese republican revolution breaks out in the northern city of Porto.

1897 – Czechoslav Trade Union Association is founded in Prague.

1900 – Datu Muhammad Salleh is killed in Kampung Teboh, Tambunan, ending the Mat Salleh Rebellion.

1915 – World War I: Germany is the first to make large-scale use of poison gas in warfare in the Battle of Bolimów against Russia.

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1917 – World War I: Germany announces that its U-boats will resume unrestricted submarine warfare after a two-year hiatus.

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1918 – A series of accidental collisions on a misty Scottish night leads to the loss of two Royal Navy submarines with over a hundred lives, and damage to another five British warships.

1919 – The Battle of George Square takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.

1929 – The Soviet Union exiles Leon Trotsky.

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1930 – 3M begins marketing Scotch Tape.

1942 – World War II: Allied forces are defeated by the Japanese at the Battle of Malaya and retreat to Singapore.

1943 – World War II: German Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrenders to the Soviets at Stalingrad, followed 2 days later by the remainder of his Sixth Army, ending one of the war's fiercest battles.

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1944 – World War II: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.

1944 – World War II: During the Anzio campaign the 1st Ranger Battalion (Darby's Rangers) is destroyed behind enemy lines in a heavily outnumbered encounter at Battle of Cisterna, Italy.

1945 – US Army private Eddie Slovik is executed for desertion, the first such execution of an American soldier since the Civil War.

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1945 – World War II: About 3,000 inmates from the Stutthof concentration camp are forcibly marched into the Baltic Sea at Palmnicken (now Yantarny, Russia) and executed.

1945 – World War II: The end of fighting in the Battle of Hill 170 during the Burma Campaign, in which the British 3 Commando Brigade repulsed a Japanese counterattack on their positions and precipitated a general retirement from the Arakan Peninsula.

1946 – Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling that of the Soviet Union, establishes six constituent republics (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia).

1946 – The Democratic Republic of Vietnam introduces the đồng to replace the French Indochinese piastre at par.

1949 – These Are My Children, the first television daytime soap opera is broadcast by the NBC station in Chicago.

1950 – United States President Harry S. Truman announces a program to develop the hydrogen bomb.

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1953 – A North Sea flood causes over 1,800 deaths in the Netherlands and over 300 in the United Kingdom

1957 – Eight people on the ground in Pacoima, California are killed following the mid-air collision between a Douglas DC-7 airliner and a Northrop F-89 Scorpion fighter jet.

1958 – The first successful American satellite detects the Van Allen radiation belt.

1961 – Project Mercury: Mercury-Redstone 2: Ham the Chimp travels into outer space.

1966 – The Soviet Union launches the unmanned Luna 9 spacecraft as part of the Luna program.

1968 – Vietnam War: Viet Cong guerrillas attack the United States embassy in Saigon, and other attacks, in the early morning hours, later grouped together as the Tet Offensive.

1968 – Nauru gains independence from Australia.

1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 14: Astronauts Alan Shepard, Stuart Roosa, and Edgar Mitchell, aboard a Saturn V, lift off for a mission to the Fra Mauro Highlands on the Moon.

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1971 – The Winter Soldier Investigation, organized by the Vietnam Veterans Against the War to publicize war crimes and atrocities by Americans and allies in Vietnam, begins in Detroit.

1996 – An explosives-filled truck rams into the gates of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka in Colombo, killing at least 86 people and injuring 1,400.

2000 – Alaska Airlines Flight 261 crash: An MD-83, experiencing horizontal stabilizer problems, crashes in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Point Mugu, California, killing all 88 aboard.

2001 – In the Netherlands, a Scottish court convicts Libyan Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and acquits another Libyan citizen for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988.

2009 – In Kenya, at least 113 people are killed and over 200 injured following an oil spillage ignition in Molo, days after a massive fire at a Nakumatt supermarket in Nairobi killed at least 25 people.

2012 – The Toyota Corolla is known as the best-selling car of all time. Selling over 37.5 million units.

CaptainCrunch

01-31-2018, 02:07 PM

Feb 1

481 – Vandal king Huneric organises a conference between Catholic and Arian bishops at Carthage.

1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.

1329 – King John of Bohemia captures Medvėgalis, an important fortress of the pagan Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and baptizes 6,000 of its defenders

1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights (Prussia).

1662 – The Chinese general Koxinga seizes the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege.

1713 – The Kalabalik or Tumult in Bendery results from the Ottoman sultan's order that his unwelcome guest, King Charles XII of Sweden, be seized.

1793 – French Revolutionary Wars: France declares war on the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.

1796 – The capital of Upper Canada is moved from Newark to York.

1814 – Mayon in the Philippines erupts, killing around 1,200 people, the most devastating eruption of the volcano.

1835 – Slavery is abolished in Mauritius.

1861 – American Civil War: Texas secedes from the United States.

1864 – Second Schleswig War: Prussian forces crossed the border into Schleswig, starting the war.

1865 – President Abraham Lincoln signs the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

1884 – The first volume (A to Ant) of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.

1893 – Thomas A. Edison finishes construction of the first motion picture studio, the Black Maria in West Orange, New Jersey.

1895 – Fountains Valley, Pretoria, the oldest nature reserve in Africa, is proclaimed by President Paul Kruger.

1896 – La bohème premieres in Turin at the Teatro Regio (Turin), conducted by the young Arturo Toscanini.

1897 – Shinhan Bank, the oldest bank in South Korea, opens in Seoul.

1908 – Lisbon Regicide: King Carlos I of Portugal and Infante Luis Filipe are shot dead in Lisbon.

1918 – Russia adopts the Gregorian calendar.

1924 – The United Kingdom recognizes the USSR.

1942 – World War II: Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar of German-occupied Norway, appoints Vidkun Quisling the Minister President of the National Government.

1942 – World War II: U.S. Navy conducts Marshalls–Gilberts raids, the first offensive action by the United States against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater.

1942 – Voice of America, the official external radio and television service of the United States government, begins broadcasting with programs aimed at areas controlled by the Axis powers.

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1942 – Mao Zedong makes a speech on "Reform in Learning, the Party and Literature", which puts into motion the Yan'an Rectification Movement.

1946 – Trygve Lie of Norway is picked to be the first United Nations Secretary-General.

1946 – The Parliament of Hungary abolishes the monarchy after nine centuries, and proclaims the Hungarian Republic.

1953 – North Sea flood of 1953 is caused by a heavy storm which occurred overnight, 31 January-1 February 1953; floods strike the Netherlands, Belgium and the U.K.

1960 – Four black students stage the first of the Greensboro sit-ins at a lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina.

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1964 – The Beatles have their first number one hit in the United States with "I Want to Hold Your Hand".

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1965 – The Hamilton River in Labrador, Canada is renamed the Churchill River in honour of Winston Churchill.

1968 – Vietnam War: The execution of Viet Cong officer Nguyễn Văn Lém by South Vietnamese National Police Chief Nguyễn Ngọc Loan is recorded on motion picture film, as well as in an iconic still photograph taken by Eddie Adams.

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1968 – Canada's three military services, the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force, are unified into the Canadian Forces.

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1968 – The New York Central Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad are merged to form Penn Central Transportation.

1972 – Kuala Lumpur becomes a city by a royal charter granted by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.

1974 – A fire in the 25-story Joelma Building in São Paulo, Brazil kills 189 and injures 293.

1979 – Iranian Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran after nearly 15 years of exile.

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1989 – The Western Australian towns of Kalgoorlie and Boulder amalgamate to form the City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder.

1991 – A runway collision between USAir Flight 1493 and SkyWest Flight 5569 at Los Angeles International Airport results in the deaths of 34 people, and injuries to 30 others.

1992 – The Chief Judicial Magistrate of Bhopal court declares Warren Anderson, ex-CEO of Union Carbide, a fugitive under Indian law for failing to appear in the Bhopal disaster case.

1996 – The Communications Decency Act is passed by the U.S. Congress.

1998 – Rear Admiral Lillian E. Fishburne becomes the first female African American to be promoted to rear admiral.

2002 – Daniel Pearl, American journalist and South Asia Bureau Chief of the Wall Street Journal, kidnapped January 23, 2002, is beheaded and mutilated by his captors.

2003 – Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during the reentry of mission STS-107 into the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboard.

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2004 – Hajj pilgrimage stampede: In a stampede at the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, 251 people are trampled to death and 244 injured.

2005 – King Gyanendra of Nepal carries out a coup d'état to capture the democracy, becoming Chairman of the Councils of ministers.

2009 – The first cabinet of Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir was formed in Iceland, making her the country's first female prime minister and the world's first openly gay head of government.

2012 – At least 72 people are killed and over 500 injured as a result of clashes between fans of Egyptian football teams Al-Masry and Al-Ahly in the city of Port Said.

2013 – The Shard, the tallest building in the European Union, is opened to the public.

CaptainCrunch

02-01-2018, 12:49 PM

506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (Breviarium Alaricianum or Lex Romana Visigothorum), a collection of "Roman law".

880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King Louis III is defeated by the Norse Great Heathen Army at Lüneburg Heath in Saxony.

962 – Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor in nearly 40 years.

1032 – Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor becomes king of Burgundy.

1141 – The Battle of Lincoln, at which Stephen, King of England is defeated and captured by the allies of Empress Matilda.

1207 – Terra Mariana, eventually comprising present-day Latvia and Estonia, is established.

1438 – Nine leaders of the Transylvanian peasant revolt are executed at Torda.

1461 – Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Mortimer's Cross is fought in Herefordshire, England.

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1536 – Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina.

1653 – New Amsterdam (later renamed The City of New York) is incorporated.

1709 – Alexander Selkirk is rescued after being shipwrecked on a desert island, inspiring Daniel Defoe's adventure book Robinson Crusoe.

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1848 – Mexican–American War: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed.

1850 – Brigham Young declares war on Timpanogos in the Battle at Fort Utah.

1868 – Pro-Imperial forces captured Osaka Castle from the Tokugawa shogunate and burned it to the ground.

1876 – The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs of Major League Baseball is formed.

1887 – In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania the first Groundhog Day is observed.

1899 – The Australian Premiers' Conference held in Melbourne decides to locate Australia's capital city, Canberra, between Sydney and Melbourne.

1901 – Funeral of Queen Victoria.

1913 – Grand Central Terminal is opened in New York City.

1920 – The Tartu Peace Treaty is signed between Estonia and Russia.
1920 – France occupies Memel.

1922 – Ulysses by James Joyce is published.

1925 – Serum run to Nome: Dog sleds reach Nome, Alaska with diphtheria serum, inspiring the Iditarod race.

1934 – The Export-Import Bank of the United States is incorporated.

1935 – Leonarde Keeler administers polygraph tests to two murder suspects, the first time polygraph evidence was admitted in U.S. courts.

1942 – The Osvald Group is responsible for the first, active event of anti-Nazi resistance in Norway, to protest the inauguration of Vidkun Quisling.

1943 – World War II: The Battle of Stalingrad comes to an end when Soviet troops accept the surrender of the last German troops in the city.

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1959 – Nine experienced ski hikers in the northern Ural Mountains in the Soviet Union die under mysterious circumstances.

1966 – Pakistan suggests a six-point agenda with Kashmir after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

1971 – Idi Amin replaces President Milton Obote as leader of Uganda.

1971 – The international Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands is signed in Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran.

1980 – Reports surface that the FBI is targeting allegedly corrupt Congressmen in the Abscam operation.

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1982 – Hama massacre: The government of Syria attacks the town of Hama.

1987 – After the 1986 People Power Revolution, the Philippines enacts a new constitution.

1989 – Soviet war in Afghanistan: The last Soviet armoured column leaves Kabul.

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1990 – Apartheid: F. W. de Klerk announces the unbanning of the African National Congress and promises to release Nelson Mandela.

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2000 – First digital cinema projection in Europe (Paris) realized by Philippe Binant with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments.

2004 – Swiss tennis player Roger Federer becomes the No. 1 ranked men's singles player, a position he will hold for a record 237 weeks.

2005 – The Government of Canada introduces the Civil Marriage Act. This legislation would become law on July 20, 2005, legalizing same-sex marriage.

2012 – The ferry MV Rabaul Queen sinks off the coast of Papua New Guinea near the Finschhafen District, with an estimated 146-165 dead.

CaptainCrunch

02-02-2018, 01:47 PM

Feb 3rd

1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona and Douce I, Countess of Provence marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.

1377 – More than 2,000 people of the Italian city of Cesena are killed by the Condottieri (papal armed forces) in the "Cesena Bloodbath".

1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.

1488 – Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope, becoming the first known European to travel so far south.

1509 – The Portuguese navy defeats a joint fleet of the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Venice, the Sultan of Gujarat, the Mamlûk Burji Sultanate of Egypt, the Zamorin of Calicut, and the Republic of Ragusa at the Battle of Diu in Diu, India.

1690 – The colony of Massachusetts issues the first paper money in the Americas.

1706 – During the Battle of Fraustadt Swedish forces defeat a superior Saxon-Polish-Russian force by deploying a double envelopment.

1781 – American Revolutionary War: British forces seize the Dutch-owned Caribbean island Sint Eustatius.

1783 – American Revolutionary War: Spain recognizes United States independence.

1787 – Militia led by General Benjamin Lincoln crush the remnants of Shays' Rebellion in Petersham, Massachusetts.

1807 – A British military force, under Brigadier-General Sir Samuel Auchmuty captures the Spanish Empire city of Montevideo, now the capital of Uruguay.

1809 – The Territory of Illinois is created by the 10th United States Congress.

1813 – José de San Martín defeats a Spanish royalist army at the Battle of San Lorenzo, part of the Argentine War of Independence.

1830 – The London Protocol of 1830 establishes the full independence and sovereignty of Greece from the Ottoman Empire as the final result of the Greek War of Independence.

1834 – Wake Forest University is established.

1870 – The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing voting rights to male citizens regardless of race.

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1913 – The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect an income tax.

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1916 – The Centre Block of the Parliament buildings in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada burns down with the loss of 7 lives.

1917 – World War I: The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany two days after the latter announced a new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.

1918 – The Twin Peaks Tunnel in San Francisco, California begins service as the longest streetcar tunnel in the world at 11,920 feet (3,633 meters) long.

1930 – Communist Party of Vietnam is founded at a "Unification Conference" held in Kowloon, British Hong Kong.

1931 – The Hawke's Bay earthquake, New Zealand's worst natural disaster, kills 258.

1933 – Adolf Hitler announces that the expansion of Lebensraum into Eastern Europe, and its ruthless Germanisation, are the ultimate geopolitical objectives of Third Reich foreign policy.

1943 – The SS Dorchester is sunk by a German U-boat. Only 230 of 902 men aboard survive.

1944 – World War II: During the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, U.S. Army and Marine forces seize Kwajalein Atoll from the defending Japanese garrison.

1945 – World War II: As part of Operation Thunderclap, 1,000 B-17s of the Eighth Air Force bomb Berlin, a raid which kills between 2,500 and 3,000 and dehouses another 120,000.

1945 – World War II: The United States and the Philippine Commonwealth begin a month-long battle to retake Manila from Japan.

1953 – The Batepá massacre occurred in São Tomé when the colonial administration and Portuguese landowners unleashed a wave of violence against the native creoles known as forros.

1958 – Founding of the Benelux Economic Union, creating a testing ground for a later European Economic Community.

1959 – Rock and roll musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson are killed in a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa.

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1960 – British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan speaks of "a wind of change", signalling that his Government was likely to support decolonisation.

1961 – The United States Air Forces begins Operation Looking Glass, and over the next 30 years, a "Doomsday Plane" is always in the air, with the capability of taking direct control of the United States' bombers and missiles in the event of the destruction of the SAC's command post.

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1966 – The Soviet Union's Luna 9 becomes the first spacecraft to make a soft landing on the Moon, and the first spacecraft to take pictures from the surface of the Moon.[1]

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1969 – In Cairo, Yasser Arafat is appointed Palestine Liberation Organization leader at the Palestinian National Congress.

1971 – New York Police Officer Frank Serpico is shot during a drug bust in Brooklyn and survives to later testify against police corruption.

1972 – The first day of the seven-day 1972 Iran blizzard, which would kill at least 4,000 people, making it the deadliest snowstorm in history.

1984 – John Buster and the research team at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center announce history's first embryo transfer, from one woman to another resulting in a live birth.

1984 – Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B is launched using Space Shuttle Challenger.

1989 – After a stroke two weeks previously, South African President P. W. Botha resigns as leader of the National Party, but stays on as president for six more months.

1989 – A military coup overthrows Alfredo Stroessner, dictator of Paraguay since 1954.

1994 – Space Shuttle program: STS-60 is launched, carrying Sergei Krikalev, the first Russian cosmonaut to fly aboard the Shuttle[2]

1995 – Astronaut Eileen Collins becomes the first woman to pilot the Space Shuttle as mission STS-63 gets underway from Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

1998 – Cavalese cable car disaster: a United States military pilot causes the death of 20 people when his low-flying plane cuts the cable of a cable-car near Trento, Italy.

2007 – A Baghdad market bombing kills at least 135 people and injures a further 339.

2014 – Two people are shot and killed and 29 students are taken hostage at a high school in Moscow, Russia.

CaptainCrunch

02-03-2018, 10:51 PM

Feb 4th

211 – Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians. He leaves the empire in the control of his two quarrelling sons.

634 – Battle of Dathin: Rashidun forces under Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan defeat an outnumbered Byzantine force near Gaza in Palestine.

960 – The coronation of Zhao Kuangyin as Emperor Taizu of Song, initiating the Song dynasty period of China that would last more than three centuries.

1169 – A strong earthquake struck the Ionian coast of Sicily, causing tens of thousands of injuries and deaths, especially in Catania.

1454 – In the Thirteen Years' War, the Secret Council of the Prussian Confederation sends a formal act of disobedience to the Grand Master.

1555 – John Rogers is burned at the stake, becoming the first English Protestant martyr under Mary I of England.

1703 – In Edo (now Tokyo), 46 of the Forty-seven Ronin commit seppuku (ritual suicide) as recompense for avenging their master's death.

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1758 – Macapá, Brazil is founded.

1789 – George Washington is unanimously elected as the first President of the United States by the U.S. Electoral College.

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1794 – The French legislature abolishes slavery throughout all territories of the French First Republic. It will be reestablished in the French West Indies in 1802.

1797 – The Riobamba earthquake strikes Ecuador, causing up to 40,000 casualties.

1801 – John Marshall is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States.

1810 – The Royal Navy seizes Guadeloupe.

1820 – The Chilean Navy under the command of Lord Cochrane completes the 2-day long Capture of Valdivia with just 300 men and 2 ships.

1825 – The Ohio Legislature authorizes the construction of the Ohio and Erie Canal and the Miami and Erie Canal.

1846 – The first Mormon pioneers make their exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, westward towards Salt Lake Valley.

1859 – The Codex Sinaiticus is discovered in Egypt.

1861 – American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama, delegates from six break-away U.S. states meet and form the Confederate States of America.

1899 – The Philippine–American War begins with the Battle of Manila.

1932 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Harbin, Manchuria, falls to Japan.

1941 – The United Service Organization (USO) is created to entertain American troops.

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1945 – World War II: Santo Tomas Internment Camp is liberated from Japanese authority.

1945 – World War II: The Yalta Conference between the "Big Three" (Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin) opens at the Livadia Palace in the Crimea.

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1945 – World War II: The British Indian Army and Imperial Japanese Army begin a series of battles known as the Battle of Pokoku and Irrawaddy River operations.

1948 – Ceylon (later renamed Sri Lanka) becomes independent within the British Commonwealth.

1961 – The Angolan War of Independence and the greater Portuguese Colonial War begin.

1966 – All Nippon Airways Flight 60 plunges into Tokyo Bay, killing 133.

1967 – Lunar Orbiter program: Lunar Orbiter 3 lifts off from Cape Canaveral's Launch Complex 13 on its mission to identify possible landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo spacecraft.

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1969 – Yasser Arafat takes over as chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization.

1974 – The Symbionese Liberation Army kidnaps Patty Hearst in Berkeley, California.

1974 – M62 coach bombing: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) explodes a bomb on a bus carrying off-duty British Armed Forces personnel in Yorkshire, England. Nine soldiers and three civilians are killed.

1975 – Haicheng earthquake (magnitude 7.3 on the Richter scale) occurs in Haicheng, Liaoning, China.

1976 – In Guatemala and Honduras an earthquake kills more than 22,000.

1977 – A Chicago Transit Authority elevated train rear-ends another and derails, killing 11 and injuring 180, the worst accident in the agency's history.

1992 – A coup d'état is led by Hugo Chávez against Venezuelan President Carlos Andrés Pérez.

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1997 – En route to Lebanon, two Israeli Sikorsky CH-53 troop-transport helicopters collide in mid-air over northern Galilee, Israel killing 73.

1998 – The 5.9 Mw Afghanistan earthquake shakes the Takhar Province with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). With 2,323 killed, and 818 injured, damage is considered extreme.

1999 – Unarmed West African immigrant Amadou Diallo is shot 41 times by four plainclothes New York City police officers on an unrelated stake-out, inflaming race relations in the city.

2003 – The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is officially renamed Serbia and Montenegro and adopts a new constitution.

2004 – Facebook, a mainstream online social networking site, is founded by Mark Zuckerberg.

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2015 – A TransAsia Airways aircraft with 58 people on board, en route from the Taiwanese capital Taipei to Kinmen, crashes into the Keelung River just after take-off, killing at least 31 people.

FlamesAddiction

02-03-2018, 11:50 PM

Much thanks for posting these and adding the videos. As a fellow history buff, I am having fun following this thread.

CaptainCrunch

02-04-2018, 01:01 AM

Thanks I enjoy doing it, only 10 months and about 19 days to go.

Maybe this will be my legacy thread and will stick around after I'm gone.

CaptainCrunch

02-04-2018, 05:11 PM

Feb 5th

AD 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.

756 – An Lushan, leader of a revolt against the Tang Dynasty, declares himself emperor and establishes the state of Yan.

1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.

1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians are killed by the new government of Japan for being seen as a threat to Japanese society.

1778 – South Carolina becomes the second state to ratify the Articles of Confederation.

1782 – Spanish defeat British forces and capture Menorca.

1783 – In Calabria, a sequence of strong earthquakes begins.

1807 – HMS Blenheim (1761) and HMS Java disappear off the coast of Rodrigues.

1810 – Peninsular War: Siege of Cádiz begins.

1818 – Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte ascends to the thrones of Sweden and Norway.

1849 – University of Wisconsin–Madison's first class meets at Madison Female Academy.

1852 – The New Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia, one of the largest and oldest museums in the world, opens to the public.

1859 – Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza as the United Principalities, an autonomous region within the Ottoman Empire, which ushered the birth of the modern Romanian state.

1869 – The largest alluvial gold nugget in history, called the "Welcome Stranger", is found in Moliagul, Victoria, Australia.

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1885 – King Leopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo as a personal possession.

1905 – In Mexico, the General Hospital of Mexico is inaugurated, started with four basic specialties.

1909 – Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland announces the creation of Bakelite, the world's first synthetic plastic.

1913 – Greek military aviators, Michael Moutoussis and Aristeidis Moraitinis perform the first naval air mission in history, with a Farman MF.7 hydroplane.

1917 – The current constitution of Mexico is adopted, establishing a federal republic with powers separated into independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

1917 – The Congress of the United States passes the Immigration Act of 1917 over President Woodrow Wilson's veto.

1918 – Stephen W. Thompson shoots down a German airplane; this is the first aerial victory by the U.S. military.

1918 – SS Tuscania is torpedoed off the coast of Ireland; it is the first ship carrying American troops to Europe to be torpedoed and sunk.

1919 – Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, and D. W. Griffith launch United Artists.

1924 – The Royal Greenwich Observatory begins broadcasting the hourly time signals known as the Greenwich Time Signal.

1933 – Mutiny on Royal Netherlands Navy warship HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën off the coast of Sumatra, Dutch East Indies.

1939 – Generalísimo Francisco Franco becomes the 68th "Caudillo de España", or Leader of Spain.

1941 – World War II: Allied forces begin the Battle of Keren to capture Keren, Eritrea.

1945 – World War II: General Douglas MacArthur returns to Manila.

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1958 – Gamal Abdel Nasser is nominated to be the first president of the United Arab Republic.

1958 – A hydrogen bomb known as the Tybee Bomb is lost by the US Air Force off the coast of Savannah, Georgia, never to be recovered.

1962 – French President Charles de Gaulle calls for Algeria to be granted independence.

1963 – The European Court of Justice's ruling in Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen establishes the principle of direct effect, one of the most important, if not the most important, decisions in the development of European Union law.

1971 – Astronauts land on the moon in the Apollo 14 mission.

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1975 – Riots break in Lima, Peru after the police forces go on strike the day before. The uprising (locally known as the Limazo) is bloodily suppressed by the military dictatorship.

1985 – Ugo Vetere, then the mayor of Rome, and Chedli Klibi, then the mayor of Carthage meet in Tunis to sign a treaty of friendship officially ending the Third Punic War which lasted 2,131 years.

1988 – Manuel Noriega is indicted on drug smuggling and money laundering charges.

1994 – Byron De La Beckwith is convicted of the 1963 murder of civil rights leader Medgar Evers.

1994 – Markale massacres, more than 60 people are killed and some 200 wounded as a mortar shell explodes in a downtown marketplace in Sarajevo.

1997 – The so-called Big Three banks in Switzerland announce the creation of a $71 million fund to aid Holocaust survivors and their families.

2000 – Russian forces massacre at least 60 civilians in the Novye Aldi suburb of Grozny, Chechnya.

2004 – Rebels from the Revolutionary Artibonite Resistance Front capture the city of Gonaïves, starting the 2004 Haiti rebellion.

2008 – A major tornado outbreak across the Southern United States kills 57.

CaptainCrunch

02-05-2018, 01:55 PM

Feb 6th

AD 60 – The earliest date for which the day of the week is known. A graffito in Pompeii identifies this day as a dies Solis (Sunday). In modern reckoning, this date would have been a Wednesday.

1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila was made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop.

1649 – The claimant King Charles II of England and Scotland is declared King of Great Britain, by the Parliament of Scotland. This move was not followed by the Parliament of England nor the Parliament of Ireland.

1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland becomes King upon the death of his brother Charles II.

1778 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce are signed by the United States and France signaling official recognition of the new republic.

1788 – Massachusetts becomes the sixth state to ratify the United States Constitution.

1806 – Battle of San Domingo: British naval victory against the French in the Caribbean.

1815 – New Jersey grants the first American railroad charter to John Stevens.

1819 – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles founds Singapore.

1820 – The first 86 African American immigrants sponsored by the American Colonization Society depart New York to start a settlement in present-day Liberia.

1833 – Otto becomes the first modern King of Greece.

1840 – Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, establishing New Zealand as a British colony.

1843 – The first minstrel show in the United States, The Virginia Minstrels, opens (Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City).

1851 – The largest Australian bushfires in a populous region in recorded history take place in the state of Victoria.

1862 – American Civil War: Forces under the command of Ulysses S. Grant and Andrew H. Foote give the Union its first victory of the war, capturing Fort Henry, Tennessee in the Battle of Fort Henry.

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1899 – Spanish–American War: The Treaty of Paris, a peace treaty between the United States and Spain, is ratified by the United States Senate.

1900 – The Permanent Court of Arbitration, an international arbitration court at The Hague, is created when the Senate of the Netherlands ratifies an 1899 peace conference decree.

1918 – British women over the age of 30 who meet minumum property qualifications, get the right to vote when Representation of the People Act 1918 is passed by Parliament.

1919 – The American Legion is founded.

1922 – The Washington Naval Treaty is signed in Washington, D.C., limiting the naval armaments of United States, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy.

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1934 – Far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon in an attempted coup against the French Third Republic, creating a political crisis in France.

1951 – The Canadian Army enters combat in the Korean War.

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Rest of the above movies Test of Wills can be followed on youtube

1951 – The Broker, a Pennsylvania Railroad passenger train derails near Woodbridge Township, New Jersey. The accident kills 85 people and injures over 500 more. The wreck is one of the worst rail disasters in American history.

1952 – Elizabeth II becomes queen regnant of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms upon the death of her father, George VI. At the exact moment of succession, she was in a tree house at the Treetops Hotel in Kenya.

1958 – Eight Manchester United F.C. players and 15 other passengers are killed in the Munich air disaster.

1959 – Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments files the first patent for an integrated circuit.

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1959 – At Cape Canaveral, Florida, the first successful test firing of a Titan intercontinental ballistic missile is accomplished.

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1976 – In testimony before a United States Senate subcommittee, Lockheed Corporation president Carl Kotchian admits that the company had paid out approximately $3 million in bribes to the office of Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka.

1978 – The Blizzard of 1978, one of the worst Nor'easters in New England history, hit the region, with sustained winds of 65 mph and snowfall of four inches an hour.

1981 – The National Resistance Army of Uganda launches an attack on a Ugandan Army installation in the central Mubende District to begin the Ugandan Bush War.

1987 – Justice Mary Gaudron becomes the first woman to be appointed to the High Court of Australia.

1988 – Michael Jordan makes his signature slam dunk from the free throw line inspiring Air Jordan and the Jumpman logo.

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1989 – The Round Table Talks start in Poland, thus marking the beginning of the overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe.

1996 – Willamette Valley Flood: Floods in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, United States, causes over US$500 million in property damage throughout the Pacific Northwest.

1996 – Birgenair Flight 301 crashed off the coast of the Dominican Republic, and all 189 people inside the airplane are killed. This is the worst accident/incident involving a Boeing 757.

1998 – Washington National Airport is renamed Ronald Reagan National Airport.

2000 – Second Chechen War: Russia captures Grozny, Chechnya, forcing the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria government into exile.

getbak

02-06-2018, 12:41 AM

I guess this isn't really a "Today in History" thing, but perhaps a "Today is History". As of Today, the Berlin Wall has been down longer than it was up.

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DVOQarrW0AEUuSa.jpg:small

CaptainCrunch

02-06-2018, 01:02 PM

Feb 7th

457 – Leo I the Thracian becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II.

1074 – Pandulf IV of Benevento is killed battling the invading Normans at the Battle of Montesarchio.

1301 – Edward of Caernarvon (later king Edward II of England) becomes the first English Prince of Wales.

1497 – The Bonfire of the Vanities occurs, during which supporters of Girolamo Savonarola burn cosmetics, art, and books in Florence, Italy.

1783 – American Revolutionary War: French and Spanish forces lift the Great Siege of Gibraltar.

1795 – The 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified.

1807 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon finds Bennigsen's Russian forces taking a stand at Eylau. After bitter fighting, the French take the town, but the Russians resume the battle the next day.

1812 – The strongest in a series of earthquakes strikes New Madrid, Missouri.

1813 – In the action of 7 February 1813 near the Îles de Los, the frigates Aréthuse and Amelia batter each other, but neither can gain the upper hand.

1819 – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles leaves Singapore after just taking it over, leaving it in the hands of William Farquhar.

1842 – Battle of Debre Tabor: Ras Ali Alula, Regent of the Emperor of Ethiopia defeats warlord Wube Haile Maryam of Semien.

1854 – A law is approved to found the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Lectures started October 16, 1855.

1863 – HMS Orpheus sinks off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, killing 189.

1894 – The Cripple Creek miner's strike, led by the Western Federation of Miners, begins in Cripple Creek, Colorado.

1898 – Dreyfus affair: Émile Zola is brought to trial for libel for publishing J'accuse.

1900 – Second Boer War: British troops fail in their third attempt to lift the Siege of Ladysmith.

1904 – A fire in Baltimore, Maryland destroys over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours.

1907 – The Mud March is the first large procession organized by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS).

1940 – The second full-length animated Walt Disney film, Pinocchio, premieres.

1943 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy forces complete the evacuation of Imperial Japanese Army troops from Guadalcanal during Operation Ke, ending Japanese attempts to retake the island from Allied forces in the Guadalcanal Campaign.

1944 – World War II: In Anzio, Italy, German forces launch a counteroffensive during the Allied Operation Shingle.

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1951 – Korean War: More than 700 suspected communist sympathizers are butchered by South Korean forces.

1962 – The United States bans all Cuban imports and exports.

1974 – Grenada gains independence from the United Kingdom.

1979 – Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for the first time since either was discovered.

1984 – Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B Mission: Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered space walk using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU).

1986 – Twenty-eight years of one-family rule end in Haiti, when President Jean-Claude Duvalier flees the Caribbean nation.

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1990 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party agrees to give up its monopoly on power.

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1991 – Haiti's first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, is sworn in.

1991 – The Troubles: The Provisional IRA launched a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street in London, the headquarters of the British government.

1992 – The Maastricht Treaty is signed, leading to the creation of the European Union.

1995 – Ramzi Yousef, the mastermind of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, is arrested in Islamabad, Pakistan.

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1997 – NeXT merges with Apple Computer, starting the path to Mac OS X.

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1999 – Crown Prince Abdullah becomes the King of Jordan on the death of his father, King Hussein.

2009 – Bushfires in Victoria leave 173 dead in the worst natural disaster in Australia's history.

2012 – President Mohamed Nasheed of the Republic of Maldives resigns, after 23 days of anti-governmental protests calling for the release of Chief Judge unlawfully arrested by the military.

2013 – The U.S. state of Mississippi officially certifies the Thirteenth Amendment, becoming the last state to approve the abolition of slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment was formally ratified by Mississippi in 1995.

2016 – North Korea launches Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4 into outer space violating multiple UN treaties and prompting condemnation from around the world.

CaptainCrunch

02-07-2018, 02:58 PM

Feb 8th

421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.

1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al Mansurah.

1347 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–47 ends with a power-sharing agreement between John VI Kantakouzenos and John V Palaiologos.

1575 – Leiden University is founded, and given the motto Praesidium Libertatis.

1587 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed on suspicion of having been involved in the Babington Plot to murder her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I.

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1590 – Luis de Carabajal the younger is tortured by the Inquisition in Mexico City.

1601 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, rebels against Queen Elizabeth I and the revolt is quickly crushed.

1693 – The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, is granted a charter by King William III and Queen Mary II.

1807 – After two days of bitter fighting, the Russians under Bennigsen and the Prussians under L'Estocq concede the Battle of Eylau to Napoleon.

1817 – Las Heras crosses the Andes with an army to join San Martín and liberate Chile from Spain.

1837 – Richard Johnson becomes the first Vice President of the United States chosen by the United States Senate.

1865 – Delaware refuses to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Slavery was outlawed in the United States, including Delaware, when the Amendment was ratified by the requisite number of states on December 6, 1865. Delaware ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 12, 1901, which was the ninety-second anniversary of the birth of Abraham Lincoln.

1879 – Sandford Fleming first proposes adoption of Universal Standard Time at a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute.

1879 – The England cricket team led by Lord Harris is attacked during a riot during a match in Sydney.

1885 – The first government-approved Japanese immigrants arrived in Hawaii.

1887 – The Dawes Act authorizes the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide it into individual allotments.

1904 – Battle of Port Arthur: A surprise torpedo attack by the Japanese at Port Arthur, China starts the Russo-Japanese War.

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1904 – Aceh War: Dutch Colonial Army's Marechaussee regiment led by General G.C.E. van Daalen launch military campaign to capture Gayo Highland, Alas Highland, and Batak Highland in Dutch East Indies' Northern Sumatra region, which ends with genocide to Acehnese and Bataks people.

1910 – The Boy Scouts of America is incorporated by William D. Boyce.

1915 – D. W. Griffith's controversial film The Birth of a Nation premieres in Los Angeles.

1922 – United States President Warren G. Harding introduces the first radio set in the White House.

1924 – Capital punishment: The first state execution in the United States by gas chamber takes place in Nevada.

1942 – World War II: Japan invades Singapore.

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1942 – World War II: Dutch Colonial Army General Destruction Unit (AVC, Algemene Vernielings Corps) burns Banjarmasin, South Borneo to avoid Japanese capture.

1945 – World War II: The United Kingdom and Canada commence Operation Veritable to occupy the west bank of the Rhine.

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1945 – World War II: Mikhail Devyataev escapes with nine other Soviet inmates from a Nazi concentration camp in Peenemünde on the island of Usedom by hijacking the camp commandant's Heinkel He 111.

1946 – The first portion of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, the first serious challenge to the popularity of the Authorized King James Version, is published.

1950 – The Stasi, the secret police of East Germany, is established.

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1952 – Elizabeth II is proclaimed Queen of the United Kingdom.

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1955 – The Government of Sindh, Pakistan, abolishes the Jagirdari system in the province. One million acres (4000 km2) of land thus acquired is to be distributed among the landless peasants.

1960 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom issues an Order-in-Council, stating that she and her family would be known as the House of Windsor, and that her descendants will take the name Mountbatten-Windsor.

1962 – Charonne massacre. Nine trade unionists are killed by French police at the instigation of Nazi collaborator Maurice Papon, then chief of the Paris Prefecture of Police.

1963 – Travel, financial and commercial transactions by United States citizens to Cuba are made illegal by the John F. Kennedy administration.

1963 – The regime of Prime Minister of Iraq, Brigadier General Abd al-Karim Qasim is overthrown by the Ba'ath Party.

1965 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 663 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean and explodes, killing everyone aboard.

1968 – American civil rights movement: The Orangeburg massacre: An attack on black students from South Carolina State University who are protesting racial segregation at the town's only bowling alley, leaves three or four dead in Orangeburg, South Carolina.

1971 – The NASDAQ stock market index opens for the first time.

1971 – South Vietnamese ground troops launch an incursion into Laos to try to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail and stop communist infiltration.

1974 – After 84 days in space, the crew of Skylab 4, the last crew to visit American space station Skylab, returns to Earth.

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1978 – Proceedings of the United States Senate are broadcast on radio for the first time.

1981 – Twenty-one association football spectators are trampled to death at Karaiskakis Stadium in Neo Faliro, Greece, after a football match between Olympiacos F.C. and AEK Athens F.C.

1983 – The Melbourne dust storm hits Australia's second largest city. The result of the worst drought on record and a day of severe weather conditions, a 320 metres (1,050 ft) deep dust cloud envelops the city, turning day to night.

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1986 – Hinton train collision: Twenty-three people are killed when a VIA Rail passenger train collides with a 118-car Canadian National freight train near the town of Hinton, Alberta, west of Edmonton. It is the worst rail accident in Canada until the Lac-Mégantic, Quebec derailment in 2013 which killed forty-seven people.

1989 – Independent Air Flight 1851 strikes Pico Alto mountain while on approach to Santa Maria Airport (Azores) killing all 144 passengers on board.

1993 – General Motors sues NBC after Dateline NBC allegedly rigs two crashes intended to demonstrate that some GM pickups can easily catch fire if hit in certain places. NBC settles the lawsuit the next day.

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1996 – The U.S. Congress passes the Communications Decency Act.

2005 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil politician and former MP A. Chandranehru dies of injuries sustained in an ambush the previous day.

2010 – A freak storm in the Hindu Kush mountains of Afghanistan triggers a series of at least 36 avalanches, burying over two miles of road, killing at least 172 people and trapping over 2,000 travelers.

2013 – A blizzard disrupts transportation and leaves hundreds of thousands of people without electricity in the Northeastern United States and parts of Canada.

2014 – A hotel fire in Medina, Saudi Arabia kills 15 Egyptian pilgrims with 130 others injured.

undercoverbrother

02-08-2018, 12:50 PM

1951 – The Canadian Army enters combat in the Korean War.

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.

http://thesarniajournal.ca/vet-recounts-kapyong-canadas-brutal-and-forgotten-battle/

Oldale said he heard the enemy before he saw them.

“We were hunkered down, waiting in the darkness. They screamed and hollered to signal their approach … it was completely unnerving.”

Waves of enemy soldiers, many armed with Russian sub-machine guns, began attacking the summit. Most of the Canadians were armed with 9-pound single bolt Lee Enfield rifles with an attached bayonet, 200 rounds of ammunition, and a handful of grenades.

They would need them all. The gunfire eventually gave way to hand-to-hand combat, and the fighting was intense and brutal. It was a kill or be killed battlefield.

Running low on ammunition, the Canadians used their bayonets. After that, some used their rifles as baseball bats.

With no ammunition left the Australians retreated on the April 24, but the Canadians held firm.

Just after midnight on the 25th, with hundreds of enemy soldiers just metres from his men, a Canadian officer radioed his position to a New Zealand artillery in the back lines. He ordered his men to find cover and within seconds a barrage of bombs exploded around them. The Canadians reasoned correctly that more soldiers of the larger enemy army would be killed.

It was a decisive strike.

The Chinese army withdrew in the morning and the Canadians, still alert, tended to the wounded and waited for a counter-attack that never came.

Hope you don't mind Capt, but this war and this battle get forgotten. It shouldn't be. It results in the 2nd Battalion being awarded the Presidential Citation.

Korea was a short ####ing violent War.

CaptainCrunch

02-08-2018, 01:50 PM

http://thesarniajournal.ca/vet-recounts-kapyong-canadas-brutal-and-forgotten-battle/

Hope you don't mind Capt, but this war and this battle get forgotten. It shouldn't be. It results in the 2nd Battalion being awarded the Presidential Citation.

Korea was a short ####ing violent War.

Of course I don't mind, I encourage everyone to put stuff in this thread.

I had an Uncle who went to Korea, he never talked about it, but he was a big of a jerk, I only met him once, but he really hated Chinese people, and I asked my dad about that, and he said "He came by it honestly"

My dad enlisted, but they found out he was under age when he reported to basic and sent him home.

CaptainCrunch

02-08-2018, 06:07 PM

Feb 9th

474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.[1]

951 – The Northern Han Kingdom is founded by Liu Chong in modern-day Shanxi.[citation needed]

1555 – Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake.[2]

1621 – Gregory XV becomes Pope, the last Pope elected by acclamation.[3]

1654 – The Capture of Fort Rocher takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War.[4]

1775 – American Revolutionary War: The British Parliament declares Massachusetts in rebellion.[5]

1788 – The Habsburg Empire joins the Russo-Turkish War in the Russian camp.

1825 – After no candidate receives a majority of electoral votes in the US presidential election of 1824, the United States House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams as President of the United States.

1849 – The new Roman Republic is declared.

1861 – American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected the Provisional President of the Confederate States of America by the Confederate convention at Montgomery, Alabama.

1870 – US president Ulysses S. Grant signs a joint resolution of Congress establishing the U.S. Weather Bureau.

1889 – US president Grover Cleveland signs a bill elevating the United States Department of Agriculture to a Cabinet-level agency.

1895 – William G. Morgan creates a game called Mintonette, which soon comes to be referred to as volleyball.

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1900 – The Davis Cup competition is established.

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1904 – Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Port Arthur concludes.

1913 – A group of meteors is visible across much of the eastern seaboard of North and South America, leading astronomers to conclude the source had been a small, short-lived natural satellite of the Earth.

1920 – Under the terms of the Svalbard Treaty, international diplomacy recognizes Norwegian sovereignty over Arctic archipelago Svalbard, and designates it as demilitarized.

1922 – Brazil becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

1934 – The Balkan Entente is formed.

1941 – World War II: The Cathedral of San Lorenzo in Genoa, Italy is struck by a bomb which fails to detonate.

1942 – World War II: Top United States military leaders hold their first formal meeting to discuss American military strategy in the war.

1942 – Year-round Daylight saving time is re-instated in the United States as a wartime measure to help conserve energy resources.

1943 – World War II: Allied authorities declare Guadalcanal secure after Imperial Japan evacuates its remaining forces from the island, ending the Battle of Guadalcanal.

1945 – World War II: Battle of the Atlantic: HMS Venturer sinks U-864 off the coast of Fedje, Norway, in a rare instance of submarine-to-submarine combat.

1945 – World War II: A force of Allied aircraft unsuccessfully attacked a German destroyer in Førdefjorden, Norway.

1950 – Second Red Scare: US Senator Joseph McCarthy accuses the United States Department of State of being filled with Communists.

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1951 – Korean War: Geochang massacre

1959 – The R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile, becomes operational at Plesetsk, USSR.

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1964 – The Beatles make their first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, performing before a "record-busting" audience of 73 million viewers across the USA.

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1965 – The United States Marine Corps sends a MIM-23 Hawk missile battalion to South Vietnam, the first American troops in-country without an official advisory or training mission.

1971 – The 6.5–6.7 Mw Sylmar earthquake hits the Greater Los Angeles Area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 64 and injuring 2,000.

1971 – Satchel Paige becomes the first Negro League player to be voted into the USA's Baseball Hall of Fame.

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1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 14 returns to Earth after the third manned Moon landing.

1975 – The Soyuz 17 Soviet spacecraft returns to Earth.

1978 – The Budd Company unveils its first SPV-2000 self-propelled railcar in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1986 – Halley's Comet last appeared in the inner Solar System.

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1991 – Voters in Lithuania vote for independence.

1996 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army declares the end to its 18-month ceasefire and explodes a large bomb in London's Canary Wharf, killing two people.

1996 – Copernicium is first discovered.

2016 – Two passenger trains collided in the German town of Bad Aibling in the state of Bavaria. Twelve people died, and 85 others were injured.

CaptainCrunch

02-09-2018, 01:20 PM

Feb 10th

1258 – Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed.

1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriar's Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn sparking revolution in the Wars of Scottish Independence

1355 – The St Scholastica Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead in two days.

1567 – Lord Darnley, second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, is found strangled following an explosion at the Kirk o' Field house in Edinburgh, Scotland, a suspected assassination.

1763 – French and Indian War: The Treaty of Paris ends the war and France cedes Quebec to Great Britain.

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1814 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Champaubert ends in French victory over the Russians and the Prussians.

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1840 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

1846 – First Anglo-Sikh War: Battle of Sobraon: British defeat Sikhs in final battle of the war

1861 – Jefferson Davis is notified by telegraph that he has been chosen as provisional President of the Confederate States of America.

1862 – American Civil War: A Union naval flotilla destroys the bulk of the Confederate Mosquito Fleet in the Battle of Elizabeth City on the Pasquotank River in North Carolina.

1870 – The YWCA is founded in New York City.

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1906 – HMS Dreadnought, the first of a revolutionary new breed of battleships is christened and launched by King Edward VII.

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1920 – Józef Haller de Hallenburg performs symbolic wedding of Poland to the sea, celebrating restitution of Polish access to open sea.

1923 – Texas Tech University is founded as Texas Technological College in Lubbock, Texas

1930 – Yên Bái mutiny in French Indochina

1933 – In round 13 of a boxing match at New York City's Madison Square Garden, Primo Carnera knocks out Ernie Schaaf. Schaaf dies four days later.

1936 – Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Italian troops launched the Battle of Amba Aradam against Ethiopian defenders.

1939 – Spanish Civil War: The Nationalists conclude their conquest of Catalonia and seal the border with France.

1940 – The Soviet Union begins mass deportations of Polish citizens from occupied eastern Poland to Siberia.

1942 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Army capture Banjarmasin, capital of Borneo in Dutch East Indies.

1943 – World War II: Attempting to completely lift the Siege of Leningrad, the Soviet Red Army engages German troops and Spanish volunteers in the Battle of Krasny Bor.

1947 – Italy cedes most of Venezia Giulia to Yugoslavia.

1947 – Crowds gathered at shop windows in Paris to see Christian Dior's New Look fashion - longer skirts, nipped-in waists and padded shoulders.

1954 – United States President Dwight Eisenhower warns against United States intervention in Vietnam.

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1962 – Captured American U2 spy-plane pilot Gary Powers is exchanged for captured Soviet spy Rudolf Abel.

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1962 – Roy Lichtenstein's first solo exhibition opened, and it included Look Mickey, which featured his first employment of Ben-Day dots, speech balloons and comic imagery sourcing, all of which he is now known for.

1964 – Melbourne–Voyager collision: The aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne collides with and sinks the destroyer HMAS Voyager off the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, killing 82.

1967 – The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified.

1972 – Ras Al Khaimah joins the United Arab Emirates, now making up seven emirates.

1984 – Kenyan soldiers commit the worst ever human rights violation in the country by slaughtering an estimated 5000 ethnic Somali Kenyans in Wagalla in N.E.-Kenya.

1989 – Ron Brown is elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee becoming the first African American to lead a major American political party.

1996 – IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov in chess for the first time.

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2003 – France and Belgium break the NATO procedure of silent approval concerning the timing of protective measures for Turkey in case of a possible war with Iraq.

2007 – Then Illinois senator Barack Obama announces his candidacy for president in the 2008 elections, which he later goes on to win.

2009 – The communications satellites Iridium 33 and Kosmos 2251 collide in orbit, destroying both.

2013 – Thirty-six people are killed and 39 others are injured in a stampede in Allahabad, India, during the Kumbh Mela festival.

2016 – South Korea decides to stop the operation of the Kaesong joint industrial complex with North Korea in response to the launch of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4.

CaptainCrunch

02-10-2018, 01:23 PM

Feb 11

660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.

AD 55 – Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman emperorship, dies under mysterious circumstances in Rome. This clears the way for Nero to become Emperor.

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244 – Emperor Gordian III is murdered by mutinous soldiers in Zaitha (Mesopotamia). A mound is raised at Carchemish in his memory.

1177 – John de Courcy's army defeats the native Dunleavey Clan in Ulster. The English establish themselves in Ulster.

1534 – Henry VIII of England is recognized as supreme head of the Church of England.

1626 – Emperor Susenyos I of Ethiopia and Patriarch Afonso Mendes declare the primacy of the Roman See over the Ethiopian Church, and Catholicism to be the state religion of Ethiopia.

1659 – The assault on Copenhagen by Swedish forces is beaten back with heavy losses.

1790 – The Religious Society of Friends, also known as Quakers, petitions U.S. Congress for the abolition of slavery.

1794 – First session of United States Senate opens to the public.

1808 – Jesse Fell burns anthracite on an open grate as an experiment in heating homes with coal.

1812 – Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry is accused of "gerrymandering" for the first time.

1823 – Carnival tragedy of 1823: About 110 boys are killed during a stampede at the Convent of the Minori Osservanti in Valletta, Malta.

1826 – University College London is founded as University of London.

1840 – Gaetano Donizetti's opera La fille du régiment receives its first performance in Paris, France.

1843 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi alla prima crociata receives its first performance in Milan, Italy.

1855 – Kassa Hailu is crowned Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia, by Abuna Salama III in a ceremony at the church of Derasge Maryam

1856 – The Kingdom of Awadh is annexed by the British East India Company and Wajid Ali Shah, the king of Awadh, is imprisoned and later exiled to Calcutta.

1858 – Bernadette Soubirous's first vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lourdes, France.

1861 – American Civil War: The United States House of Representatives unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state.

1873 – King Amadeo I of Spain abdicates.

1889 – Meiji Constitution of Japan is adopted; the first National Diet convenes in 1890.

1903 – Anton Bruckner's 9th Symphony receives its first performance in Vienna, Austria.

1906 – Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer Nos.

1919 – Friedrich Ebert (SPD), is elected President of Germany.

1929 – Kingdom of Italy and the Vatican sign the Lateran Treaty.

1937 – A sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Auto Workers.

1938 – BBC Television produces the world's first ever science fiction television program, an adaptation of a section of the Karel Čapek play R.U.R., that coined the term "robot".

1939 – A Lockheed P-38 Lightning flies from California to New York in 7 hours 2 minutes.

1942 – World War II: The Battle of Bukit Timah is fought in Singapore.

1943 – World War II: General Dwight D. Eisenhower is selected to command the allied armies in Europe.

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1953 – Cold War: U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower denies all appeals for clemency for Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.

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1953 – The Soviet Union breaks off diplomatic relations with Israel.

1959 – The Federation of Arab Emirates of the South, which will later become South Yemen, is created as a protectorate of the United Kingdom.

1964 – Greeks and Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.

1971 – Cold War: Eighty-seven countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union, sign the Seabed Arms Control Treaty outlawing nuclear weapons on the ocean floor in international waters.

1973 – Vietnam War: First release of American prisoners of war from Vietnam takes place.

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1978 – Censorship: China lifts a ban on works by Aristotle, William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens.

1979 – The Iranian Revolution establishes an Islamic theocracy under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

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1981 – Around 100,000 US gallons (380 m3) of radioactive coolant leak into the containment building of TVA Sequoyah 1 nuclear plant in Tennessee, contaminating eight workers.

1990 – Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison outside Cape Town, South Africa after 27 years as a political prisoner.

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1990 – Buster Douglas, a 42:1 underdog, knocks out Mike Tyson in ten rounds at Tokyo to win boxing's world Heavyweight title.

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I remember watching this fight in my apartment in Dallas with a bunch of my class mates. The plan was to watch the fight which was going to last about a round and go to the bar. As round after round passed, we were shocked, we thought that Tyson would bet in a killer punch, but we all realized that Tyson just didn't have it. But we stuck around until the end, and by then we were all too drunk to get to the bar.

1997 – Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on a mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope.

1999 – Pluto crosses Neptune's orbit, ending a nearly 20-year period (since 1979) when it was closer to the Sun than the gas giant; Pluto is not expected to interact with Neptune's orbit for another 228 years.

2001 – A Dutch programmer launched the Anna Kournikova virus infecting millions of emails via a trick photo of the tennis star.

2006 – Then U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney shot Harry Whittington, a 78-year-old Texas attorney, while participating in a quail hunt on a ranch in Riviera, Texas.

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2008 – Rebel East Timorese soldiers seriously wound President José Ramos-Horta. Rebel leader Alfredo Reinado is killed in the attack.

2011 – Arab Spring: The first wave of the Egyptian revolution culminates in the resignation of Hosni Mubarak and the transfer of power to the Supreme Military Council after 18 days of protests.

2013 – The Vatican confirmed that Pope Benedict XVI would resign the papacy on 28 February 2013, as a result of his advanced age.

2014 – A military transport plane crashes in a mountainous area of Oum El Bouaghi Province in eastern Algeria, killing 77 people.

2015 – A university student was murdered as she resisted an attempted rape in Turkey, sparking nationwide protests and public outcry against harassment and violence against women.

2016 – A man shoots six people dead at an education center in Jizan Province, Saudi Arabia.

2017 – North Korea prompts international condemnation by test firing a ballistic missile across the Sea of Japan.

CaptainCrunch

02-11-2018, 07:35 PM

Feb 12

881 – Pope John VIII crowns Charles the Fat, the King of Italy: Holy Roman Emperor

1429 – English forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orléans in the Battle of the Herrings.

1502 – Isabella I issued an edict outlawing Islam in the Crown of Castile, forcing virtually all her Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity.

1502 – Vasco da Gama sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on his second voyage to India.

1541 – Santiago, Chile is founded by Pedro de Valdivia.

1554 – A year after claiming the throne of England for nine days, Lady Jane Grey is beheaded for treason.

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1593 – Japanese invasion of Korea: Approximately 3,000 Joseon defenders led by general Kwon Yul successfully repel more than 30,000 Japanese forces in the Siege of Haengju.

1689 – The Convention Parliament declares that the flight to France in 1688 by James II, the last Roman Catholic British monarch, constitutes an abdication.

1733 – Englishman James Oglethorpe founds Georgia, the 13th colony of the Thirteen Colonies, and its first city at Savannah (known as Georgia Day).

1771 – Gustav III becomes the King of Sweden.

1817 – An Argentine/Chilean patriotic army, after crossing the Andes, defeats Spanish troops on the Battle of Chacabuco.

1818 – Bernardo O'Higgins formally approves the Chilean Declaration of Independence near Concepción, Chile.

1825 – The Creek cede the last of their lands in Georgia to the United States government by the Treaty of Indian Springs, and migrate west.

1832 – Ecuador annexes the Galápagos Islands.

1851 – Edward Hargraves announces he has found gold in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia, starting the Australian gold rushes.

1855 – Michigan State University is established.

1894 – Anarchist Émile Henry hurls a bomb into the Cafe Terminus in Paris, killing one person and wounding 20.

1909 – The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded.

1909 – New Zealand's worst maritime disaster of the 20th century happens when the SS Penguin, an inter-island ferry, sinks and explodes at the entrance to Wellington Harbour.

1912 – The Xuantong Emperor, the last Emperor of China, abdicates.

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1915 – In Washington, D.C., the first stone of the Lincoln Memorial is put into place.

1921 – Bolsheviks launch a revolt in Georgia as a preliminary to the Red Army invasion of Georgia.

1924 – George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue received its premiere in a concert titled "An Experiment in Modern Music", in Aeolian Hall, New York, by Paul Whiteman and his band, with Gershwin playing the piano.

1935 – USS Macon, one of the two largest helium-filled airships ever created, crashes into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California and sinks.

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1946 – World War II: Operation Deadlight ends after scuttling 121 of 154 captured U-boats.

1946 – African American United States Army veteran Isaac Woodard is severely beaten by a South Carolina police officer to the point where he loses his vision in both eyes. The incident later galvanizes the Civil Rights Movement and partially inspires Orson Welles' film Touch of Evil.

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1947 – The largest observed iron meteorite until that time creates an impact crater in Sikhote-Alin, in the Soviet Union.

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1947 – Christian Dior unveils a "New Look", helping Paris regain its position as the capital of the fashion world.

1961 – The Soviet Union launches Venera 1 towards Venus.

1963 – Construction begins on the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri.

1965 – Malcolm X visits Smethwick following the racial charged 1964 general election.[1]

1968 – Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất massacre.

1974 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970, is exiled from the Soviet Union.

1983 – One hundred women protest in Lahore, Pakistan against military dictator Zia-ul-Haq's proposed Law of Evidence. The women were tear-gassed, baton-charged and thrown into lock-up. The women were successful in repealing the law.

1988 – Cold War: The 1988 Black Sea bumping incident: The U.S. missile cruiser USS Yorktown (CG-48) is intentionally rammed by the Soviet frigate Bezzavetnyy in the Soviet territorial waters, while Yorktown claims innocent passage.

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1990 – Carmen Lawrence becomes the first female Premier in Australian history when she becomes Premier of Western Australia.

1992 – The current Constitution of Mongolia comes into effect.

1993 – Two-year-old James Bulger is abducted from New Strand Shopping Centre by two ten-year-old boys, who later torture and murder him.

1994 – Four thieves break into the National Gallery of Norway and steal Edvard Munch's iconic painting The Scream.

1999 – United States President Bill Clinton is acquitted by the United States Senate in his impeachment trial.

2001 – NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft touches down in the "saddle" region of 433 Eros, becoming the first spacecraft to land on an asteroid.

2002 – The trial of Slobodan Milošević, the former President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, begins at the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, Netherlands. He dies four years later before its conclusion.

2002 – An Iran Airtour Tupolev Tu-154 crashes in the mountains outside Khorramabad, Iran while descending for a landing at Khorramabad Airport, killing 119.

2004 – The city of San Francisco begins issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples in response to a directive from Mayor Gavin Newsom.

2009 – Colgan Air Flight 3407 crashes into a house in Clarence Center, New York while on approach to Buffalo Niagara International Airport, killing all on board and one on the ground.

2016 – Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill sign an Ecumenical Declaration in the first such meeting between leaders of the Catholic and Russian Orthodox Churches since their split in 1054.

CaptainCrunch

02-12-2018, 03:27 PM

Feb 13th

951 – Guo Wei, a court official, leads a military coup and declares himself emperor of the new Later Zhou.

962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the Diploma Ottonianum, recognizing John as ruler of Rome.

1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th.

1462 – The Treaty of Westminster is finalised between Edward IV of England and the Scottish Lord of the Isles.

1503 – Challenge of Barletta: Tournament between 13 Italian and 13 French knights near Barletta.

1542 – Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery.

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1575 – Henry III of France is crowned at Reims.

1633 – Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.

1660 – With the accession of young Charles XI of Sweden, his regents begin negotiations to end the Second Northern War.

1689 – William and Mary are proclaimed co-rulers of England.

1692 – Massacre of Glencoe: Almost 80 Macdonalds at Glen Coe, Scotland are killed early in the morning for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, William of Orange.

1739 – Battle of Karnal: The army of Iranian ruler Nader Shah defeats the forces of the Mughal emperor of India, Muhammad Shah.

1755 – Treaty of Giyanti signed by VOC, Pakubuwono III and Prince Mangkubumi. The treaty divides the Javanese kingdom of Mataram into 2: Sunanate of Surakarta and Sultanate of Yogyakarta.

1849 – The delegation headed by Metropolitan bishop Andrei Șaguna hands out to the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria the General Petition of Romanian leaders in Transylvania, Banat and Bukovina, which demands that the Romanian nation be recognized.

1861 – In Gaeta the capitulation of the fortress decreeing the end of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies is signed.

1867 – Work begins on the covering of the Senne, burying Brussels's primary river and creating the modern central boulevards.

1880 – Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect.

1913 – The 13th Dalai Lama proclaims Tibetan independence following a period of domination by Manchu Qing dynasty and initiated a period of almost four decades of independence.

1914 – Copyright: In New York City the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.

1920 – The Negro National League is formed.

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1931 – The British Raj completes its transfer from Calcutta to New Delhi.

1935 – A jury in Flemington, New Jersey finds Bruno Hauptmann guilty of the 1932 kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby, the son of Charles Lindbergh.

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1945 – World War II: The siege of Budapest concludes with the unconditional surrender of German and Hungarian forces to the Red Army.

1945 – World War II: Royal Air Force bombers are dispatched to Dresden, Germany to attack the city with a massive aerial bombardment.

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1951 – Korean War: Battle of Chipyong-ni, which represented the "high-water mark" of the Chinese incursion into South Korea, commences.

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1954 – Frank Selvy becomes the only NCAA Division I basketball player ever to score 100 points in a single game.

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1955 – Israel obtains four of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls.

1960 – With the success of a nuclear test codenamed "Gerboise Bleue", France becomes the fourth country to possess nuclear weapons.

1960 – Black college students stage the first of the Nashville sit-ins at three lunch counters in Nashville, Tennessee.

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1961 – An allegedly 500,000-year-old rock is discovered near Olancha, California, US, that appears to anachronistically encase a spark plug.

1967 – American researchers discover the Madrid Codices by Leonardo da Vinci in the National Library of Spain.

1975 – Fire at the World Trade Center in New York.

1978 – Hilton bombing: a bomb explodes in a refuse truck outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing two refuse collectors and a policeman.

1979 – An intense windstorm strikes western Washington and sinks a 1/2-mile-long section of the Hood Canal Bridge.

1981 – A series of sewer explosions destroys more than two miles of streets in Louisville, Kentucky.

1983 – A cinema fire in Turin, Italy, kills 64 people.

1984 – Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1990 – German reunification: An agreement is reached on a two-stage plan to reunite Germany.

1991 – Gulf War: Two laser-guided "smart bombs" destroy the Amiriyah shelter in Baghdad. Allied forces said the bunker was being used as a military communications outpost, but over 400 Iraqi civilians inside were killed.

1996 – The Nepalese Civil War is initiated in the Kingdom of Nepal by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist-Centre).

2001 – An earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter magnitude scale hits El Salvador, killing at least 400.

2004 – The Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics announces the discovery of the universe's largest known diamond, white dwarf star BPM 37093. Astronomers named this star "Lucy" after The Beatles' song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds".

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2007 – Taiwan opposition leader Ma Ying-jeou resigns as the chairman of the Kuomintang party after being indicted on charges of embezzlement during his tenure as the mayor of Taipei; Ma also announces his candidacy for the 2008 presidential election.

2008 – Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd makes a historic apology to the Indigenous Australians and the Stolen Generations.

2010 – A bomb explodes in the city of Pune, Maharashtra, India, killing 17 and injuring 60 more.

2011 – For the first time in more than 100 years the Umatilla, an American Indian tribe, are able to hunt and harvest a bison just outside Yellowstone National Park, restoring a centuries-old tradition guaranteed by a treaty signed in 1855.

2012 – The European Space Agency (ESA) conducted the first launch of the European Vega rocket from Europe's spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana.

2017 – Kim Jong-nam is assassinated at Kuala Lumpur International Airport.

CaptainCrunch

02-13-2018, 04:29 PM

Feb 14th

748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt.

842 – Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German languages.

1014 – Pope Benedict VIII crowns Henry of Bavaria, King of Germany and of Italy, as Holy Roman Emperor.

1076 – Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.

1130 – Pope Innocent II is elected.

1349 – Several hundred Jews are burned to death by mobs while the remaining Jews are forcibly removed from Strasbourg.

1400 – Richard II of England dies, most probably from starvation, in Pontefract Castle, on the orders of Henry Bolingbroke.

1530 – Spanish conquistadores, led by Nuño de Guzmán, overthrow and execute Tangaxuan II, the last independent monarch of the Tarascan state in present-day central Mexico.

1556 – Thomas Cranmer is declared a heretic.

1556 – Coronation of Akbar.

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1655 – Arauco War: The Mapuche under their elected military leader, Clentaru, rise up against the Spanish in an insurrection in present-day central Chile.

1778 – The United States flag is formally recognized by a foreign naval vessel for the first time, when French Admiral Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte renders a nine gun salute to USS Ranger, commanded by John Paul Jones.

1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Kettle Creek is fought in Georgia.

1779 – James Cook is killed by Native Hawaiians near Kealakekua on the Island of Hawaii.

1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Cape St. Vincent: John Jervis, (later 1st Earl of St Vincent) and Horatio Nelson (later 1st Viscount Nelson) lead the British Royal Navy to victory over a Spanish fleet in action near Gibraltar.

1804 – Karađorđe leads the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire.

1831 – Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray and defeats and kills Dejazmach Sabagadis in the Battle of Debre Abbay.

1835 – The original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, in the Latter Day Saint movement, is formed in Kirtland, Ohio.

1849 – In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first serving President of the United States to have his photograph taken.

1852 – Great Ormond St Hospital for Sick Children, the first hospital in England to provide in-patient beds specifically for children, is founded in London.

1855 – Texas is linked by telegraph to the rest of the United States, with the completion of a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas.

1859 – Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state.

1876 – Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray.

1879 – The War of the Pacific breaks out when Chilean armed forces occupy the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta.

1899 – Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.

1900 – British forces begin the Battle of the Tugela Heights in an effort to lift the Siege of Ladysmith.

1903 – The United States Department of Commerce and Labor is established (later split into the Department of Commerce and the Department of Labor).

1912 – Arizona is admitted as the 48th and the last contiguous U.S. state.

1912 – The U.S. Navy commissions its first class of diesel-powered submarines.

1918 – The Soviet Union adopts the Gregorian calendar (on 1 February according to the Julian calendar).

1919 – The Polish–Soviet War begins.

1920 – The League of Women Voters is founded in Chicago.

1924 – The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changes its name to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).

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1929 – Saint Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven people, six of them gangster rivals of Al Capone's gang, are murdered in Chicago.

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1942 – Battle of Pasir Panjang contributes to the fall of Singapore.

1943 – World War II: Rostov-on-Don, Russia is liberated.

1943 – World War II: Tunisia Campaign: General Hans-Jürgen von Arnim's Fifth Panzer Army launches a concerted attack against Allied positions in Tunisia.

1944 – World War II: In the Action of 14 February 1944, a British submarine sinks a German-controlled Italian submarine in the Strait of Malacca.

1945 – World War II: On the first day of the bombing of Dresden, the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces begin fire-bombing Dresden.

1945 – World War II: Navigational error leads to the mistaken bombing of Prague, Czechoslovakia by an American squadron of B-17s assisting in the Soviet's Vistula–Oder Offensive.

1945 – World War II: Mostar is liberated by Yugoslav partisans

1945 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt meets with King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia aboard the USS Quincy, officially beginning U.S.-Saudi diplomatic relations.

1946 – The Bank of England is nationalized.

1949 – The Knesset (Israeli parliament) convenes for the first time.

1949 – The Asbestos Strike begins in Canada. The strike marks the beginning of the Quiet Revolution in Quebec.

1950 – Chinese Civil War: The National Revolutionary Army instigates the unsuccessful Battle of Tianquan against the People's Liberation Army.

1961 – Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized at the University of California.

1966 – Australian currency is decimalized.

1979 – In Kabul, Setami Milli militants kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.

1983 – United American Bank of Knoxville, Tennessee collapses. Its president, Jake Butcher, is later convicted of fraud.

1989 – Union Carbide agrees to pay $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal disaster.

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1989 – Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini issues a fatwa encouraging Muslims to kill Salman Rushdie, author of The Satanic Verses.

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1990 – Ninety-two people are killed when Indian Airlines Flight 605 crashes in Bangalore, India.

1990 – The Voyager 1 spacecraft takes the photograph of planet Earth that later become famous as Pale Blue Dot.

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1998 – An oil tanker train collides with a freight train in Yaoundé, Cameroon, spilling fuel oil. One person scavenging the oil created a massive explosion which kills 120.

2000 – The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker enters orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.

2004 – In a suburb of Moscow, Russia, the roof of the Transvaal water park collapses, killing more than 25 people, and wounding more than 100 others.

2005 – Lebanese self-made billionaire and business tycoon Rafic Hariri is assassinated in Beirut, along with 21 other people, when the equivalent of around 1,000 kg of TNT is detonated as his motorcade drove near the St. George Hotel.

2005 – Seven people are killed and 151 wounded in a series of bombings by suspected al-Qaeda-linked militants that hit Makati, Davao City, and General Santos City, all in the Philippines.

2005 – YouTube is launched by a group of college students, eventually becoming the largest video sharing website in the world and a main source for viral videos.

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2008 – Northern Illinois University shooting: A gunman opened fire in a lecture hall of the DeKalb County, Illinois university resulting in six fatalities (including gunman) and 21 injuries.

2011 – As a part of Arab Spring, the Bahraini uprising begins with a 'Day of Rage'.

2012 – Rangers Football Club enter administration and are deducted 10 points in the SPL[1]

CaptainCrunch

02-14-2018, 12:23 PM

Feb 15th

590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.

706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberios III publicly executed in the Hippodrome of Constantinople.
1113 – Pope Paschal II issues Pie Postulatio Voluntatis, recognizing the Order of Hospitallers.

1214 – During the Anglo-French War (1213–1214), an English invasion force lands at La Rochelle in France.

1493 – While on board the Niña, Christopher Columbus writes an open letter (widely distributed upon his return to Portugal) describing his discoveries and the unexpected items he came across in the New World.

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1637 – Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

1690 – Constantin Cantemir, Prince of Moldavia, and the Holy Roman Empire sign a secret treaty in Sibiu, stipulating that Moldavia would support the actions led by the House of Habsburg against the Ottoman Empire.

1764 – The city of St. Louis is established in Spanish Louisiana (now in Missouri, USA).

1798 – The Roman Republic is proclaimed after Louis-Alexandre Berthier, a general of Napoleon, had invaded the city of Rome five days earlier.

1835 – The first constitutional law in modern Serbia is adopted.

1862 – American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant attacks Fort Donelson, Tennessee.

1870 – Stevens Institute of Technology is founded in New Jersey, USA and offers the first Bachelor of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering.

1879 – Women's rights: US President Rutherford B. Hayes signs a bill allowing female attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of the United States.

1891 – Allmänna Idrottsklubben (AIK) (Swedish Sports Club) is founded.

1898 – The battleship USS Maine explodes and sinks in Havana harbor in Cuba, killing 274. This event leads the United States to declare war on Spain.

1901 – The association football club Alianza Lima is founded in Lima, Peru, under the name Sport Alianza.

1909 – The Flores Theater fire in Acapulco, Mexico kills 250.

1921 – Kingdom of Romania establishes its legation in Helsinki.

1923 – Greece becomes the last European country to adopt the Gregorian calendar.

1925 – The 1925 serum run to Nome: The second delivery of serum arrives in Nome, Alaska.

1933 – In Miami, Giuseppe Zangara attempts to assassinate US President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt, but instead shoots Chicago mayor Anton J. Cermak, who dies of his wounds on March 6, 1933.

1942 – World War II: Fall of Singapore. Following an assault by Japanese forces, the British General Arthur Percival surrenders. About 80,000 Indian, United Kingdom and Australian soldiers become prisoners of war, the largest surrender of British-led military personnel in history.

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1944 – World War II: The assault on Monte Cassino, Italy begins.

1944 – World War II: The Narva Offensive begins.

1945 – World War II: Third day of bombing in Dresden.

1946 – ENIAC, the first electronic general-purpose computer, is formally dedicated at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

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1949 – Gerald Lankester Harding and Roland de Vaux begin excavations at Cave 1 of the Qumran Caves, where they will eventually discover the first seven Dead Sea Scrolls.

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1952 – King George VI of the United Kingdom is buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

1954 – Canada and the United States agree to construct the Distant Early Warning Line, a system of radar stations in the far northern Arctic regions of Canada and Alaska.

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1961 – Sabena Flight 548 crashes in Belgium, killing 73, including the entire United States figure skating team along with several of their coaches and family members.

1965 – A new red-and-white maple leaf design is adopted as the flag of Canada, replacing the old Canadian Red Ensign banner.

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1971 – The decimalisation of British coinage is completed on Decimal Day.

1972 – Sound recordings are granted U.S. federal copyright protection for the first time.

1972 – José María Velasco Ibarra, serving as President of Ecuador for the fifth time, is overthrown by the military for the fourth time.

1982 – The drilling rig Ocean Ranger sinks during a storm off the coast of Newfoundland, killing 84 workers.

1989 – Soviet–Afghan War: The Soviet Union officially announces that all of its troops have left Afghanistan.

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1991 – The Visegrád Agreement, establishing cooperation to move toward free-market systems, is signed by the leaders of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland.

1992 – Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer is sentenced in Milwaukee to life in prison.

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1996 – At the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in China, a Long March 3 rocket, carrying an Intelsat 708, crashes into a rural village after liftoff, killing many people.

2001 – The first draft of the complete human genome is published in Nature.

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2003 – Protests against the Iraq war take place in over 600 cities worldwide. It is estimated that between eight million to 30 million people participate, making this the largest peace demonstration in history.

2012 – Three hundred sixty people die in a fire at a Honduran prison in the city of Comayagua.

2013 – A meteor explodes over Russia, injuring 1,500 people as a shock wave blows out windows and rocks buildings. This happens unexpectedly only hours before the expected closest ever approach of the larger and unrelated asteroid 2012 DA14.

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FurnaceFace

02-14-2018, 12:36 PM

Feb 14th

1966 – Australian currency is decimalized.

1970 - Furnaceface is born ;-)

1979 – In Kabul, Setami Milli militants kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.

:whistle:

CaptainCrunch

02-14-2018, 12:42 PM

Thank god there are no videos of you being born on youtube, or CalgaryPuck might have had a mass lunch losing situation on their hands

:)

CaptainCrunch

02-15-2018, 12:14 PM

Feb 16th

116 – Emperor Trajan sends laureatae to the Roman Senate at Rome on account of his victories and being conqueror of Parthia.

1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire.

1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Karuse.

1630 – Dutch forces led by Hendrick Lonck capture Olinda in what was to become part of Dutch Brazil.

1646 – Battle of Torrington, Devon: The last major battle of the first English Civil War.

1699 – First Leopoldine Diploma is issued by the Holy Roman Emperor, recognizing the Greek Catholic clergy enjoyed the same privileges as Roman Catholic priests in the Principality of Transylvania.

1742 – Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, becomes British Prime Minister.

1804 – First Barbary War: Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate USS Philadelphia.

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1862 – American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant captures Fort Donelson, Tennessee.

1866 – Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington becomes British Secretary of State for War.

1881 – The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated by Act of Parliament at Ottawa (44th Vic., c.1).

1899 – Iceland's first football club, Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur, is founded.

1918 – The Council of Lithuania unanimously adopts the Act of Independence, declaring Lithuania an independent state.

1923 – Howard Carter unseals the burial chamber of Pharaoh Tutankhamun.

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1930 – The Romanian Football Federation joins FIFA.

1933 – The Blaine Act ends Prohibition in the United States.

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1934 – The Austrian Civil War ends with the defeat of the Social Democrats and the Republikanischer Schutzbund.

1936 – Elections bring the Popular Front to power in Spain.

1937 – Wallace H. Carothers receives a United States patent for nylon.

1940 – World War II: Altmark Incident: The German tanker Altmark is boarded by sailors from the British destroyer HMS Cossack. 299 British prisoners are freed.

1943 – World War II: In the early phases of the Third Battle of Kharkov, Red Army troops re-enter the city.

1945 – World War II: American forces land on Corregidor Island in the Philippines.

1959 – Fidel Castro becomes Premier of Cuba after dictator Fulgencio Batista was overthrown on January 1.

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1960 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Triton begins Operation Sandblast, setting sail from New London, Connecticut, to begin the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe.

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1961 – Explorer program: Explorer 9 (S-56a) is launched.

1962 – Flooding in the coastal areas of West Germany kills 315 and destroys the homes of about 60,000 people.

1968 – In Haleyville, Alabama, the first 9-1-1 emergency telephone system goes into service.

1978 – The first computer bulletin board system is created (CBBS in Chicago).

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1983 – The Ash Wednesday bushfires in Victoria and South Australia kill 75.

1985 – Hezbollah is founded.

1986 – The Soviet liner MS Mikhail Lermontov runs aground in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand.

1991 – Nicaraguan Contras leader Enrique Bermúdez is assassinated in Managua.

1996 – A Chicago-bound Amtrak train, the Capitol Limited, collides with a MARC commuter train bound for Washington, D.C., killing 11 people.

1998 – China Airlines Flight 676 crashes into a road and residential area near Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taiwan, killing all 196 aboard and seven more on the ground.

2005 – The Kyoto Protocol comes into force, following its ratification by Russia.

2005 – The National Hockey League cancels the entire 2004–05 regular season and playoffs.

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2006 – The last Mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) is decommissioned by the United States Army.

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2013 – A bomb blast at a market in Hazara Town, Quetta, Pakistan kills more than 80 people and injures 190 others.

CaptainCrunch

02-17-2018, 08:29 AM

Feb 17th

364 – Roman Emperor Jovian dies after a reign of eight months. He is found dead in his tent at Tyana (Asia Minor) en route back to Constantinople in suspicious circumstances.

1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau.

1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of Bayezid I, becomes Sultan with the support of Mircea I of Wallachia.

1500 – Duke Friedrich and Duke Johann attempt to subdue the peasantry of Dithmarschen, Denmark, in the Battle of Hemmingstedt.

1600 – The philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive, for heresy, at Campo de' Fiori in Rome.

1621 – Myles Standish is appointed as first military commander of the English Plymouth Colony in North America.

1753 – In Sweden February 17 is followed by March 1 as the country moves from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar.

1801 – An electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr is resolved when Jefferson is elected President of the United States and Burr, Vice President by the United States House of Representatives.

1814 – War of the Sixth Coalition: The Battle of Mormant.

1819 – The United States House of Representatives passes the Missouri Compromise for the first time.

1838 – Weenen massacre: Hundreds of Voortrekkers along the Blaukraans River, Natal are killed by Zulus.

1854 – The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Orange Free State.

1859 – Cochinchina Campaign: The French Navy captured the Citadel of Saigon, a fortress that was manned by 1,000 Nguyễn dynasty soldiers, en route to conquering Saigon and other regions of southern Viet Nam.

1863 – A group of citizens of Geneva founded an International Committee for Relief to the Wounded, which later became known as the International Committee of the Red Cross.

1864 – American Civil War: The H. L. Hunley becomes the first submarine to engage and sink a warship, the USS Housatonic.

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1865 – American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina, is burned as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces.

1867 – The first ship passes through the Suez Canal.

1871 – The victorious Prussian Army parades through Paris, France, after the end of the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War.

1904 – Madama Butterfly receives its première at La Scala in Milan.

1913 – The Armory Show opens in New York City, displaying works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.

1919 – The Ukrainian People's Republic asks Entente and the US for help fighting the Bolsheviks.

1933 – Newsweek magazine is first published.

1944 – World War II: The Battle of Eniwetok begins: The battle ends in an American victory on February 22.

1944 – World War II: Operation Hailstone begins: U.S. naval air, surface, and submarine attack against Truk Lagoon, Japan's main base in the central Pacific, in support of the Eniwetok invasion.

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1949 – Chaim Weizmann begins his term as the first President of Israel.

1959 – Project Vanguard: Vanguard 2: The first weather satellite is launched to measure cloud-cover distribution.

1964 – In Wesberry v. Sanders the Supreme Court of the United States rules that congressional districts have to be approximately equal in population.

1964 – Gabonese president Léon M'ba is toppled by a coup and his rival, Jean-Hilaire Aubame, is installed in his place.

1965 – Project Ranger: The Ranger 8 probe launches on its mission to photograph the Mare Tranquillitatis region of the Moon in preparation for the manned Apollo missions. Mare Tranquillitatis or the "Sea of Tranquility" would become the site chosen for the Apollo 11 lunar landing.

1968 – In Springfield, Massachusetts, the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame opens.

1972 – Cumulative sales of the Volkswagen Beetle exceed those of the Ford Model T.

1974 – Robert K. Preston, a disgruntled U.S. Army private, buzzes the White House in a stolen helicopter.

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1978 – The Troubles: The Provisional IRA detonates an incendiary bomb at the La Mon restaurant, near Belfast, killing 12 and seriously injuring 30 others, all Protestants.

1979 – The Sino-Vietnamese War begins.

1980 – First winter ascent of Mount Everest by Krzysztof Wielicki and Leszek Cichy.

1992 – Nagorno-Karabakh War: Armenian troops massacre more than 20 Azerbaijani civilians during the Capture of Garadaghly.

1995 – The Cenepa War between Peru and Ecuador ends on a ceasefire brokered by the UN.

1996 – In Philadelphia, world champion Garry Kasparov beats the Deep Blue supercomputer in a chess match.

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1996 – NASA's Discovery Program begins as the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft lifts off on the first mission ever to orbit and land on an asteroid, 433 Eros.

1996 – The 8.2 Mw Biak earthquake shakes the Papua province of eastern Indonesia with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). A large tsunami followed, leaving one-hundred sixty-six people dead or missing and 423 injured.

2006 – A massive mudslide occurs in Southern Leyte, Philippines; the official death toll is set at 1,126.

2008 – Kosovo declares independence as the Republic of Kosovo.

2011 – Libyan protests begin. In Bahrain, security forces launched a deadly pre-dawn raid on protesters in Pearl Roundabout in Manama, the day is locally known as Bloody Thursday.

2015 – Eighteen people are killed and 78 injured in a stampede at a Mardi Gras parade in Haiti.

2016 – Military vehicles explode outside a Turkish Armed Forces barracks in Ankara, Turkey, killing at least 29 people and injuring 61 others.

CaptainCrunch

02-18-2018, 08:44 AM

Feb 18th

1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.

1268 – The Livonian Order is defeated by Dovmont of Pskov in the Battle of Rakvere.

1332 – Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia begins his campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces.

1478 – George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is executed in private at the Tower of London.

1637 – Eighty Years' War: Off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an important Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by six warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.

1745 – The city of Surakarta, Central Java is founded on the banks of Bengawan Solo River, and becomes the capital of the Sunanate of Surakarta Hadiningrat.

1766 – A mutiny by captive Malagasy begins at sea on the slave ship Meermin, leading to the ship's destruction on Cape Agulhas in present-day South Africa and the recapture of the instigators.

1781 – Fourth Anglo-Dutch War: Captain Thomas Shirley opens his expedition against Dutch colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa (present-day Ghana).

1791 – Congress passes a law admitting the state of Vermont to the Union, effective 4 March, after that state had existed for 14 years as a de facto independent largely unrecognized state.

1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: Sir Ralph Abercromby and a fleet of 18 British warships invade Trinidad.

1814 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Montereau.

1861 – In Montgomery, Alabama, Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America.

1861 – With Italian unification almost complete, Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia assumes the title of King of Italy.

1865 – American Civil War: Union forces under Major General William T. Sherman set the South Carolina State House on fire during the burning of Columbia.

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1873 – Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski is executed by hanging in Sofia by the Ottoman authorities.

1878 – John Tunstall is murdered by outlaw Jesse Evans, sparking the Lincoln County War in Lincoln County, New Mexico.

1885 – Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is published in the United States.

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1900 – Second Boer War: Imperial forces suffer their worst single-day loss of life on Bloody Sunday, the first day of the Battle of Paardeberg.

1906 – Édouard de Laveleye forms the Belgian Olympic Committee in Brussels.

1911 – The first official flight with airmail takes place from Allahabad, United Provinces, British India (now India), when Henri Pequet, a 23-year-old pilot, delivers 6,500 letters to Naini, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away.

1930 – While studying photographs taken in January, Clyde Tombaugh discovers Pluto.

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1930 – Elm Farm Ollie becomes the first cow to fly in a fixed-wing aircraft and also the first cow to be milked in an aircraft.

1932 – The Empire of Japan declares a puppet state of Manzhouguo (the obsolete Chinese name for Manchuria) independent from the Republic of China and installed former Chinese Emperor Aisin Gioro Puyi as Chief Executive of the State.

1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: During the Nanking Massacre the Nanking Safety Zone International Committee is renamed "Nanking International Rescue Committee" and the safety zone in place for refugees falls apart.

1942 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Army begins the systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore.

1943 – World War II: The Nazis arrest the members of the White Rose movement.

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1943 – World War II: Joseph Goebbels delivers his Sportpalast speech.

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1946 – Sailors of the Royal Indian Navy mutiny in Bombay harbour, from where the action spreads throughout the Provinces of British India, involving 78 ships, twenty shore establishments and 20,000 sailors

1947 – First Indochina War: The French gain complete control of Hanoi after forcing the Viet Minh to withdraw to mountains.

1954 – The first Church of Scientology is established in Los Angeles.

1955 – Operation Teapot: Teapot test shot "Wasp" is successfully detonated at the Nevada Test Site with a yield of 1.2 kilotons. Wasp is the first of fourteen shots in the Teapot series.

1957 – Kenyan rebel leader Dedan Kimathi is executed by the British colonial government.

1957 – Walter James Bolton becomes the last person legally executed in New Zealand.

1965 – The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom.

1970 – The Chicago Seven are found not guilty of conspiring to incite riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.

1972 – The California Supreme Court in the case of People v. Anderson, (6 Cal.3d 628) invalidates the state's death penalty and commutes the sentences of all death row inmates to life imprisonment.

1977 – The Space Shuttle Enterprise test vehicle is carried on its maiden "flight" on top of a Boeing 747.

1979 – Richard Petty wins a then-record 6th Daytona 500 after leaders Donnie Allison and Cale Yarborough crash on the final lap of the first NASCAR race televised live flag-to-flag.

1983 – Thirteen people die and one is seriously injured in the Wah Mee massacre in Seattle. It is said to be the largest robbery-motivated mass-murder in U.S. history.

1991 – The IRA explodes bombs in the early morning at Paddington station and Victoria station in London.

2001 – FBI agent Robert Hanssen is arrested for spying for the Soviet Union. He is ultimately convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment.

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2001 – Seven-time NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion Dale Earnhardt dies in an accident during the Daytona 500.

2001 – Sampit conflict: Inter-ethnic violence between Dayaks and Madurese breaks out in Sampit, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, ultimately resulting in more than 500 deaths and 100,000 Madurese displaced from their homes.

2003 – Nearly 200 people die in the Daegu subway fire in South Korea.

2004 – Up to 295 people, including nearly 200 rescue workers, die near Nishapur, Iran when a runaway freight train carrying sulfur, petrol and fertilizer catches fire and explodes.

2010 – WikiLeaks publishes the first of hundreds of thousands of classified documents disclosed by the soldier now known as Chelsea Manning.

2013 – Armed robbers steal a haul of diamonds worth $50 million during a raid at Brussels Airport in Belgium.

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2014 – At least 76 people are killed and hundreds are injured in clashes between riot police and demonstrators in Kiev, Ukraine.

CaptainCrunch

02-19-2018, 10:29 AM

Feb 19th

197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.

356 – Emperor Constantius II issues a decree closing all pagan temples in the Roman Empire.

1594 – Having already been elected to the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1587, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa is crowned King of Sweden, having succeeded his father John III of Sweden in 1592.

1600 – The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.

1649 – The Second Battle of Guararapes takes place, effectively ending Dutch colonization efforts in Brazil.

1674 – England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England, and it is renamed New York.

1726 – The Supreme Privy Council is established in Russia.

1807 – Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason in Wakefield, Alabama and confined to Fort Stoddert.

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1819 – British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands and claims them in the name of King George III.

1846 – In Austin, Texas the newly formed Texas state government is officially installed. The Republic of Texas government officially transfers power to the State of Texas government following the annexation of Texas by the United States.

1847 – The first group of rescuers reaches the Donner Party.

1859 – Daniel E. Sickles, a New York Congressman, is acquitted of murder on grounds of temporary insanity.

1878 – Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.

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1884 – More than sixty tornadoes strike the Southern United States, one of the largest tornado outbreaks in U.S. history.

1913 – Pedro Lascuráin becomes President of Mexico for 45 minutes; this is the shortest term to date of any person as president of any country.

1915 – World War I: The first naval attack on the Dardanelles begins when a strong Anglo-French task force bombards Ottoman artillery along the coast of Gallipoli.

1937 – Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Ethiopian nationalists of Eritrean origin attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades.

1942 – World War II: Nearly 250 Japanese warplanes attack the northern Australian city of Darwin, killing 243 people.

1942 – World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs executive order 9066, allowing the United States military to relocate Japanese Americans to internment camps.

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1943 – World War II: Battle of Kasserine Pass in Tunisia begins.

1945 – World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima: About 30,000 United States Marines land on the island of Iwo Jima.

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1948 – The Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independence convenes in Calcutta.

1949 – Ezra Pound is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University.

1953 – Censorship: Georgia approves the first literature censorship board in the United States.

1954 – Transfer of Crimea: The Soviet Politburo of the Soviet Union orders the transfer of the Crimean Oblast from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR.

1959 – The United Kingdom grants Cyprus independence, which is formally proclaimed on August 16, 1960.

1960 – China successfully launches the T-7, its first sounding rocket.

1963 – The publication of Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique reawakens the feminist movement in the United States as women's organizations and consciousness raising groups spread.

1965 – Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, and a communist spy of the North Vietnamese Viet Minh, along with Generals Lâm Văn Phát and Trần Thiện Khiêm, all Catholics, attempt a coup against the military junta of the Buddhist Nguyễn Khánh.

1976 – Executive Order 9066, which led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, is rescinded by President Gerald Ford's Proclamation 4417.

1978 – Egyptian forces raid Larnaca International Airport in an attempt to intervene in a hijacking, without authorisation from the Republic of Cyprus authorities. The Cypriot National Guard and Police forces kill 15 Egyptian commandos and destroy the Egyptian C-130 transport plane in open combat.

1985 – William J. Schroeder becomes the first recipient of an artificial heart to leave hospital.

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1985 – Iberia Airlines Boeing 727 crashes into Mount Oiz in Spain, killing 148.

1986 – Akkaraipattu massacre: the Sri Lankan Army massacres 80 Tamil farm workers in eastern Sri Lanka.

2002 – NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.

2003 – An Ilyushin Il-76 military aircraft crashes near Kerman, Iran, killing 275.

2006 – A methane explosion in a coal mine near Nueva Rosita, Mexico, kills 65 miners.

2011 – The debut exhibition of the Belitung shipwreck, containing the largest collection of Tang dynasty artifacts found in one location, begins in Singapore.

2012 – Forty-four people are killed in a prison brawl in Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico.

CaptainCrunch

02-20-2018, 02:11 PM

Feb 20th

1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clashed in the Battle of Parabiago.

1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland in lieu of a dowry for Margaret of Denmark.

1547 – Edward VI of England is crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey.

1685 – René-Robert Cavelier establishes Fort St. Louis at Matagorda Bay thus forming the basis for France's claim to Texas.

1792 – The Postal Service Act, establishing the United States Post Office Department, is signed by United States President George Washington.

1798 – Louis-Alexandre Berthier removes Pope Pius VI from power.

1810 – Andreas Hofer, Tirolean patriot and leader of rebellion against Napoleon's forces, is executed.

1813 – Manuel Belgrano defeats the royalist army of Pío de Tristán during the Battle of Salta.

1816 – Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville premieres at the Teatro Argentina in Rome.

1835 – The 1835 Concepción earthquake destroys Concepción, Chile.

1846 – Polish insurgents lead an uprising in Kraków to incite a fight for national independence.

1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Olustee: The largest battle fought in Florida during the war.

1865 – End of the Uruguayan War, with a peace agreement between President Tomás Villalba and rebel leader Venancio Flores, setting the scene for the destructive War of the Triple Alliance.

1872 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art opens in New York City.

1877 – Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake receives its premiere at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.

1901 – The legislature of Hawaii Territory convenes for the first time.

1909 – Publication of the Futurist Manifesto in the French journal Le Figaro.

1913 – King O'Malley drives in the first survey peg to mark commencement of work on the construction of Canberra.

1931 – The Congress of the United States approves the construction of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge by the state of California.

1933 – The Congress of the United States proposes the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution that will end Prohibition in the United States.

1933 – Adolf Hitler secretly meets with German industrialists to arrange for financing of the Nazi Party's upcoming election campaign.

1935 – Caroline Mikkelsen becomes the first woman to set foot in Antarctica.

1942 – Lieutenant Edward O'Hare becomes America's first World War II flying ace.

1943 – American movie studio executives agree to allow the Office of War Information to censor movies.

1943 – The Saturday Evening Post publishes the first of Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms in support of United States President Franklin Roosevelt's 1941 State of the Union address theme of Four Freedoms.

1944 – World War II: The "Big Week" began with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.

1944 – World War II: The United States takes Eniwetok Island.

1952 – Emmett Ashford becomes the first African-American umpire in organized baseball by being authorized to be a substitute umpire in the Southwestern International League.

1956 – The United States Merchant Marine Academy becomes a permanent Service Academy.

1959 – The Avro Arrow program to design and manufacture supersonic jet fighters in Canada is cancelled by the Diefenbaker government amid much political debate.

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1962 – Mercury program: While aboard Friendship 7, John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit the earth, making three orbits in four hours, 55 minutes.

1965 – Ranger 8 crashes into the Moon after a successful mission of photographing possible landing sites for the Apollo program astronauts.

1971 – The United States Emergency Broadcast System is accidentally activated in an erroneous national alert.

1979 – Earthquake cracks Sinila volcanic crater in Dieng Plateau, releases poisonous H2S gas and kills 149 villagers in Indonesian province of Central Java.

1986 – The Soviet Union launches its Mir spacecraft. Remaining in orbit for 15 years, it is occupied for ten of those years.

1988 – The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast votes to secede from Azerbaijan and join Armenia, triggering the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

1991 – In the Albanian capital Tirana, a gigantic statue of Albania's long-time leader, Enver Hoxha, is brought down by mobs of angry protesters.

1998 – American figure skater Tara Lipinski becomes the youngest gold-medalist at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.

2003 – During a Great White concert in West Warwick, Rhode Island, a pyrotechnics display sets the Station nightclub ablaze, killing 100 and injuring over 200 others.

2005 – Spain becomes the first country to vote in a referendum on ratification of the proposed Constitution of the European Union, passing it by a substantial margin, but on a low turnout.

2009 – Two Tamil Tigers aircraft packed with C4 explosives en route to the national airforce headquarters are shot down by the Sri Lankan military before reaching their target, in a kamikaze style attack.

2010 – In Madeira Island, Portugal, heavy rain causes floods and mudslides, resulting in at least 43 deaths, in the worst disaster in the history of the archipelago.

2014 – Dozens of Euromaidan anti-government protesters died in Ukraine's capital Kiev, many reportedly killed by snipers.

2015 – Two trains collide in the Swiss town of Rafz resulting in as many as 49 people injured and Swiss Federal Railways cancelling some services.

2016 – Six people are killed and two injured in multiple shooting incidents in Kalamazoo County, Michigan.

CaptainCrunch

02-21-2018, 12:43 PM

Feb 21st

362 – Athanasius returns to Alexandria.

1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.

1437 – James I of Scotland is assassinated.

1440 – The Prussian Confederation is formed.

1543 – Battle of Wayna Daga: A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeats a Muslim army led by Ahmed Gragn.

1613 – Mikhail I is unanimously elected Tsar by a national assembly, beginning the Romanov dynasty of Imperial Russia.

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1797 – A force of 1,400 French soldiers invaded Britain at Fishguard in support of the Society of United Irishmen. They were defeated by 500 British reservists.

1804 – The first self-propelling steam locomotive makes its outing at the Pen-y-Darren Ironworks in Wales.

1808 – Without a previous declaration of war, Russian troops cross the border to Sweden at Abborfors in eastern Finland, thus beginning the Finnish War, in which Sweden will lose the eastern half of the country (i.e. Finland) to Russia.

1828 – Initial issue of the Cherokee Phoenix is the first periodical to use the Cherokee syllabary invented by Sequoyah.

1842 – John Greenough is granted the first U.S. patent for the sewing machine.

1848 – Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.

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1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Valverde is fought near Fort Craig in New Mexico Territory.

1874 – The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first edition.

1878 – The first telephone directory is issued in New Haven, Connecticut.

1885 – The newly completed Washington Monument is dedicated.

1896 – An Englishman raised in Australia, Bob Fitzsimmons, fought an Irishman, Peter Maher, in an American promoted event which technically took place in Mexico, winning the 1896 World Heavyweight Championship in boxing.

1913 – Ioannina is incorporated into the Greek state after the Balkan Wars.

1916 – World War I: In France, the Battle of Verdun begins.

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1918 – The last Carolina parakeet dies in captivity at the Cincinnati Zoo.

1919 – German socialist Kurt Eisner is assassinated. His death results in the establishment of the Bavarian Soviet Republic and parliament and government fleeing Munich, Germany.

1921 – Constituent Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Georgia adopts the country's first constitution.

1921 – Rezā Shāh takes control of Tehran during a successful coup.

1925 – The New Yorker publishes its first issue.

1937 – The League of Nations bans foreign national "volunteers" in the Spanish Civil War.

1945 – World War II: During the Battle of Iwo Jima, Japanese kamikaze planes sink the escort carrier USS Bismarck Sea and damage the USS Saratoga.

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1945 – World War II: the Brazilian Expeditionary Force defeat the German forces in the Battle of Monte Castello on the Italian front

1947 – In New York City, Edwin Land demonstrates the first "instant camera", the Polaroid Land Camera, to a meeting of the Optical Society of America.

1948 – NASCAR is incorporated.

1952 – The British government, under Winston Churchill, abolishes identity cards in the UK to "set the people free".

1952 – The Bengali Language Movement protests occur at the University of Dhaka in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

1958 – The CND symbol, aka peace symbol, commissioned by the Direct Action Committee in protest against the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, is designed and completed by Gerald Holtom.

1965 – Malcolm X is assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City.

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1971 – The Convention on Psychotropic Substances is signed at Vienna.

1972 – United States President Richard Nixon visits the People's Republic of China to normalize Sino-American relations.

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1972 – The Soviet unmanned spaceship Luna 20 lands on the Moon.

1973 – Over the Sinai Desert, Israeli fighter aircraft shoot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 jet killing 108 people.

1974 – The last Israeli soldiers leave the west bank of the Suez Canal pursuant to a truce with Egypt.

1975 – Watergate scandal: Former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell and former White House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman are sentenced to prison.

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1995 – Steve Fossett lands in Leader, Saskatchewan, Canada becoming the first person to make a solo flight across the Pacific Ocean in a balloon.

2013 – At least 17 people are killed and 119 injured following several bombings in the Indian city of Hyderabad.

CaptainCrunch

02-22-2018, 01:19 PM

Feb 22nd

705 – Empress Wu Zetian abdicates the throne, restoring the Tang dynasty.

1316 – Battle of Picotin between Ferdinand of Majorca and the forces of Matilda of Hainaut

1371 – Robert II becomes King of Scotland, beginning the Stuart dynasty.

1495 – King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne.

1632 – Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published.

1651 – St. Peter's Flood: A storm surge floods the Frisian coast, drowning 15,000 people.

1744 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Battle of Toulon causes several Royal Navy captains to be court-martialed, and the Articles of War to be amended.

1797 – The last Invasion of Britain begins near Fishguard, Wales.

1819 – By the Adams–Onís Treaty, Spain sells Florida to the United States for five million U.S. dollars.

1821 – Greek War of Independence: Alexander Ypsilantis crosses the Prut river at Sculeni into the Danubian Principalities.

1847 – Mexican–American War: The Battle of Buena Vista: Five thousand American troops defeat 15,000 Mexicans troops.

1848 – The French Revolution of 1848, which would lead to the establishment of the French Second Republic, begins.

1853 – Washington University in St. Louis is founded as Eliot Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri.

1855 – The Pennsylvania State University is founded in State College, Pennsylvania (as the Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania).

1856 – The United States Republican Party opens its first national convention in Pittsburgh.

1862 – Jefferson Davis is officially inaugurated for a six-year term as the President of the Confederate States of America in Richmond, Virginia. He was previously inaugurated as a provisional president on February 18, 1861.

1872 – The Prohibition Party holds its first national convention in Columbus, Ohio, nominating James Black as its presidential nominee.

1878 – In Utica, New York, Frank Woolworth opens the first of many of five-and-dime Woolworth stores.

1889 – President Grover Cleveland signs a bill admitting North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington as U.S. states.

1899 – Filipino forces led by General Antonio Luna launch counterattacks for the first time against the American forces during the Philippine–American War. The Filipinos fail to regain Manila from the Americans.

1904 – The United Kingdom sells a meteorological station on the South Orkney Islands to Argentina; the islands are subsequently claimed by the United Kingdom in 1908.

1907 – Robert Baden-Powell made the first scouting camp in Brownsea, England.

1909 – The sixteen battleships of the Great White Fleet, led by USS Connecticut, return to the United States after a voyage around the world.

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1915 – World War I: The Imperial German Navy institutes unrestricted submarine warfare.

1921 – After Russian forces under Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg drive the Chinese out, the Bogd Khan is reinstalled as the emperor of Mongolia.

1924 – U.S. President Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President to deliver a radio address from the White House.

1942 – World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur out of the Philippines as the Japanese victory becomes inevitable.

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1943 – World War II: Members of the White Rose resistance, Sophie Scholl, Hans Scholl, and Christoph Probst are executed in Nazi Germany.

1944 – World War II: American aircraft mistakenly bomb the Dutch towns of Nijmegen, Arnhem, Enschede and Deventer, resulting in 800 dead in Nijmegen alone.

1944 – World War II: The Soviet Red Army recaptures Krivoi Rog.

1957 – Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam survives a communist shooting assassination attempt in Buôn Ma Thuột.

1958 – Egypt and Syria join to form the United Arab Republic.

1959 – Lee Petty wins the first Daytona 500.

1972 – The Official Irish Republican Army detonates a car bomb at Aldershot barracks, killing seven and injuring nineteen others.

1973 – Cold War: Following President Richard Nixon's visit to the People's Republic of China, the two countries agree to establish liaison offices.

1974 – The Organisation of the Islamic Conference summit begins in Lahore, Pakistan. Thirty-seven countries attend and twenty-two heads of state and government participate. It also recognizes Bangladesh.

1974 – Samuel Byck attempts to hijack an aircraft at Baltimore/Washington International Airport with the intention of crashing it into the White House to assassinate Richard Nixon, but is killed by police.[1]

1980 – Miracle on Ice: In Lake Placid, New York, the United States hockey team defeats the Soviet Union hockey team 4–3.

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1983 – The notorious Broadway flop Moose Murders opens and closes on the same night at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre.

1986 – Start of the People Power Revolution in the Philippines.

1994 – Aldrich Ames and his wife are charged by the United States Department of Justice with spying for the Soviet Union.

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1995 – The Corona reconnaissance satellite program, in existence from 1959 to 1972, is declassified.

1997 – In Roslin, Midlothian, British scientists announce that an adult sheep named Dolly has been successfully cloned.

2002 – Angolan political and rebel leader Jonas Savimbi is killed in a military ambush.

2005 – The 6.4 Mw Zarand earthquake shakes the Kerman Province of Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving 612 people dead and 1,411 injured.

2006 – At least six men stage Britain's biggest robbery, stealing £53m (about $92.5 million or €78 million) from a Securitas depot in Tonbridge, Kent.

2011 – New Zealand's second deadliest earthquake strikes Christchurch, killing 185 people.

2011 – Bahraini uprising: Tens of thousands of people march in protest against the deaths of seven victims killed by police and army forces during previous protests.

2012 – A train crash in Buenos Aires, Argentina, kills 51 people and injures 700 others.

2014 – President Viktor Yanukovych of Ukraine is impeached by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine by a vote of 328–0, fulfilling a major goal of the Euromaidan rebellion.

2015 – A ferry carrying 100 passengers capsizes in the Padma River, killing 70 people.

2018 – A man throws a grenade at the U.S embassy in Podgorica, Montenegro. He dies at the scene from a second explosion, with no one else hurt.

CaptainCrunch

02-23-2018, 12:23 PM

Feb 23rd

303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.

532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I orders the building of a new Orthodox Christian basilica in Constantinople – the Hagia Sophia.

1455 – Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western book printed with movable type.

1554 – Mapuche forces, under the leadership of Lautaro, score a victory over the Spanish at the Battle of Marihueñu in Chile.

1739 – At York Castle, the outlaw Dick Turpin is identified by his former schoolteacher. Turpin had been using the name Richard Palmer.

1778 – American Revolutionary War: Baron von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania to help to train the Continental Army.

1820 – Cato Street Conspiracy: A plot to murder all the British cabinet ministers is exposed.

1836 – Texas Revolution: The Siege of the Alamo (prelude to the Battle of the Alamo) begins in San Antonio, Texas.

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1847 – Mexican–American War: Battle of Buena Vista: In Mexico, American troops under future president General Zachary Taylor defeat Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.

1854 – The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.

1861 – President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C., after the thwarting of an alleged assassination plot in Baltimore, Maryland.

1870 – Reconstruction Era: Post-U.S. Civil War military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union.

1883 – Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an anti-trust law.

1885 – Sino-French War: French Army gains an important victory in the Battle of Đồng Đăng in the Tonkin region of Vietnam.

1886 – Charles Martin Hall produced the first samples of man-made aluminum, after several years of intensive work. He was assisted in this project by his older sister, Julia Brainerd Hall.

1887 – The French Riviera is hit by a large earthquake, killing around 2,000.

1898 – Émile Zola is imprisoned in France after writing "J'accuse", a letter accusing the French government of antisemitism and wrongfully imprisoning Captain Alfred Dreyfus.

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1900 – Second Boer War: During the Battle of the Tugela Heights, the first British attempt to take Hart's Hill fails.

1903 – Cuba leases Guantánamo Bay to the United States "in perpetuity".

1905 – Chicago attorney Paul Harris and three other businessmen meet for lunch to form the Rotary Club, the world's first service club.

1909 – The AEA Silver Dart makes the first powered flight in Canada and the British Empire.

1917 – First demonstrations in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The beginning of the February Revolution (March 8 in the Gregorian calendar).

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1927 – U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs a bill by Congress establishing the Federal Radio Commission (later replaced by the Federal Communications Commission) which was to regulate the use of radio frequencies in the United States.

1927 – German theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg writes a letter to fellow physicist Wolfgang Pauli, in which he describes his uncertainty principle for the first time.

1934 – Leopold III becomes King of Belgium.

1941 – Plutonium is first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg.

1942 – World War II: Japanese submarines fire artillery shells at the coastline near Santa Barbara, California.

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1943 – A fire breaks out at Saint Joseph's Orphanage, County Cavan, Ireland, killing 35 children and one adult.

1943 – Greek Resistance: The United Panhellenic Organization of Youth is founded in Greece.

1944 – The Soviet Union begins the forced deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people from the North Caucasus to Central Asia.

1945 – World War II: During the Battle of Iwo Jima, a group of United States Marines and a U.S. Navy hospital corpsman reach the top of Mount Suribachi on the island and are photographed raising the American flag.

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1945 – World War II: The 11th Airborne Division, with Filipino guerrillas, free the captives of the Los Baños internment camp.

1945 – World War II: The capital of the Philippines, Manila, is liberated by combined Filipino and American forces.

1945 – World War II: Capitulation of German garrison in Poznań. The city is liberated by Soviet and Polish forces.

1945 – World War II: The German town of Pforzheim is annihilated in a raid by 379 British bombers.

1954 – The first mass inoculation of children against polio with the Salk vaccine begins in Pittsburgh.

1966 – In Syria, Ba'ath Party member Salah Jadid leads an intra-party military coup that replaces the previous government of General Amin al-Hafiz, also a Baathist.

1974 – The Symbionese Liberation Army demands $4 million more to release kidnap victim Patty Hearst.

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1980 – Iran hostage crisis: Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament will decide the fate of the American embassy hostages.

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1981 – In Spain, Antonio Tejero attempts a coup d'état by capturing the Spanish Congress of Deputies.

1983 – The United States Environmental Protection Agency announces its intent to buy out and evacuate the dioxin-contaminated community of Times Beach, Missouri.

1987 – Supernova 1987a is seen in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

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1991 – In Thailand, General Sunthorn Kongsompong leads a bloodless coup d'état, deposing Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan.

1998 – In the United States, tornadoes in central Florida destroy or damage 2,600 structures and kill 42 people.

1999 – Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason in Ankara, Turkey.

2007 – A train derails on an evening express service near Grayrigg, Cumbria, England, killing one person and injuring 88. This results in hundreds of points being checked over the UK after a few similar accidents.

2008 – A United States Air Force B-2 Spirit bomber crashes on Guam, marking the first operational loss of a B-2.

2010 – Unknown criminals pour more than 2.5 million liters of diesel oil and other hydrocarbons into the river Lambro, in northern Italy, sparking an environmental disaster.

2012 – A series of attacks across Iraq leave at least 83 killed and more than 250 injured.

2017 – The Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army captures Al-Bab from ISIL.

CaptainCrunch

02-25-2018, 09:36 AM

Feb 24th (took yesterday off, caught up today.

303 – Galerius publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Roman Empire.

484 – King Huneric removes the Christian bishops from their offices and banished some to Corsica. A few are martyred, including former proconsul Victorian along with Frumentius and other merchants. They are killed at Hadrumetum after refusing to become Arians.

1303 – Battle of Roslin, of the First War of Scottish Independence.

1386 – King Charles III of Naples and Hungary is assassinated at Buda.

1525 – A Spanish-Austrian army defeats a French army at the Battle of Pavia.

1538 – Treaty of Nagyvárad between Ferdinand I and John Zápolya.

1582 – With the papal bull Inter gravissimas, Pope Gregory XIII announces the Gregorian calendar.

1607 – L'Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi, one of the first works recognized as an opera, receives its première performance.

1711 – The London première of Rinaldo by George Frideric Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage.

1739 – Battle of Karnal: The army of Iranian ruler Nader Shah defeats the forces of the Mughal emperor of India, Muhammad Shah.

1803 – In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court of the United States establishes the principle of judicial review.

1809 – London's Drury Lane Theatre burns to the ground, leaving owner Richard Brinsley Sheridan destitute.

1821 – Final stage of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain with Plan of Iguala.

1822 – The first Swaminarayan temple in the world, Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Ahmedabad, is inaugurated.

1826 – The signing of the Treaty of Yandabo marks the end of the First Anglo-Burmese War.

1831 – The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty in accordance with the Indian Removal Act, is proclaimed. The Choctaws in Mississippi cede land east of the river in exchange for payment and land in the West.

1848 – King Louis-Philippe of France abdicates the throne.

1854 – A Penny Red with perforations was the first perforated postage stamp to be officially issued for distribution.

1863 – Arizona is organized as a United States territory.

1868 – Andrew Johnson becomes the first President of the United States to be impeached by the United States House of Representatives. He is later acquitted in the Senate.

1875 – The SS Gothenburg hits the Great Barrier Reef and sinks off the Australian east coast, killing approximately 100, including a number of high-profile civil servants and dignitaries.

1881 – China and Russia sign the Sino-Russian Ili Treaty.

1895 – Revolution breaks out in Baire, a town near Santiago de Cuba, beginning the Cuban War of Independence, that ends with the Spanish–American War in 1898.

1916 – The Governor-General of Korea establishes a clinic called Jahyewon in Sorokdo to segregate Hansen's disease patients.

1917 – World War I: The U.S. ambassador Walter Hines Page to the United Kingdom is given the Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany pledges to ensure the return of New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona to Mexico if Mexico declares war on the United States.

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1918 – Estonian Declaration of Independence.

1920 – The Nazi Party is founded.

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1920 – Nancy Astor became the first woman to speak in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom following her election as a Member of Parliament (MP) three months earlier.

1942 – The Battle of Los Angeles: A false alarm led to an anti-aircraft barrage that lasted into the early hours of February 25.

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1942 – An order-in-council passed under the Defence of Canada Regulations of the War Measures Act gives the Canadian federal government the power to intern all "persons of Japanese racial origin".

1944 – Merrill's Marauders: The Marauders begin their 1,000-mile journey through Japanese occupied Burma.

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1945 – Egyptian Premier Ahmad Mahir Pasha is killed in Parliament after reading a decree.

1946 – Colonel Juan Perón, founder of the political movement that became known as Peronism, is elected to his first term as President of Argentina.

1968 – Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive is halted; South Vietnam recaptures Hué.

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1971 – The All India Forward Bloc holds an emergency central committee meeting after its chairman, Hemantha Kumar Bose, is killed three days earlier. P.K. Mookiah Thevar is appointed as the new chairman.

1976 – The current constitution of Cuba is formally proclaimed.

1980 – The United States Olympic hockey team completes its Miracle on Ice by defeating Finland 4–2 to win the gold medal.

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1981 – The 6.7 Ms Gulf of Corinth earthquake affected Central Greece with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). Twenty-two people were killed, 400 were injured, and damage totaled $812 million.

1983 – A special commission of the United States Congress condemns the Japanese American internment during World War II.

1984 – Tyrone Mitchell perpetrates the 49th Street Elementary School shooting in Los Angeles, killing two children and injuring 12 more.

1989 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini issues a fatwa and offers a USD $3 million bounty for the death of Salman Rushdie, author of The Satanic Verses.

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1989 – United Airlines Flight 811, bound for New Zealand from Honolulu, rips open during flight, blowing nine passengers out of the business-class section.

1991 – Gulf War: Ground troops cross the Saudi Arabian border and enter Iraq, thus beginning the ground phase of the war.

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1996 – Two civilian airplanes operated by the Miami-based group Brothers to the Rescue are shot down in international waters by the Cuban Air Force.

2004 – The 6.3 Mw Al Hoceima earthquake strikes northern Morocco with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). At least 628 people are killed, 926 are injured, and up to 15,000 are displaced.

2006 – Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo declares Proclamation 1017 placing the country in a state of emergency in attempt to subdue a possible military coup.

2007 – Japan launches its fourth spy satellite, stepping up its ability to monitor potential threats such as North Korea.

2008 – Fidel Castro retires as the President of Cuba and the Council of Ministers after 32 years. He remains as head of the Communist Party for another three years.

2015 – A Metrolink train derails in Oxnard, California following a collision with a truck, leaving more than 30 injured.

2016 – Tara Air Flight 193, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft, crashed, with 23 fatalities, in Solighopte, Myagdi District, Dhaulagiri Zone, while en route from Pokhara Airport to Jomsom Airport.

CaptainCrunch

02-25-2018, 09:53 AM

May 25th

138 – The Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor.

493 – Odoacer surrenders Ravenna after a 3-year siege and agrees to a mediated peace with Theoderic the Great.

628 – Khosrow II, the last great king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.

1336 – Four thousand defenders of Pilėnai commit mass suicide rather than be taken captive by the Teutonic Knights.

1631 – François de Bassompierre, a French courtier, is arrested on Richelieu's orders.

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1797 – Colonel William Tate and his force of 1000–1500 soldiers surrender after the Last invasion of Britain.

1831 – Battle of Olszynka Grochowska, part of Polish November Uprising against Russian Empire.

1836 – Samuel Colt is granted a United States patent for the Colt revolver.

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1843 – Lord George Paulet occupies the Kingdom of Hawaii in the name of Great Britain in the Paulet Affair (1843).

1848 – Provisional government in revolutionary France, by Louis Blanc's motion, guarantees workers' rights.

1856 – A Peace conference opens in Paris after the Crimean War.

1866 – Miners in Calaveras County, California, discover what is now called the Calaveras Skull – human remains that supposedly indicated that man, mastodons, and elephants had co-existed.

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1870 – Hiram Rhodes Revels, a Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate, becoming the first African American ever to sit in the U.S. Congress.

1875 – Guangxu Emperor of Qing dynasty China begins his reign, under Empress Dowager Cixi's regency.

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1901 – J. P. Morgan incorporates the United States Steel Corporation.

1912 – Marie-Adélaïde, the eldest of six daughters of Guillaume IV, becomes the first reigning Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.

1916 – World War I: The Germans capture Fort Douaumont during the Battle of Verdun.

1919 – Oregon places a one cent per U.S. gallon tax on gasoline, becoming the first U.S. state to levy a gasoline tax.

1921 – Tbilisi, capital of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, is occupied by Bolshevist Russia.

1928 – Charles Jenkins Laboratories of Washington, D.C. becomes the first holder of a broadcast license for television from the Federal Radio Commission.

1932 – Adolf Hitler obtains German citizenship by naturalization, which allows him to run in the 1932 election for Reichspräsident.

1933 – The USS Ranger is launched. It is the first US Navy ship to be designed from the start of construction as an aircraft carrier.

1939 – The first of 21⁄2 million Anderson air raid shelters appeared in North London.

1941 – February strike: In occupied Amsterdam, a general strike is declared in response to increasing anti-Jewish measures instituted by the Nazis.

1945 – World War II: Turkey declares war on Germany.

1947 – The formal abolition of Prussia is proclaimed by the Allied Control Council. The Prussian government had already been abolished by the Preußenschlag of 1932.

1948 – The Communist Party takes control of government in Czechoslovakia and the period of the Third Republic ends.

1951 – The first Pan American Games were officially opened in Buenos Aires, Argentina by President Juan Perón.

1954 – Gamal Abdel Nasser is made premier of Egypt.

1956 – In his speech On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union denounces the cult of personality of Joseph Stalin.

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1964 – North Korean Prime Minister Kim Il-sung calls for the removal of feudalistic land ownership aimed at turning all cooperative farms into state-run ones.

1968 – Vietnam War: One hundred thirty-five unarmed citizens of Hà My village in South Vietnam's Quảng Nam Province are killed and buried en masse by South Korean troops in what would come to be known as the Hà My massacre.

1980 – The government of Suriname is overthrown by a military coup led by Dési Bouterse.

1986 – People Power Revolution: President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos flees the nation after 20 years of rule; Corazon Aquino becomes the Philippines' first woman president.

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1987 – Southern Methodist University's football program is the first college football program to be banned from competition by the NCAA's Committee on Infractions.

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1991 – Gulf War: An Iraqi scud missile hits an American military barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia killing 28 U.S. Army Reservists from Pennsylvania.

1991 – The Warsaw Pact is abolished.

1992 – Khojaly massacre: About 613 civilians are killed by Armenian armed forces during the conflict in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan.

1994 – Mosque of Abraham massacre: In the Cave of the Patriarchs in the West Bank city of Hebron, Baruch Goldstein opens fire with an automatic rifle, killing 29 Palestinian worshippers and injuring 125 more before being subdued and beaten to death by survivors.

1997 – Yi Han-yong, a North Korean defector, was murdered by unidentified assailants in Bundang, South Korea.

2009 – Members of the Bangladesh Rifles mutiny at their headquarters in Pilkhana, Dhaka, Bangladesh, resulting in 74 deaths, including more than 50 army officials.

2009 – Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 crashed during landing at the Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, Netherlands, primarily due to a faulty radio altimeter, resulting in the death of nine passengers and crew including all three pilots.

2015 – At least 310 people are killed in avalanches in northeastern Afghanistan.

2016 – Three people are killed and fourteen others injured in a series of shootings in the small Kansas cities of Newton and Hesston.

CaptainCrunch

02-26-2018, 12:18 PM

Feb 26th

747 BC – Epoch (origin) of Ptolemy's Nabonassar Era.

364 – Valentinian I is proclaimed Roman emperor.

1233 – Mongol–Jin War: The Mongols capture Kaifeng, the capital of the Jin dynasty, after besieging it for months.

1266 – Battle of Benevento: An army led by Charles, Count of Anjou, defeats a combined German and Sicilian force led by Manfred, King of Sicily. Manfred is killed in the battle and Pope Clement IV invests Charles as king of Sicily and Naples.

1616 – Galileo Galilei is formally banned by the Roman Catholic Church from teaching or defending the view that the earth orbits the sun.

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1794 – The first Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen burns down.

1815 – Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba.

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1876 – Japan and Korea sign a treaty granting Japanese citizens extraterritoriality rights, opening three ports to Japanese trade, and ending Korea's status as a tributary state of Qing dynasty China.

1909 – Kinemacolor, the first successful color motion picture process, is first shown to the general public at the Palace Theatre in London.

1914 – HMHS Britannic, sister to the RMS Titanic, is launched at Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast.

1919 – President Woodrow Wilson signs an act of Congress establishing the Grand Canyon National Park.

1929 – President Calvin Coolidge signs an executive order establishing the 96,000 acre Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming.

1935 – Adolf Hitler orders the Luftwaffe to be re-formed, violating the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.

1935 – Robert Watson-Watt carries out a demonstration near Daventry which leads directly to the development of radar in the United Kingdom.

1936 – In the February 26 Incident, young Japanese military officers attempt to stage a coup against the government.

1952 – Vincent Massey is sworn in as the first Canadian-born Governor General of Canada.

1960 – A New York-bound Alitalia airliner crashes into a cemetery in Shannon, Ireland, shortly after takeoff, killing 34 of the 52 persons on board.

1966 – Apollo program: Launch of AS-201, the first flight of the Saturn IB rocket

1971 – U.N. Secretary-General U Thant signs United Nations proclamation of the vernal equinox as Earth Day.

1979 – The Superliner railcar enters revenue service with Amtrak.

1980 – Egypt and Israel establish full diplomatic relations.

1987 – Iran–Contra affair: The Tower Commission rebukes President Ronald Reagan for not controlling his national security staff.

1992 – Nagorno-Karabakh War: Khojaly Massacre: Armenian armed forces open fire on Azeri civilians at a military post outside the town of Khojaly leaving hundreds dead.

1993 – 1993 World Trade Center bombing: In New York City, a truck bomb parked below the North Tower of the World Trade Center explodes, killing six and injuring over a thousand.

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1995 – The UK's oldest investment banking institute, Barings Bank, collapses after a rogue securities broker Nick Leeson loses $1.4 billion by speculating on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange using futures contracts.

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1996 – Keddies, the Southend-on-Sea department store closes it doors after 104 years of trading.

2008 – The New York Philharmonic performs in Pyongyang, North Korea; this is the first event of its kind to take place in North Korea.

2012 – A train derails in Burlington, Ontario, Canada killing at least three people and injuring 45.

2013 – A hot air balloon crashes near Luxor, Egypt, killing 19 people.

CaptainCrunch

02-27-2018, 12:30 PM

Feb 27th

380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II, declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to trinitarian Christianity.

425 – The University of Constantinople is founded by Emperor Theodosius II at the urging of his wife Aelia Eudocia.

907 – Abaoji, a Khitan chieftain, is enthroned as Emperor Taizu, establishing the Liao dynasty in northern China.

1560 – The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Lords of the Congregation of Scotland.

1594 – Henry IV is crowned King of France.

1617 – Sweden and Russia sign the Treaty of Stolbovo, ending the Ingrian War and shutting Russia out of the Baltic Sea.

1626 – Yuan Chonghuan is appointed Governor of Liaodong, after he led the Chinese into a great victory against the Manchurians under Nurhaci.

1700 - The island of New Britain is discovered.

1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge in North Carolina breaks up a Loyalist militia.

1782 – American Revolutionary War: The House of Commons of Great Britain votes against further war in America.

1801 – Pursuant to the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801, Washington, D.C. is placed under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress.

1809 – Action of 27 February 1809: Captain Bernard Dubourdieu captures HMS Proserpine

1812 – Argentine War of Independence: Manuel Belgrano raises the Flag of Argentina in the city of Rosario for the first time.

1812 – Poet Lord Byron gives his first address as a member of the House of Lords, in defense of Luddite violence against Industrialism in his home county of Nottinghamshire.

1844 – The Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti.

1860 – Abraham Lincoln makes a speech at Cooper Union in the city of New York that is largely responsible for his election to the Presidency.

1861 – Russian troops fire on a crowd in Warsaw protesting against Russian rule over Poland, killing five protesters.

1864 – American Civil War: The first Northern prisoners arrive at the Confederate prison at Andersonville, Georgia.

1870 – The current flag of Japan is first adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships.

1881 – First Boer War: The Battle of Majuba Hill takes place.

1898 – King George I of Greece survives an assassination attempt.

1900 – Second Boer War: In South Africa, British military leaders receive an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronjé at the Battle of Paardeberg.

1900 – The British Labour Party is founded.

1900 – Fußball-Club Bayern München is founded.

1902 – Second Boer War: Australian soldiers Harry "Breaker" Morant and Peter Handcock are executed in Pretoria after being convicted of war crimes.

1921 – The International Working Union of Socialist Parties is founded in Vienna.

1922 – A challenge to the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, allowing women the right to vote, is rebuffed by the Supreme Court of the United States in Leser v. Garnett.

1933 – Reichstag fire: Germany's parliament building in Berlin, the Reichstag, is set on fire; Marinus van der Lubbe, a young Dutch Communist claims responsibility. The Nazis used the fire to solidify their power and eliminate the communists as political rivals.

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1939 – United States labor law: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that sit-down strikes violate property owners' rights and are therefore illegal.

1940 – Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discover carbon-14.

1942 – World War II: During the Battle of the Java Sea, an Allied strike force is defeated by a Japanese task force in the Java Sea in the Dutch East Indies.

1943 – The Smith Mine #3 in Bearcreek, Montana, explodes, killing 74 men.

1943 – In Berlin, the Gestapo arrest 1,800 Jewish men with German wives, leading to the Rosenstrasse protest.

1951 – The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, limiting Presidents to two terms, is ratified.

1961 – The first congress of the Spanish Trade Union Organisation is inaugurated.

1962 – Two dissident Republic of Vietnam Air Force pilots bomb the Independence Palace in Saigon in a failed attempt to assassinate South Vietnam President Ngô Đình Diệm.

1963 – The Dominican Republic receives its first democratically elected president, Juan Bosch, since the end of the dictatorship led by Rafael Trujillo.

1964 – The Government of Italy asks for help to keep the Leaning Tower of Pisa from toppling over.

1971 – Doctors in the first Dutch abortion clinic (the Mildredhuis in Arnhem) start performing artificially-induced abortions.

1976 – The formerly Spanish territory of Western Sahara, under the auspices of the Polisario Front declares independence as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

1988 – Sumgait pogrom: The Armenian community in Sumgait, Azerbaijan is targeted in a violent pogrom.

1991 – Gulf War: U.S. President George H. W. Bush announces that "Kuwait is liberated".

2002 – Ryanair Flight 296 catches fire at London Stansted Airport. Subsequent investigations criticize Ryanair's handling of the evacuation.

2002 – Godhra train burning: A Muslim mob torches a train returning from Ayodhya, killing 59 Hindu pilgrims.

2004 – A bombing of a Superferry by Abu Sayyaf in the Philippines' worst terrorist attack kills 116.

2004 – Shoko Asahara, the leader of the Japanese doomsday cult Aum Shinrikyo, is sentenced to death for masterminding the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack

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2007 – The Chinese Correction: The Shanghai Stock Exchange falls 9%, the largest drop in ten years.

2010 – An earthquake measuring 8.8 on the moment magnitude scale strikes central parts of Chile leaving over 500 victims, and thousands injured. The quake triggered a tsunami which struck Hawaii shortly after.

2013 – Five people (including the perpetrator) are killed and five others injured in a shooting at a factory in Menznau, Switzerland.

2015 – Assassination of Boris Nemtsov occurs.

CaptainCrunch

02-28-2018, 12:30 PM

Feb 28th

202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.

628 – Khosrow II is executed by Mihr Hormozd under the orders of Kavadh II.

870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.

1246 – The siege of Jaén ends in the context of the Spanish Reconquista resulting in the Castilian takeover of the city from the Taifa of Jaen.

1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on the order of conquistador Hernán Cortés.

1638 – The Scottish National Covenant is signed in Edinburgh.

1700 – Today is followed by March 1 in Sweden, thus creating the Swedish calendar.

1710 – Battle of Helsingborg: 14,000 Danish invaders under Jørgen Rantzau are decisively defeated by an equally sized Swedish force under Magnus Stenbock. This is the last time Swedish and Danish troops meet on Swedish soil.

1728 – Peshwa Bajirao I of the Maratha Empire defeats Asaf Jah I in the Battle of Palkhed

1784 – John Wesley charters the Methodist Church.

1827 – The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is incorporated, becoming the first railroad in America offering commercial transportation of both people and freight.

1838 – Robert Nelson, leader of the Patriotes, proclaims the independence of Lower Canada (today Quebec).

1844 – A gun on USS Princeton explodes while the boat is on a Potomac River cruise, killing six people, including two United States Cabinet members.

1847 – The Battle of the Sacramento River during the Mexican–American War is a decisive victory for the United States leading to the capture of Chihuahua.

1849 – Regular steamship service from the east to the west coast of the United States begins with the arrival of the SS California in San Francisco Bay, four months 22 days after leaving New York Harbor.

1867 – Seventy years of Holy See–United States relations are ended by a Congressional ban on federal funding of diplomatic envoys to the Vatican and are not restored until January 10, 1984.

1870 – The Bulgarian Exarchate is established by decree of Sultan Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire.

1874 – One of the longest cases ever heard in an English court ends when the defendant is convicted of perjury for attempting to assume the identity of the heir to the Tichborne baronetcy.

1885 – The American Telephone and Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York as the subsidiary of American Bell Telephone. (American Bell would later merge with its subsidiary.)

1893 – The USS Indiana, the lead ship of her class and the first battleship in the United States Navy comparable to foreign battleships of the time, is launched.

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1897 – Queen Ranavalona III, the last monarch of Madagascar, is deposed by a French military force.

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1900 – The Second Boer War: The 118-day "Siege of Ladysmith" is lifted.

1904 – S.L. Benfica is founded in Portugal.

1922 – The United Kingdom ends its protectorate over Egypt through a Unilateral Declaration of Independence.

1925 – The Charlevoix-Kamouraska earthquake strikes northeastern North America.

1933 – Gleichschaltung: The Reichstag Fire Decree is passed in Germany a day after the Reichstag fire.

1935 – DuPont scientist Wallace Carothers invents nylon.

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1939 – The erroneous word "dord" is discovered in the Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition, prompting an investigation.

1940 – Basketball is televised for the first time (Fordham University vs. the University of Pittsburgh in Madison Square Garden).

1942 – The heavy cruiser USS Houston is sunk in the Battle of Sunda Strait with 693 crew members killed, along with HMAS Perth which lost 375 men.

1947 – February 28 Incident: In Taiwan, civil disorder is put down with the loss of an estimated 30,000 civilians.

1948 – Christiansborg Cross-Roads shooting in the Gold Coast, when a British police officer opens fire on a march of ex-servicemen, killing three of them and sparking major riots and looting in Accra.

1953 – James Watson and Francis Crick announce to friends that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA; the formal announcement takes place on April 25 following publication in April's Nature (pub. April 2).

1954 – The first color television sets using the NTSC standard are offered for sale to the general public.

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1958 – A school bus in Floyd County, Kentucky hits a wrecker truck and plunges down an embankment into the rain-swollen Levisa Fork river. The driver and 26 children die in what remains one of the worst school bus accidents in U.S. history.

1959 – Discoverer 1, an American spy satellite that is the first object intended to achieve a polar orbit, is launched but fails to achieve orbit.

1972 – China–United States relations: The United States and China sign the Shanghai Communiqué.

1975 – In London, an underground train fails to stop at Moorgate terminus station and crashes into the end of the tunnel, killing 43 people.

1980 – Andalusia approves its statute of autonomy through a referendum.

1983 – The final episode of M*A*S*H airs, with almost 106 million viewers. It still holds the record for the highest viewership of a season finale.

1985 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry, killing nine officers in the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.

1986 – Olof Palme, 26th Prime Minister of Sweden, is assassinated in Stockholm.

1991 – The first Gulf War ends.

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1993 – The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents raid the Branch Davidian church in Waco, Texas with a warrant to arrest the group's leader David Koresh. Four ATF agents and six Davidians die in the initial raid, starting a 51-day standoff.

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1995 – Former Australian Liberal party leader John Hewson resigns from the Australian parliament almost two years after losing the Australian federal election, 1993.

1997 – An earthquake in northern Iran is responsible for about 3,000 deaths.

1997 – GRB 970228, a highly luminous flash of gamma rays, strikes the Earth for 80 seconds, providing early evidence that gamma-ray bursts occur well beyond the Milky Way.

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1998 – First flight of RQ-4 Global Hawk, the first unmanned aerial vehicle certified to file its own flight plans and fly regularly in U.S. civilian airspace.

1998 – Kosovo War: Serbian police begin the offensive against the Kosovo Liberation Army in Kosovo.

2002 – During the religious violence in Gujarat, the 97 people killed in the Naroda Patiya massacre and 69 in Gulbarg Society massacre.

2004 – Over one million Taiwanese participate in the 228 Hand-in-Hand rally form a 500-kilometre (310 mi) long human chain to commemorate the February 28 Incident in 1947

2005 – A suicide bombing at a police recruiting centre in Al Hillah, Iraq kills 127.

2013 – Pope Benedict XVI resigns as the pope of the Catholic Church, becoming the first pope to do so since Pope Gregory XII, in 1415.

CaptainCrunch

03-01-2018, 03:53 PM

March 1st

509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.

86 BC – Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters Athens, removing the tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus ending the Siege of Athens and Piraeus.

293 – Emperor Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesars. This is considered the beginning of the Tetrarchy, known as the Quattuor Principes Mundi ("Four Rulers of the World").

317 – Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Licinius Iunior, son of Emperor Licinius, are made Caesares.

350 – Vetranio is asked by Constantina, sister of Constantius II, to proclaim himself Caesar.

834 – Emperor Louis the Pious is restored as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire. After his re-accession to the throne, his eldest son Lothair I flees to Burgundy.

1457 – The Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland. It is to date the second oldest Protestant denomination.

1476 – Forces of the Catholic Monarchs engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of Afonso V and Prince John at the Battle of Toro.

1562 – Sixty-three Huguenots are massacred in Wassy, France, marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.

1565 – The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.

1628 – Writs issued in February by Charles I of England mandate that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.

1633 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.

1642 – Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine), becomes the first incorporated city in the United States.

1692 – Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and Tituba are brought before local magistrates in Salem Village, Massachusetts, beginning what would become known as the Salem witch trials.

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1700 – Sweden introduces its own Swedish calendar, in an attempt to gradually merge into the Gregorian calendar, reverts to the Julian calendar on this date in 1712, and introduces the Gregorian calendar on this date in 1753.

1713 – The siege and destruction of Fort Neoheroka begins during the Tuscarora War in North Carolina, effectively opening up the colony's interior to European colonization.

1781 – The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.

1790 – The first United States census is authorized.

1793 – French Revolutionary War: Battle of Aldenhoven during the Flanders Campaign.

1796 – The Dutch East India Company is nationalized by the Batavian Republic.

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1805 – Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial by the U.S. Senate.

1811 – Leaders of the Mamluk dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.

1815 – Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.

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1815 – Georgetown University's congressional charter is signed into law by President James Madison.

1836 – A convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.

1845 – United States President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.

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1852 – Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

1854 – German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in a canal near Charlottenburg.

1867 – Nebraska becomes the 37th U.S. state; Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.

1868 – The Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity is founded at the University of Virginia.

1870 – Marshal F. S. López dies during the Battle of Cerro Corá thus marking the end of the Paraguayan War.

1872 – Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park.

1873 – E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York begins production of the first practical typewriter.

1881 – The first Minnesota State Capitol burns down due to a fire.

1886 – The Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore is founded by Bishop William Oldham.

1893 – Electrical engineer Nikola Tesla gives the first public demonstration of radio in St. Louis, Missouri.

1896 – Battle of Adwa: An Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War.

1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactive decay.

1901 – The Australian Army is formed.

1910 – The worst avalanche in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people.

1914 – The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.

1917 – The Zimmermann Telegram is reprinted in newspapers across the United States after the U.S. government releases its unencrypted text.

1919 – March 1st Movement begins in Korea under Japanese rule.

1921 – The Australian cricket team captained by Warwick Armstrong becomes the first team to complete a whitewash of The Ashes, something that would not be repeated for 86 years.

1932 – Charles Lindbergh's son is reportedly kidnapped.

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1936 – The Hoover Dam is completed.

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1939 – An Imperial Japanese Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, Japan, killing 94.

1941 – World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers.

1942 – World War II: Japanese forces land on Java, the main island of the Dutch East Indies, at Merak and Banten Bay (Banten), Eretan Wetan (Indramayu) and Kragan (Rembang).

1946 – The Bank of England is nationalised.

1947 – The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.

1949 – Indonesian Army recaptures and occupies for six hours its capital city Yogyakarta from the Dutch.

1950 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by disclosing top secret atomic bomb data.

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1953 – Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later.

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1954 – Nuclear weapons testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.

1954 – Armed Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.

1956 – The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.

1956 – Formation of the East German Nationale Volksarmee.

1958 – Samuel Alphonsus Stritch is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the Roman Curia.

1961 – United States President John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.

1961 – Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections.

1964 – Villarrica Volcano begins a strombolian eruption causing lahars that destroy half of the town of Coñaripe.

1966 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.

1966 – The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.

1971 – President of Pakistan Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.

1972 – The Thai province of Yasothon is created after being split off from the Ubon Ratchathani Province.

1973 – Black September storms the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages.

1974 – Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.

1981 – Provisional Irish Republican Army member Bobby Sands begins his hunger strike in HM Prison Maze.

1990 – Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

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1991 – Uprisings against Saddam Hussein begin in Iraq, leading to the death of more than 25,000 people mostly civilian.

1992 – Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

1998 – Titanic became the first film to gross over $1 billion worldwide.

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2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.

2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800 kilometers (500 mi) above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500 kilograms (8.5 tons).

2003 – Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.

2003 – The International Criminal Court holds its inaugural session in The Hague.

2005 – In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of murder is unconstitutional.

2006 – English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.

2007 – Tornadoes break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20 people, including eight at Enterprise High School.

2008 – The Armenian police clash with peaceful opposition rally protesting against allegedly fraudulent presidential elections, as a result ten people are killed.

2014 – At least 29 people are killed and 130 injured in a mass stabbing at Kunming Railway Station in China.

CaptainCrunch

03-01-2018, 04:03 PM

Yeah and for all of those dorks who claim to have been born on a day that doesn't exist.

Here's your it likely didn't happen because its not real events of Feb 29th

1504 – Christopher Columbus uses his knowledge of a lunar eclipse that night to convince Native Americans to provide him with supplies.

1644 – Abel Tasman's second Pacific voyage began.

1704 – Queen Anne's War: French forces and Native Americans stage a raid on Deerfield, Massachusetts Bay Colony, killing 56 villagers and taking more than 100 captive.

1712 – February 29 is followed by February 30 in Sweden, in a move to abolish the Swedish calendar for a return to the Julian calendar.

1720 – Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden abdicates in favour of her husband, who becomes King Frederick I on 24 March.

1752 – King Alaungpaya founds Konbaung Dynasty, the last dynasty of Burmese monarchy.

1768 – Polish nobles formed Bar Confederation.

1796 – The Jay Treaty between the United States and Great Britain comes into force, facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the two nations.

1864 – American Civil War: Kilpatrick–Dahlgren Raid fails: Plans to free 15,000 Union soldiers being held near Richmond, Virginia are thwarted.

1892 – St. Petersburg, Florida is incorporated.

1912 – The Piedra Movediza (Moving Stone) of Tandil falls and breaks.

1916 – Tokelau is annexed by the United Kingdom.

1916 – Child labor: In South Carolina, the minimum working age for factory, mill, and mine workers is raised from twelve to fourteen years old.

1920 – Czechoslovak National assembly adopted the Constitution.

1936 – February 26 Incident in Tokyo ends.

1940 – For her performance as "Mammy" in Gone with the Wind, Hattie McDaniel becomes the first African American to win an Academy Award.

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1940 – Finland initiates Winter War peace negotiations.

1940 – In a ceremony held in Berkeley, California, because of the war, physicist Ernest Lawrence receives the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics from Sweden's Consul General in San Francisco.

1944 – World War II: The Admiralty Islands are invaded in Operation Brewer led by American General Douglas MacArthur.

1960 – The 5.7 Mw Agadir earthquake shakes coastal Morocco with a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme), destroying Agadir, and leaving 12,000 dead and another 12,000 injured.

1964 – In Sydney, Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser sets a new world record in the 100-meter freestyle swimming competition (58.9 seconds).

1972 – Vietnam War: Vietnamization: South Korea withdraws 11,000 of its 48,000 troops from Vietnam.

1980 – Gordie Howe of the then Hartford Whalers makes NHL history as he scores his 800th goal.

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1988 – South African archbishop Desmond Tutu is arrested along with 100 clergymen during a five-day anti-apartheid demonstration in Cape Town.

1988 – Svend Robinson becomes the first member of the Canadian House of Commons to come out as gay.

1992 – First day of Bosnia and Herzegovina independence referendum.

1996 – Faucett Flight 251 crashes in the Andes, all 123 passengers and crew died.

1996 – Siege of Sarajevo officially ends.

2000 – Second Chechen War: Eighty-four Russian paratroopers are killed in a rebel attack on a guard post near Ulus Kert.

2004 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide is removed as President of Haiti following a coup.

2008 – The United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence decides to withdraw Prince Harry from a tour of Afghanistan "immediately" after a leak led to his deployment being reported by foreign media.

2008 – Misha Defonseca admits to fabricating her memoir, Misha: A Mémoire of the Holocaust Years, in which she claimed to have lived with a pack of wolves in the woods during the Holocaust.

2012 – Tokyo Skytree construction completed. It is, as of 2017, the tallest tower in the world, 634 meters high, and second tallest (man-made) structure on Earth, next to Burj Khalifa.

CaptainCrunch

03-02-2018, 12:24 PM

March 2nd

537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his bucellarii are almost cut off.

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986 – Louis V becomes King of the Franks.

1127 – Assassination of Charles the Good, Count of Flanders.

1444 – Skanderbeg organizes a group of Albanian nobles to form the League of Lezhë.

1458 – George of Poděbrady is chosen as the king of Bohemia.

1476 – Burgundian Wars: The Old Swiss Confederacy hands Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, a major defeat in the Battle of Grandson in Canton of Neuchâtel.

1484 – The College of Arms is formally incorporated by Royal Charter signed by King Richard III of England.

1498 – Vasco da Gama's fleet visits the Island of Mozambique.

1561 – Mendoza, Argentina is founded by Spanish conquistador Pedro del Castillo.

1657 – Great Fire of Meireki: A fire in Edo (now Tokyo), Japan, caused more than 100,000 deaths; it lasted three days

1717 – The Loves of Mars and Venus is the first ballet performed in England.

1776 – American Revolutionary War: Patriot militia units arrest the Royal Governor of Georgia James Wright and attempt to prevent capture of supply ships in the Battle of the Rice Boats.

1791 – Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris.

1797 – The Bank of England issues the first one-pound and two-pound banknotes.

1807 – The U.S. Congress passes the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves, disallowing the importation of new slaves into the country.

1808 – The inaugural meeting of the Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is held in Edinburgh.

1811 – Argentine War of Independence: A royalist fleet defeats a small flotilla of revolutionary ships in the Battle of San Nicolás on the River Plate.

1815 – Signing of the Kandyan Convention treaty by British invaders and the leaders of the Kingdom of Kandy.

1825 – Roberto Cofresí, one of the last successful Caribbean pirates, is defeated in combat and captured by authorities.

1836 – Texas Revolution: The Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico is adopted.

1855 – Alexander II becomes Tsar of Russia.

1859 – The two-day Great Slave Auction, the largest such auction in United States history, begins.

1865 – East Cape War: The Völkner Incident in New Zealand.

1867 – The U.S. Congress passes the first Reconstruction Act.

1877 – U.S. presidential election, 1876: Just two days before inauguration, the U.S. Congress declares Rutherford B. Hayes the winner of the election even though Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote on November 7, 1876.

1882 – Queen Victoria narrowly escapes an assassination attempt by Roderick McLean in Windsor.

1896 – The Battle of Adwa - The Italian Army defeated by the Ethiopian Army in Adwa, Tigray, Ethiopia.

1901 – United States Steel Corporation is founded as a result of a merger between Carnegie Steel Company and Federal Steel Company which became the first corporation in the world with a market capital over $1 billion.

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1901 – The U.S. Congress passes the Platt Amendment limiting the autonomy of Cuba, as a condition of the withdrawal of American troops.

1903 – In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens, becoming the first hotel exclusively for women.

1917 – The enactment of the Jones–Shafroth Act grants Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.

1919 – The first Communist International meets in Moscow

1933 – The film King Kong opens at New York's Radio City Music Hall.

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1937 – The Steel Workers Organizing Committee signs a collective bargaining agreement with U.S. Steel, leading to unionization of the United States steel industry.

1939 – Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope and takes the name Pius XII.

1941 – World War II: First German military units enter Bulgaria after it joins the Axis Pact.

1943 – World War II: Battle of the Bismarck Sea: United States and Australian forces sink Japanese convoy ships.

1946 – Ho Chi Minh is elected the President of North Vietnam.

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1949 – Captain James Gallagher lands his B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II in Fort Worth, Texas after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight in 94 hours and one minute.

1955 – Norodom Sihanouk, king of Cambodia, abdicates the throne in favor of his father, Norodom Suramarit.

1956 – Morocco gains its independence from France.

1961 – John F. Kennedy announces the creation of the Peace Corps in a nationally televised broadcast.

1962 – In Burma, the army led by General Ne Win seizes power in a coup d'état.

1962 – Wilt Chamberlain sets the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association by scoring 100 points.

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1965 – The US and Republic of Vietnam Air Force begin Operation Rolling Thunder, a sustained bombing campaign against North Vietnam.

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1968 – Baggeridge Colliery closes marking the end of over 300 years of coal mining in the Black Country.[1]

1969 – In Toulouse, France, the first test flight of the Anglo-French Concorde is conducted.

1970 – Rhodesia declares itself a republic, breaking its last links with the British crown.

1972 – The Pioneer 10 space probe is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets.

1977 – Libya becomes the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya as the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People".

1978 – Czech Vladimír Remek becomes the first non-Russian or non-American to go into space, when he is launched aboard Soyuz 28.

1983 – Compact discs and players are released for the first time in the United States and other markets. They had previously been available only in Japan.

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1989 – Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of the century.

1990 – Nelson Mandela is elected deputy President of the African National Congress.

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1991 – Battle at Rumaila oil field brings an end to the 1991 Gulf War.

1992 – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, San Marino, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan join the United Nations.

1995 – Researchers at Fermilab announce the discovery of the top quark.

1995 – Yahoo! is incorporated.

1998 – Data sent from the Galileo spacecraft indicates that Jupiter's moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice.

2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins, (ending on March 19 after killing 500 Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters, with 11 Western troop fatalities).

2004 – War in Iraq: Al-Qaeda carries out the Ashoura Massacre in Iraq, killing 170 and wounding over 500.

2012 – A tornado outbreak occurred over a large section of the Southern United States and into the Ohio Valley region, resulting in 40 tornado-related fatalities

2017 – The elements Moscovium, Tennessine, and Oganesson were officially added to the periodic table at a conference in Moscow, Russia

CaptainCrunch

03-03-2018, 04:31 PM

March 3rd

473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan.

1284 – The Statute of Rhuddlan incorporates the Principality of Wales into England.

1575 – Indian Mughal Emperor Akbar defeats Bengali army at the Battle of Tukaroi.

1585 – The Olympic Theatre, designed by Andrea Palladio, is inaugurated in Vicenza.

1776 – American Revolutionary War: The first amphibious landing of the United States Marine Corps begins the Battle of Nassau.

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1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Continental Army is routed at the Battle of Brier Creek near Savannah, Georgia.

1799 – The Russo-Ottoman siege of Corfu ends with the surrender of the French garrison.

1820 – The U.S. Congress passes the Missouri Compromise.

1845 – Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state.

1849 – The Territory of Minnesota was created.

1857 – Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.

1859 – The two-day Great Slave Auction, the largest such auction in United States history, concludes.

1861 – Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing serfs.

1865 – Opening of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, the founding member of the HSBC Group.

1873 – Censorship in the United States: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.

1875 – Georges Bizet's opera Carmen receives its première at the Opéra-Comique in Paris.

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1875 – The first ever organized indoor game of ice hockey is played in Montreal, Quebec, Canada as recorded in the Montreal Gazette.

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1878 – The Russo-Turkish War ends with Bulgaria regaining its independence from the Ottoman Empire according to the Treaty of San Stefano; a few months afterwards the Congress of Berlin stripped its status to a vassal principality of the Ottoman Empire.

1885 – The American Telephone & Telegraph Company is incorporated in New York.

1904 – Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany becomes the first person to make a sound recording of a political document, using Thomas Edison's phonograph cylinder.

1910 – Rockefeller Foundation: John D. Rockefeller Jr. announces his retirement from managing his businesses so that he can devote all his time to philanthropy.

1913 – Thousands of women march in a suffrage parade in Washington, D.C.

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1918 – Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, agreeing to withdraw from World War I, and conceding German control of the Baltic States, Belarus and Ukraine. It also conceded Turkish control of Ardahan, Kars and Batumi.

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1923 – TIME magazine is published for the first time.

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1924 – The fourteenth-century Islamic caliphate is abolished when Caliph Abdülmecid II of the Ottoman Empire is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of Kemal Atatürk.

1924 – The Free State of Fiume is annexed by the Kingdom of Italy.

1931 – The United States adopts The Star-Spangled Banner as its national anthem.

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1938 – Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia.

1939 – In Bombay, Mohandas Gandhi begins a hunger strike in protest at the autocratic rule in British India.

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1940 – Five people are killed in an arson attack on the offices of the communist newspaper Flamman in Luleå, Sweden.

1942 – World War II: Ten Japanese warplanes raid Broome, Western Australia, killing more than 100 people.

1943 – World War II: In London, 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter an air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station.

1944 – The Order of Nakhimov and Order of Ushakov are instituted in USSR as the highest naval awards.

1945 – World War II: American and Filipino troops recapture Manila.

1945 – World War II: The RAF accidentally bombs the Bezuidenhout area of The Hague, Netherlands, killing 511 people.

1951 – Jackie Brenston, with Ike Turner and his band, records "Rocket 88", often cited as "the first rock and roll record", at Sam Phillips's recording studios in Memphis, Tennessee.

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1953 – A De Havilland Comet (Canadian Pacific Air Lines) crashes in Karachi, Pakistan, killing 11.

1958 – Nuri al-Said becomes Prime Minister of Iraq for the eighth time.

1969 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module.

1972 – Mohawk Airlines Flight 405 crashes as a result of a control malfunction and insufficient training in emergency procedures.

1974 – Turkish Airlines Flight 981 crashes at Ermenonville near Paris, France killing all 346 aboard.

1980 – The USS Nautilus is decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register.

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1985 – Arthur Scargill declares that the National Union of Mineworkers' national executive voted to end the longest-running industrial dispute in Great Britain without any peace deal over pit closures.

1985 – A magnitude 8.3 earthquake strikes the Valparaíso Region of Chile, killing 177 and leaving nearly a million people homeless.

1986 – The Australia Act 1986 commences, causing Australia to become fully independent from the United Kingdom.

1991 – An amateur video captures the beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles police officers.

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1997 – The tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere, Sky Tower in downtown Auckland, New Zealand, opens after two-and-a-half years of construction.

2005 – James Roszko murders four Royal Canadian Mounted Police constables during a drug bust at his property in Rochfort Bridge, Alberta, then commits suicide. This is the deadliest peace-time incident for the RCMP since 1885 and the North-West Rebellion.

2005 – Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly an airplane non-stop around the world solo without refueling.

2005 – Margaret Wilson is elected as Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives, beginning a period lasting until August 23, 2006 where all the highest political offices (including Elizabeth II as Head of State), were occupied by women, making New Zealand the first country for this to occur.

2013 – A bomb blast in Karachi, Pakistan, kills at least 45 people and injured 180 others in a predominately Shia Muslim area.

2017 – Nintendo releases the hybrid Nintendo Switch video game console worldwide to critical acclaim, later becoming the fastest selling console in the United States.

CaptainCrunch

03-04-2018, 02:21 PM

March 4th

AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title princeps iuventutis (head of the youth).

306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.

852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a statute, a document with the first known written mention of the Croats name in Croatian sources.

932 – Translation of the relics of martyr Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, Prince of the Czechs.

1152 – Frederick I Barbarossa is elected King of Germany.

1238 – The Battle of the Sit River is fought in the northern part of the present-day Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia between the Mongol hordes of Batu Khan and the Russians under Yuri II of Vladimir-Suzdal during the Mongol invasion of Rus'.

1351 – Ramathibodi becomes King of Siam.

1386 – Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) is crowned King of Poland.

1461 – Wars of the Roses in England: Lancastrian King Henry VI is deposed by his House of York cousin, who then becomes King Edward IV.

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1493 – Explorer Christopher Columbus arrives back in Lisbon, Portugal, aboard his ship Niña from his voyage to what are now The Bahamas and other islands in the Caribbean.

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1519 – Hernán Cortés arrives in Mexico in search of the Aztec civilization and its wealth.

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1628 – The Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter.

1665 – English King Charles II declares war on the Netherlands marking the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

1675 – John Flamsteed is appointed the first Astronomer Royal of England.

1681 – Charles II grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania.

1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Continental Army fortifies Dorchester Heights with cannon, leading the British troops to abandon the Siege of Boston.

1789 – In New York City, the first Congress of the United States meets, putting the United States Constitution into effect. The United States Bill of Rights is written and proposed to Congress.

1790 – France is divided into 83 départements, cutting across the former provinces in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based on ownership of land by the nobility.

1791 – The Constitutional Act of 1791 is introduced by the British House of Commons in London which envisages the separation of Canada into Lower Canada (Quebec) and Upper Canada (Ontario).

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1791 – Vermont is admitted to the United States as the fourteenth state.

1794 – The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is passed by the U.S. Congress.

1797 – John Adams is inaugurated as the 2nd President of the United States of America, becoming the first President to begin his presidency on March 4.

1804 – Castle Hill Rebellion: Irish convicts rebel against British colonial authority in the Colony of New South Wales.

1813 – Cyril VI of Constantinople is elected Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

1814 – Americans defeat British forces at the Battle of Longwoods between London, Ontario and Thamesville, near present-day Wardsville, Ontario.

1837 – The city of Chicago is incorporated.

1848 – Carlo Alberto di Savoia signs the Statuto Albertino that will later represent the first constitution of the Regno d'Italia.

1861 – The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Stars and Bars") is adopted.

1865 – The third and final national flag of the Confederate States of America is adopted by the Confederate Congress.

1882 – Britain's first electric trams run in east London.

1890 – The longest bridge in Great Britain, the Forth Bridge in Scotland, measuring 1,710 feet (520 m) long, is opened by the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII.

1899 – Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of Cooktown, Queensland, with a 12 metres (39 ft) wave that reaches up to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) inland, killing over 300.

1908 – The Collinwood school fire, Collinwood near Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people.

1909 – U.S. President William Taft used what became known as a Saxbe fix, a mechanism to avoid the restriction of the U.S. Constitution's Ineligibility Clause, to appoint Philander C. Knox as U.S. Secretary of State

1913 – First Balkan War: The Greek army engages the Turks at Bizani, resulting in victory two days later.

1913 – The United States Department of Labor is formed.

1917 – Jeannette Rankin of Montana becomes the first female member of the United States House of Representatives.

1933 – Frances Perkins becomes United States Secretary of Labor, the first female member of the United States Cabinet.

1933 – The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure – Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates an authoritarian rule by decree.

1941 – World War II: The United Kingdom launches Operation Claymore on the Lofoten Islands; the first large scale British Commando raid.

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1943 – World War II: The Battle of the Bismarck Sea in the south-west Pacific comes to an end.

1944 – World War II: After the success of Big Week, the USAAF begins a daylight bombing campaign of Berlin.

1957 – The S&P 500 stock market index is introduced, replacing the S&P 90.

1960 – The French freighter La Coubre explodes in Havana, Cuba, killing 100.

1962 – A Caledonian Airways Douglas DC-7 crashes shortly after takeoff from Cameroon, killing 111 – the worst crash of a DC-7.

1966 – A Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-8-43 explodes on landing at Tokyo International Airport, killing 64 people.

1966 – In an interview in the London Evening Standard, The Beatles' John Lennon declares that the band is "more popular than Jesus now".

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1970 – French submarine Eurydice explodes underwater, resulting in the loss of the entire 57-man crew.

1974 – People magazine is published for the first time in the United States as People Weekly.

1976 – The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention is formally dissolved in Northern Ireland resulting in direct rule of Northern Ireland from London by the British parliament.

1977 – The 1977 Vrancea earthquake in eastern and southern Europe kills more than 1,500, mostly in Bucharest, Romania.

1980 – Nationalist leader Robert Mugabe wins a sweeping election victory to become Zimbabwe's first black prime minister.

1985 – The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS infection, used since then for screening all blood donations in the United States.

1986 – The Soviet Vega 1 begins returning images of Halley's Comet and the first images of its nucleus.

1996 – A derailed train in Weyauwega, Wisconsin (USA) causes the emergency evacuation of 2,300 people for 16 days.

1998 – Gay rights: Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that federal laws banning on-the-job sexual harassment also apply when both parties are the same sex.

2001 – BBC bombing: A massive car bomb explodes in front of the BBC Television Centre in London, seriously injuring one person; the attack was attributed to the Real IRA.

2002 – Afghanistan: Seven American Special Operations Forces soldiers and 200 Al-Qaeda Fighters are killed as American forces attempt to infiltrate the Shah-i-Kot Valley on a low-flying helicopter reconnaissance mission.

2009 – The International Criminal Court (ICC) issues an arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur. Al-Bashir is the first sitting head of state to be indicted by the ICC since its establishment in 2002.

2012 – A series of explosions is reported at a munitions dump in Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo, killing at least 250 people.

2015 – At least 34 miners die in a suspected gas explosion at the Zasyadko coal mine in the rebel-held Donetsk region of Ukraine.

CaptainCrunch

03-04-2018, 10:00 PM

9.5 months left.

CaptainCrunch

03-05-2018, 12:51 PM

March 5th

363 – Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.

1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern journey which he will later describe in his book Safarnama.

1279 – The Livonian Order is defeated in the Battle of Aizkraukle by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

1496 – King Henry VII of England issues letters patent to John Cabot and his sons, authorising them to explore unknown lands.

1616 – Nicolaus Copernicus's book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is added to the Index of Forbidden Books 73 years after it was first published.

1766 – Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.

1770 – Boston Massacre: Five Americans, including Crispus Attucks, are fatally shot by British troops in an event that would contribute to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War (also known as the American War of Independence) five years later.

1811 – Peninsular War: A French force under the command of Marshal Victor is routed while trying to prevent an Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese army from lifting the Siege of Cádiz in the Battle of Barrosa.

1824 – First Anglo-Burmese War: The British officially declare war on Burma.

1836 – Samuel Colt patents the first production-model revolver, the .34-caliber.

1850 – The Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales is opened.

1860 – Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia.

1868 – Mefistofele, an opera by Arrigo Boito, receives its premiere performance at La Scala.

1872 – George Westinghouse patents the air brake.

1906 – Moro Rebellion: United States Army troops bring overwhelming force against the native Moros in the First Battle of Bud Dajo, leaving only six survivors.

1912 – Italo-Turkish War: Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, employing them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.

1931 – The British Raj: Gandhi–Irwin Pact is signed.

1933 – Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "bank holiday", closing all U.S. banks and freezing all financial transactions.

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1933 – Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party receives 43.9% at the Reichstag elections, which allows the Nazis to later pass the Enabling Act and establish a dictatorship.

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1936 – First flight of K5054, the first prototype Supermarine Spitfire advanced monoplane fighter aircraft in the United Kingdom.

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1940 – Six high-ranking members of Soviet politburo, including Joseph Stalin, sign an order for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POWs, in what will become known as the Katyn massacre.

1942 – World War II: Japanese forces captures Batavia, capital of Dutch East Indies, which left undefended after the withdrawal of KNIL garrison and Australian Blackforce battalion to Buitenzorg and Bandung.

1943 – First Flight of the Gloster Meteor, Britain's first combat jet aircraft.

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1944 – World War II: The Red Army begins the Uman–Botoșani Offensive in the western Ukrainian SSR.

1946 – Cold War: Winston Churchill coins the phrase "Iron Curtain" in his speech at Westminster College, Missouri.

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1953 – Joseph Stalin, the longest serving leader of the Soviet Union, dies at his Volynskoe dacha in Moscow after being hit by a cerebral hemorrhage.

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1960 – Indonesian President Soekarno dismissed the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR), 1955 democratically elected parliament, and replaced with DPR-GR, the parliament of his own selected members.

1963 – American country music stars Patsy Cline, Hawkshaw Hawkins, Cowboy Copas and their pilot Randy Hughes are killed in a plane crash in Camden, Tennessee.

1965 – March Intifada: A Leftist uprising erupts in Bahrain against British colonial presence.

1970 – The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons goes into effect after ratification by 43 nations.

1974 – Yom Kippur War: Israeli forces withdraw from the west bank of the Suez Canal.

1978 – The Landsat 3 is launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.

1979 – Soviet probes Venera 11, Venera 12 and the German-American solar satellite Helios II all are hit by "off the scale" gamma rays leading to the discovery of soft gamma repeaters.

1981 – The ZX81, a pioneering British home computer, is launched by Sinclair Research and would go on to sell over 1.5 million units around the world.

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1982 – Soviet probe Venera 14 lands on Venus.

2003 – In Haifa, 17 Israeli civilians are killed in the Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing.

2012 – Tropical Storm Irina kills over 75 as it passes through Madagascar.

CaptainCrunch

03-06-2018, 01:25 PM

March 7th

161 – Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by his adoptive sons Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.

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238 – Roman subjects in the province of Africa revolt against Maximinus Thrax and elect Gordian I as emperor.

321 – Emperor Constantine I decrees that the dies Solis Invicti (sun-day) is the day of rest in the Empire.

1277 – Stephen Tempier, bishop of Paris, condemns 219 philosophical and theological theses.

1573 – A peace treaty is signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, ending the Ottoman–Venetian War and leaving Cyprus in Ottoman hands.

1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.

1814 – Emperor Napoleon I of France wins the Battle of Craonne.

1827 – Brazilian marines unsuccessfully attack the temporary naval base of Carmen de Patagones, Argentina.

1827 – Shrigley abduction: Ellen Turner is abducted by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, a future politician in colonial New Zealand.

1850 – Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech endorsing the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.

1862 – American Civil War: Union forces defeat Confederate troops at the Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas.

1876 – Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the "telephone".

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1900 – The German liner SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse becomes the first ship to send wireless signals to shore.

1902 – Second Boer War: Boers, led by Koos de la Rey, inflict the biggest defeat upon the British since the beginning of the war, at Tweebosch.

1914 – Prince William of Wied arrives in Albania to begin his reign as King.

1936 – Prelude to World War II: In violation of the Locarno Pact and the Treaty of Versailles, Germany reoccupies the Rhineland.

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1945 – World War II: American troops seize the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine river at Remagen.

1950 – Cold War: The Soviet Union issues a statement denying that Klaus Fuchs served as a Soviet spy.

1951 – Korean War: Operation Ripper: United Nations troops led by General Matthew Ridgway begin an assault against Chinese forces.

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1965 – Bloody Sunday: a group of 600 civil rights marchers is brutally attacked by state and local police in Selma, Alabama.

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1967 – The Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara (MPRS), Indonesia's provisional parliament, revoked Sukarno's mandate as President of Indonesia.

1968 – Vietnam War: The United States and South Vietnamese military begin Operation Truong Cong Dinh to root out Viet Cong forces from the area surrounding Mỹ Tho.

1971 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, political leader of then East Pakistan (present day-Bangladesh), delivers his historic 7th March speech in the Racecourse Field (Now Suhrawardy Udyan) in Dhaka.

1986 – Challenger Disaster: Divers from the USS Preserver locate the crew cabin of Challenger on the ocean floor.

1987 – Lieyu massacre: Taiwanese military massacre of 19 unarmed Vietnamese refugees at Donggang, Lieyu, Kinmen.

1989 – Iran and the United Kingdom break diplomatic relations after a row over Salman Rushdie and his controversial novel, The Satanic Verses.

2006 – The terrorist organisation Lashkar-e-Taiba coordinates a series of bombings in Varanasi, India.

2007 – The British House of Commons votes to make the upper chamber, the House of Lords, 100% elected.

2009 – The Real Irish Republican Army kills two British soldiers and injures two other soldiers and two civilians at Massereene Barracks, the first British military deaths in Northern Ireland since the end of The Troubles.

CaptainCrunch

03-07-2018, 12:21 PM

It looks like I screwed up yesterday and posted march 7th and March 6th. So I've relabeled yesterday as March 7th and today I'm posting March 6th

CaptainCrunch

03-07-2018, 12:35 PM

March 6th

12 BC – The Roman Emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.

632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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845 – Execution of the 42 Martyrs of Amorium at Samarra.

961 – Byzantine conquest of Chandax by Nikephoros Phokas, end of the Emirate of Crete.

1204 – The Siege of Château Gaillard ends in a French victory over King John of England, who loses control of Normandy to King Philip II Augustus.

1323 – Treaty of Paris of 1323 is signed.

1454 – Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of the Prussian Confederation pledge allegiance to King Casimir IV of Poland who agrees to commit his forces in aiding the Confederation's struggle for independence from the Teutonic Knights.

1521 – Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Guam.

1665 – The first joint Secretary of the Royal Society, Henry Oldenburg, publishes the first issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, the world's longest-running scientific journal.

1788 – The First Fleet arrives at Norfolk Island in order to found a convict settlement.

1820 – The Missouri Compromise is signed into law by President James Monroe. The compromise allows Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, brings Maine into the Union as a free state, and makes the rest of the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase territory slavery-free.

1834 – York, Upper Canada, is incorporated as Toronto.

1836 – Texas Revolution: Battle of the Alamo – After a thirteen-day siege by an army of 3,000 Mexican troops, the 187 Texas volunteers, including frontiersman Davy Crockett and colonel Jim Bowie, defending the Alamo are killed and the fort is captured.

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1857 – The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.

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1869 – Dmitri Mendeleev presents the first periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.

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1882 – The Serbian kingdom is re-founded.

1899 – Bayer registers "Aspirin" as a trademark.

1902 – Real Madrid C.F. is founded.

1912 – Italo-Turkish War: Italian forces become the first to use airships in war, as two dirigibles drop bombs on Turkish troops encamped at Janzur, from an altitude of 6,000 feet.

1921 – Portuguese Communist Party is founded as the Portuguese Section of the Communist International.

1930 – International Unemployment Day demonstrations globally initiated by the Comintern

1943 – Norman Rockwell published Freedom from Want in The Saturday Evening Post with a matching essay by Carlos Bulosan as part of the Four Freedoms series.

1945 – World War II: Cologne is captured by American troops.

1945 – World War II: Operation Spring Awakening, the last major German offensive of the war, begins.

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1946 – Ho Chi Minh signs an agreement with France which recognizes Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union.

1951 – Cold War: The trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg begins.

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1953 – Georgy Malenkov succeeds Joseph Stalin as Premier of the Soviet Union and First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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1957 – Ghana becomes the first Sub-Saharan country to gain independence from the British.

1964 – Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad officially gives boxing champion Cassius Clay the name Muhammad Ali.

1964 – Constantine II becomes King of Greece.

1965 – Premier Tom Playford of South Australia loses power after 27 years in office.

1967 – Cold War: Joseph Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva defects to the United States.

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1968 – Three rebels are executed by Rhodesia, the first executions since UDI, prompting international condemnation.

1970 – An explosion at the Weather Underground safe house in Greenwich Village kills three.

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1975 – For the first time the Zapruder film of the assassination of John F. Kennedy is shown in motion to a national TV audience by Robert J. Groden and Dick Gregory.

1975 – Algiers Accord: Iran and Iraq announce a settlement of their border dispute.

1983 – The first United States Football League games are played.

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1984 – In the United Kingdom, a walkout at Cortonwood Colliery in Brampton Bierlow signals the start of a strike that lasted almost a year and involved the majority [but never all] of the country's miners.

1987 – The British ferry MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes in about 90 seconds, killing 193.

1988 – Three Provisional Irish Republican Army volunteers are shot dead by the SAS in Gibraltar in Operation Flavius.

1992 – The Michelangelo computer virus begins to affect computers.

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2008 – A suicide bomber kills 68 people (including first responders) in Baghdad on the same day that a gunman kills eight students in Jerusalem.

CaptainCrunch

03-08-2018, 12:12 PM

March 8th

1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem Shahnameh.

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1126 – Following the death of his mother Urraca, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of Castile and León.

1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bourgeois militias and the army of the bishop of Strasbourg.

1576 – Spanish explorer Diego García de Palacio first sights the ruins of the ancient Mayan city of Copán.

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1618 – Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.

1655 – John Casor becomes the first legally-recognized slave in England's North American colonies where a crime was not committed.

1658 – Treaty of Roskilde: After a devastating defeat in the Northern Wars (1655–1661), Frederick III, the King of Denmark–Norway is forced to give up nearly half his territory to Sweden to save the rest.

1702 – Queen Anne, the younger sister of Mary II, becomes Queen regnant of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

1722 – The Safavid Empire of Iran is defeated by an army from Afghanistan at the Battle of Gulnabad, pushing Iran into anarchy.

1736 – Nader Shah, founder of the Afsharid dynasty, is crowned Shah of Iran.

1775 – An anonymous writer, thought by some to be Thomas Paine, publishes "African Slavery in America", the first article in the American colonies calling for the emancipation of slaves and the abolition of slavery.

1777 – Regiments from Ansbach and Bayreuth, sent to support Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, mutiny in the town of Ochsenfurt.

1782 – Gnadenhutten massacre: Ninety-six Native Americans in Gnadenhutten, Ohio, who had converted to Christianity are killed by Pennsylvania militiamen in retaliation for raids carried out by other Indian tribes.

1801 – War of the Second Coalition: At the Battle of Abukir, a British force under Sir Ralph Abercromby lands in Egypt with the aim of ending the French campaign in Egypt and Syria.

1817 – The New York Stock Exchange is founded.

1844 – King Oscar I ascends to the thrones of Sweden and Norway.

1862 – American Civil War: The Naval Battle of Hampton Roads begins.

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1868 – Sakai incident: Japanese samurai kill 11 French sailors in the port of Sakai, Osaka.

1910 – French aviator Raymonde de Laroche becomes the first woman to receive a pilot's license.

1914 – First flights (for the Royal Thai Air Force) at Don Mueang International Airport in Bangkok.

1916 – World War I: A British force unsuccessfully attempts to relieve the siege of Kut (present-day Iraq) in the Battle of Dujaila.

1917 – International Women's Day protests in St. Petersburg mark the beginning of the February Revolution (February 23rd in the Julian calendar).

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1917 – The United States Senate votes to limit filibusters by adopting the cloture rule.

1920 – The Arab Kingdom of Syria, the first modern Arab state to come into existence, is established.

1921 – Spanish Prime Minister Eduardo Dato Iradier is assassinated while exiting the parliament building in Madrid.

1924 – A mine disaster kills 172 coal miners near Castle Gate, Utah.

1936 – Daytona Beach and Road Course holds its first oval stock car race.

1937 – Spanish Civil War: The Battle of Guadalajara begins.

1942 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Army forces gave ultimatum to Dutch East Indies Governor General Jonkheer Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer and KNIL Commander in Chief Lieutenant General Hein Ter Poorten, to unconditionally surrender.

1942 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Army forces captured Rangoon, Burma from British.

1947 – Thirteen thousand troops of the Republic of China Army arrive in Taiwan after the February 28 Incident and launch crackdowns which kill thousands of people, including many elites. This turns into a major root of the Taiwan independence movement.

1949 – President of France Vincent Auriol and ex-emperor of Annam Bảo Đại sign the Élysée Accords, giving Vietnam greater independence from France and creating the State of Vietnam to oppose Viet Minh-led Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

1957 – Egypt re-opens the Suez Canal after the Suez Crisis.

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1957 – The 1957 Georgia Memorial to Congress, which petitions the U.S. Congress to declare the ratification of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution null and void, is adopted by the U.S. state of Georgia.

1963 – The Ba'ath Party comes to power in Syria in a coup d'état by a clique of quasi-leftist Syrian Army officers calling themselves the National Council of the Revolutionary Command.

1965 – Thirty-five hundred United States Marines are the first American land combat forces committed during the Vietnam War.

1966 – Nelson's Pillar in Dublin, Ireland, destroyed by a bomb.

1971 – The Fight of the Century between Joe Frazier and Muhammad Ali commences. Frazier wins in 15 rounds via unanimous decision.

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1974 – Charles de Gaulle Airport opens in Paris, France.

1979 – Philips demonstrates the compact disc publicly for the first time.

1983 – Cold War: While addressing a convention of Evangelicals, U.S. President Ronald Reagan labels the Soviet Union an "evil empire".

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1985 – A supposed failed assassination attempt on Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon kills at least 45 and injures 175 others.

2004 – A new constitution is signed by Iraq's Governing Council.

2014 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, carrying a total of 239 people, disappears en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing.

2017 – The Azure Window, a natural arch on the Maltese island of Gozo, collapsed in stormy weather.

CaptainCrunch

03-09-2018, 02:11 PM

March 9th

141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.

1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg.

1230 – Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II defeats Theodore of Epirus in the Battle of Klokotnitsa.

1276 – Augsburg becomes a Free imperial city.

1500 – The fleet of Pedro Álvares Cabral leaves Lisbon for the Indies. The fleet will discover Brazil which lies within boundaries granted to Portugal in the Treaty of Tordesillas.

1566 – David Rizzio, private secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland.

1765 – After a campaign by the writer Voltaire, judges in Paris posthumously exonerate Jean Calas of murdering his son. Calas had been tortured and executed in 1762 on the charge, though his son may have actually committed suicide.

1776 – The Wealth of Nations by Scottish economist and philosopher Adam Smith is published.

1796 – Napoléon Bonaparte marries his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais.

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1811 – Paraguayan forces defeat Manuel Belgrano at the Battle of Tacuarí.

1815 – Francis Ronalds describes the first battery-operated clock in the Philosophical Magazine.

1841 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in the United States v. The Amistad case that captive Africans who had seized control of the ship carrying them had been taken into slavery illegally.

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1842 – Giuseppe Verdi's third opera, Nabucco, receives its première performance in Milan; its success establishes Verdi as one of Italy's foremost opera composers.

1842 – The first documented discovery of gold in California occurs at Rancho San Francisco, six years before the California Gold Rush.

1847 – Mexican–American War: The first large-scale amphibious assault in U.S. history is launched in the Siege of Veracruz.

1862 – American Civil War: The USS Monitor and CSS Virginia fight to a draw in the Battle of Hampton Roads, the first battle between two ironclad warships.

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1896 – Prime Minister Francesco Crispi resigns following the Italian defeat at the Battle of Adwa.

1908 – Inter Milan was founded on Football Club Internazionale, following a schism from the Milan Cricket and Football Club.

1910 – The Westmoreland County coal strike, involving 15,000 coal miners represented by the United Mine Workers, begins.

1916 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa leads nearly 500 Mexican raiders in an attack against the border town of Columbus, New Mexico.

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1925 – Pink's War: The first Royal Air Force operation conducted independently of the British Army or Royal Navy begins.

1933 – Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt submits the Emergency Banking Act to Congress, the first of his New Deal policies.

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1942 – World War II: Dutch East Indies, represented by KNIL Commander in Chief Lieutenant General Hein Ter Poorten, unconditionally surrendered to the Japanese forces in Kalijati, Subang, West Java, and the Japanese completed their Dutch East Indies campaign.

1944 – World War II: Japanese troops counter-attack American forces on Hill 700 in Bougainville in a five-day battle.

1944 – World War II: Soviet Army planes attack Tallinn, Estonia.

1945 – World War II: The first nocturnal incendiary attack on Tokyo inflicts damage comparable to that inflicted on both Hiroshima and Nagasaki five months later.

1945 – World War II: A coup d'état by Japanese forces in French Indochina removes the French from power.

1946 – Bolton Wanderers stadium disaster at Burnden Park, Bolton, England, kills 33 and injures hundreds more.

1954 – McCarthyism: CBS television broadcasts the See It Now episode, "A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy", produced by Fred Friendly.

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1956 – Soviet forces suppress mass demonstrations in the Georgian SSR, reacting to Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy.

1957 – The 8.6 Mw Andreanof Islands earthquake shakes the Aleutian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), causing $5 million in damage from ground movement and a destructive tsunami that affected Hawaii, where two people were killed in a plane crash while documenting its arrival.

1959 – The Barbie doll makes its debut at the American International Toy Fair in New York.

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1960 – Dr. Belding Hibbard Scribner implants for the first time a shunt he invented into a patient, which allows the patient to receive hemodialysis on a regular basis.

1961 – Sputnik 9 successfully launches, carrying a human dummy nicknamed Ivan Ivanovich, and demonstrating that the Soviet Union was ready to begin human spaceflight.

1967 – Trans World Airlines Flight 553, a Douglas DC-9-15, crashes in a field in Concord Township, Ohio following a mid-air collision with a Beechcraft Baron, killing 26.

1974 – The Mars 7 Flyby bus releases the descent module too early, missing Mars.

1976 – Forty-two people die in the Cavalese cable car disaster, the worst cable-car accident to date.

1977 – The Hanafi Siege: In a thirty-nine-hour standoff, armed Hanafi Muslims seize three Washington, D.C., buildings, killing two and taking 149 hostage.

1978 – President Soeharto inaugurated Jagorawi Toll Road, the first toll highway in Indonesia, connecting Jakarta, Bogor and Ciawi, West Java.

1982 – "Krononauts" hosted an event in Baltimore, Maryland asking time-travelers to meet and demonstrate future science methods of Time travel.

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1997 – Comet Hale–Bopp: Observers in China, Mongolia and eastern Siberia are treated to a rare double feature as an eclipse permits Hale-Bopp to be seen during the day.

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2011 – Space Shuttle Discovery makes its final landing after 39 flights.

2012 – At least 130 rockets are fired into Israel from Gaza. Twelve Palestinians militants are killed as part of the latest escalation in violence in the region.

CaptainCrunch

03-10-2018, 07:23 PM

CaptainCrunch

03-10-2018, 07:26 PM

March 10th

241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.

298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa against the Berbers, and makes a triumphal entry into Carthage.

947 – The Later Han is founded by Liu Zhiyuan. He declares himself emperor and establishes the capital in Bian, present-day Kaifeng.

1607 – Susenyos I defeats the combined armies of Yaqob and Abuna Petros II at the Battle of Gol in Gojjam, making him Emperor of Ethiopia.

1629 – Charles I of England dissolves Parliament, beginning the eleven-year period known as the Personal Rule.

1735 – An agreement between Nader Shah and Russia is signed near Ganja, Azerbaijan and Russian troops are withdrawn from Baku.

1762 – French Huguenot Jean Calas, who had been wrongly convicted of killing his son, dies after being tortured by authorities; the event inspired Voltaire to begin a campaign for religious tolerance and legal reform.

1804 – Louisiana Purchase: In St. Louis, Missouri, a formal ceremony is conducted to transfer ownership of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States.

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1814 – Emperor Napoleon I is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France.

1816 – Crossing of the Andes: A group of royalist scouts are captured during the Action of Juncalito.

1830 – The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army is created.

1848 – The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is ratified by the United States Senate, ending the Mexican–American War.

1861 – El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Ségou, destroying the Bamana Empire of Mali.

1865 - Amy Spain, American slave, is executed for stealing from her owner; believed to have been the last legal execution of a female slave in America

1876 – The first successful test of a telephone is made by Alexander Graham Bell.

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1891 – Almon Strowger, an undertaker in Topeka, Kansas, patents the Strowger switch, a device which led to the automation of telephone circuit switching.

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1906 – The Courrières mine disaster, Europe's worst ever, kills 1099 miners in northern France.

1909 – By signing the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, Thailand relinquishes its sovereignty over the Malay states of Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu, which become British protectorates.

1915 – World War I: The Battle of Neuve Chapelle begins. This is the first large-scale operation by the British Army in the war.

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1916 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon concerning the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire ends.

1917 – Some provinces and cities in the Philippines are incorporated due to the ratification of Act No. 2711 or the Administrative Code of the Philippines.

1922 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested in India, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years in prison, only to be released after nearly two years for an appendicitis operation.

1933 – The 6.4 Mw Long Beach earthquake affects the Greater Los Angeles Area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving 115–120 people dead, and causing an estimated $40 million in damage.

1944 – Greek Civil War: The Political Committee of National Liberation is established in Greece by the National Liberation Front.

1945 – World War II: The U.S. Army Air Force firebombs Tokyo, and the resulting conflagration kills more than 100,000 people, mostly civilians.

1949 – Mildred Gillars ("Axis Sally") is convicted of treason.[1]

1952 – Fulgencio Batista leads a successful coup in Cuba and appoints himself as the "provisional president".

1959 – Tibetan uprising: Fearing an abduction attempt by China, thousands of Tibetans surround the Dalai Lama's palace to prevent his removal.

1966 – Military Prime Minister of South Vietnam Nguyễn Cao Kỳ sacked rival General Nguyễn Chánh Thi, precipitating large-scale civil and military dissension in parts of the nation.

1968 – Vietnam War: Battle of Lima Site 85, concluding the 11th with largest single ground combat loss of United States Air Force members (12) during that war.

1969 – In Memphis, Tennessee, James Earl Ray pleads guilty to assassinating Martin Luther King, Jr. He later unsuccessfully attempts to recant.

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1970 – Vietnam War: Captain Ernest Medina is charged by the U.S. military with My Lai war crimes.

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1975 – Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh Campaign: North Vietnamese troops attack Ban Mê Thuột in the South on their way to capturing Saigon in the final push for victory over South Vietnam.

1977 – Astronomers discover the rings of Uranus.

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1990 – In Haiti, Prosper Avril is ousted 18 months after seizing power in a coup.

2000 – The Nasdaq Composite stock market index peaks at 5132.52, signaling the beginning of the end of the dot-com boom.

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2006 – The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter arrives at Mars.

2017 – The impeachment of President Park Geun-hye of South Korea in response to a major political scandal is unanimously upheld by the country's Constitutional Court, ending her presidency.

CaptainCrunch

03-11-2018, 10:34 AM

March 11

222 – Emperor Elagabalus is assassinated, along with his mother, Julia Soaemias, by the Praetorian Guard during a revolt. Their mutilated bodies are dragged through the streets of Rome before being thrown into the Tiber.

1387 – Battle of Castagnaro: English condottiero Sir John Hawkwood leads Padova to victory in a factional clash with Verona.

1641 – Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at the Battle of Mbororé in present-day Panambí, Argentina.

1649 – The Frondeurs and the French sign the Peace of Rueil.

1702 – The Daily Courant, England's first national daily newspaper is published for the first time.

1708 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.

1784 – The signing of the Treaty of Mangalore brings the Second Anglo-Mysore War to an end.

1811 – During André Masséna's retreat from the Lines of Torres Vedras, a division led by French Marshal Michel Ney fights off a combined Anglo-Portuguese force to give Masséna time to escape.

1824 – The United States Department of War creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

1845 – Flagstaff War: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hone Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororareka, New Zealand.

1848 – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government.

1851 – The first performance of Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Venice.

1861 – American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.

1864 – The Great Sheffield Flood kills 238 people in Sheffield, England.

1872 – Construction of the Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales, begins; located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain.

1879 – Shō Tai formally abdicated his position of King of Ryūkyū, under orders from Tokyo, ending the Ryukyu Kingdom.

1888 – The Great Blizzard of 1888 begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.

1917 – World War I: Mesopotamian campaign: Baghdad falls to Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Stanley Maude.

1927 – In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre.

1931 – Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the Soviet Union.

1941 – World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan.

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1945 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy attempts a large-scale kamikaze attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet anchored at Ulithi atoll in Operation Tan No. 2.

1945 – World War II: The Empire of Vietnam, a short-lived Japanese puppet state, is established with Bảo Đại as its ruler.

1946 – Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, is captured by British troops.

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1975 – Vietnam War: North Vietnamese and Viet Cong guerrilla forces establish control over Buôn Ma Thuột commune from the South Vietnamese army.

1977 – The 1977 Hanafi Siege: More than 130 hostages held in Washington, D.C., by Hanafi Muslims are set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations join negotiations.

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1978 – Coastal Road massacre: At least 37 are killed and more than 70 are wounded when Fatah hijack an Israeli bus, prompting Israel's Operation Litani.

1983 – Pakistan successfully conducts a cold test of a nuclear weapon.

1983 – Bob Hawke is appointed Prime Minister of Australia.

1990 – Lithuania declares itself independent from the Soviet Union.

1990 – Patricio Aylwin is sworn in as the first democratically elected President of Chile since 1970.

1993 – Janet Reno is confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn in the next day, becoming the first female Attorney General of the United States.

1999 – Infosys becomes the first Indian company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange.

2004 – Madrid train bombings: Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid, Spain, kill 192 people.

2006 – Michelle Bachelet is inaugurated as first female president of Chile.

2007 – Georgia claims Russian helicopters attacked the Kodori Valley in Abkhazia, an accusation that Russia categorically denies later.

2009 – Winnenden school shooting: Sixteen are killed and 11 are injured before recent-graduate Tim Kretschmer shoots and kills himself, leading to tightened weapons restrictions in Germany.

2010 – Economist and businessman Sebastián Piñera is sworn in as President of Chile, while three earthquakes, the strongest measuring magnitude 6.9 and all centered next to Pichilemu, capital of Cardenal Caro province, hit central Chile during the ceremony.

2011 – An earthquake measuring 9.0 in magnitude strikes 130 km (81 mi) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people. This event also triggered the second largest nuclear accident in history, and one of only two events to be classified as a Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.

2012 – A U.S. soldier kills 16 civilians in the Panjwayi District of Afghanistan near Kandahar.

2016 – At least 21 people are killed by flooding and mudslides in and around São Paulo, Brazil, following heavy rain.

CaptainCrunch

03-12-2018, 02:26 PM

March 12th

538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city in the hands of the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius

1550 – Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche at the Battle of Penco during the Arauco War in present-day Chile

1622 – Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Society of Jesus, are canonized by the Roman Catholic Church

1689 – The Williamite War in Ireland begins.

1811 – Peninsular War: A day after a successful rearguard action, French Marshal Michel Ney once again successfully delayed the pursuing Anglo-Portuguese force at the Battle of Redinha

1864 – American Civil War: The Red River Campaign begins as a US Navy fleet of 13 Ironclads and 7 Gunboats and other support ships enter the Red River

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1881 – Andrew Watson makes his Scotland debut as the world's first black international football player and captain.

1885 – Tonkin Campaign: France captures the citadel of Bắc Ninh.

1894 – Coca-Cola is bottled and sold for the first time in Vicksburg, Mississippi, by local soda fountain operator Joseph A. Biedenharn.

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1912 – The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts of the USA) are founded in the United States.

1913 – Canberra Day: The future capital of Australia is officially named Canberra. (Melbourne remains temporary capital until 1927 while the new capital is still under construction.)

1918 – Moscow becomes the capital of Russia again after Saint Petersburg held this status for 215 years.

1920 – The Kapp Putsch begins when the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt is ordered to march on Berlin.

1921 – İstiklâl Marşı is adopted in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

1922 – Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan form the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

1928 – In California, the St. Francis Dam fails; the resulting floods kills 431 people.

1930 – Mahatma Gandhi begins the Salt March, a 200-mile march to the sea to protest the British monopoly on salt in India

1933 – Great Depression: Franklin D. Roosevelt addresses the nation for the first time as President of the United States. This is also the first of his "fireside chats".

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1934 – Konstantin Päts and General Johan Laidoner stage a coup in Estonia, and ban all political parties.

1938 – Anschluss: German troops occupy and absorb Austria.

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1940 – Winter War: Finland signs the Moscow Peace Treaty with the Soviet Union, ceding almost all of Finnish Karelia. Finnish troops and the remaining population are immediately evacuated.

1942 – World War II: Pacific War: The Battle of Java ends with an ABDACOM surrender to the Japanese Empire in Bandung, West Java, Dutch East Indies.

1943 – Italian occupation of Greece: The Italian occupying forces abandon the town of Karditsa to the partisans. On the same day, an Italian motorized column razes the village of Tsaritsani, burning 360 of its 600 houses and shooting 40 civilians.

1947 – Cold War: The Truman Doctrine is proclaimed to help stem the spread of Communism.

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1950 – The Llandow air disaster occurs near Sigingstone, Wales, in which 80 people die when their aircraft crashed, making it the world's deadliest air disaster at the time.

1961 – First winter ascent of the North Face of the Eiger.

1967 – Suharto takes power from Sukarno when the MPRS inaugurate him as Acting President of Indonesia.

1968 – Mauritius achieves independence from the United Kingdom.

1971 – The March 12 Memorandum is sent to the Suleyman Demirel government of Turkey and the government resigns.

1992 – Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

1993 – Several bombs explode in Mumbai, India, killing about 300 and injuring hundreds more.

1993 – North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea says that it plans to withdraw from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and refuses to allow inspectors access to its nuclear sites.

1994 – The Church of England ordains its first female priests.

1999 – Former Warsaw Pact members the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland join NATO.

2003 – Zoran Đinđić, Prime Minister of Serbia, is assassinated in Belgrade.

2003 – WHO officially release global warning on pandemic SARS disease.

2004 – The President of South Korea, Roh Moo-hyun, is impeached by its National Assembly: The first such impeachment in the nation's history.

2009 – Financier Bernard Madoff pleads guilty in New York to scamming $18 billion, the largest in Wall Street's history.

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2011 – A reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant melts and explodes and releases radioactivity into the atmosphere a day after Japan's earthquake.

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2014 – A gas explosion in the New York City neighborhood of East Harlem kills eight and injures 70 others.

CaptainCrunch

03-13-2018, 12:59 PM

March 13

624 – Battle of Badr: a key battle between Muhammad's army – the new followers of Islam and the Quraysh of Mecca. The Muslims won this battle, known as the turning point of Islam, which took place in the Hejaz region of western Arabia.

874 – The bones of Saint Nicephorus are interred in the Church of the Holy Apostles, Constantinople.

1138 – Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. (If a Pope and Antipope collide does it usher in the end of days?)

1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War, commences.

1591 – Battle of Tondibi: In Mali, Moroccan forces of the Saadi dynasty led by Judar Pasha defeat the Songhai Empire, despite being outnumbered by at least five to one.

1639 – Harvard College is named after clergyman John Harvard.

1697 – Nojpetén, capital of the last independent Maya kingdom, fell to Spanish conquistadors, the final step in the Spanish conquest of Guatemala.

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1781 – William Herschel discovers Uranus.

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1809 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden is deposed in a coup d'état.

1845 – Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto receives its première performance in Leipzig with Ferdinand David as soloist.

1848 – The German revolutions of 1848–49 begin in Vienna.

1862 – American Civil War: The U.S. federal government forbids all Union army officers from returning fugitive slaves, thus effectively annulling the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and setting the stage for the Emancipation Proclamation.

1865 – American Civil War: The Confederate States of America agree to the use of African-American troops.

1881 – Alexander II of Russia is killed near his palace when a bomb is thrown at him (this is the Gregorian date; it was March 1 in the Julian calendar then in use in Russia).

1884 – The Siege of Khartoum begins. It lasts until January 26, 1885.

1900 – Second Boer War: British forces occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State.

1920 – The Kapp Putsch briefly ousts the Weimar Republic government from Berlin.

1921 – Mongolia is proclaimed an independent monarchy, ruled by Russian military officer Roman von Ungern-Sternberg as a dictator.

1930 – The news of the discovery of Pluto is telegraphed to the Harvard College Observatory.

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1933 – Great Depression: Banks in the U.S. begin to re-open after President Franklin D. Roosevelt mandates a "bank holiday".

1940 – The Russo-Finnish Winter War ends.

1943 – The Holocaust: German forces liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Kraków.

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1954 – First Indochina War: Viet Minh forces under Võ Nguyên Giáp unleashed a massive artillery barrage on the French to begin the Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, the climactic battle in the First Indochina War.

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1957 – Cuban student revolutionaries storm the presidential palace in Havana in a failed attempt on the life of President Fulgencio Batista.

1962 – Lyman Lemnitzer, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, delivers a proposal, called Operation Northwoods, regarding performing terrorist attacks upon Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. The proposal is scrapped and President John F. Kennedy removes Lemnitzer from his position. (conspiracy theorists point to this all the time in terms of every thing that happens is a false flag from the government. They say, look at Operation Northwoods, but fail to mention that Kennedy took one look at the plan and fired the man who came up with the plan. I wanted to post a video but there's a whole lot of crazy out there.
)

1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the Lunar Module.

1979 – The New Jewel Movement, headed by Maurice Bishop, ousts Prime Minister Eric Gairy in a nearly bloodless coup d'état in Grenada.

1985 – The Kenilworth Road riot takes place at an association football match at Kenilworth Road in Luton, England with disturbances before, during and after an FA Cup 6th Round tie between Luton Town F.C. and Millwall F.C..

1988 – The Seikan Tunnel, the longest undersea tunnel in the world, opens between Aomori and Hakodate, Japan.

1991 – The United States Department of Justice announces that Exxon has agreed to pay $1 billion for the clean-up of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska.

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1992 – The Mw 6.7 Erzincan earthquake strikes eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). At least 498 were killed in this strike-slip event on the North Anatolian Fault.

1996 – Dunblane school massacre: in Dunblane, Scotland, 16 primary school children and one teacher are shot dead by a spree killer, Thomas Watt Hamilton, who later commits suicide.

1997 – India's Missionaries of Charity chooses Sister Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as its leader.

1997 – The Phoenix Lights are seen over Phoenix, Arizona by hundreds of people, and by millions on television.

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2003 – The journal Nature reports that 350,000-year-old footprints have been found in Italy.

2008 – Gold prices on the New York Mercantile Exchange hit $1,000 per ounce for the first time.

2012 – At least 28 people are killed in a bus crash in a motorway tunnel near the town of Sierre in the Swiss canton of Valais.

2013 – Pope Francis is elected, in the papal conclave, as the 266th Pope of the Catholic Church.

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2016 – An explosion occurs in central Ankara, Turkey, with at least 37 people killed and 127 wounded.

2016 – Three gunmen attack two hotels in the Ivory Coast town of Grand-Bassam, killing at least 18 people and injuring 33 others.

CaptainCrunch

03-14-2018, 12:51 PM

March 14th

44 BC – Casca and Cassius decide, on the night before the Assassination of Julius Caesar, that Mark Antony should live.

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313 – Emperor Jin Huaidi is executed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao).

1381 – Chioggia concludes an alliance with Zadar and Trogir against Venice, which becomes changed in 1412 in Šibenik.

1489 – The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.

1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under Charles, Duke of Mayenne during the French Wars of Religion.

1647 – Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.

1663 – Otto von Guericke completes his book on Vacuum.

1757 – Admiral Sir John Byng is executed by firing squad aboard HMS Monarch for breach of the Articles of War.

1780 – American Revolutionary War: Spanish forces capture Fort Charlotte in Mobile, Alabama, the last British frontier post capable of threatening New Orleans in Spanish Louisiana.

1782 – Battle of Wuchale: Emperor Tekle Giyorgis I pacifies a group of Oromo near Wuchale.

1794 – Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin.

1885 – The Mikado, a light opera by W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, receives its first public performance in London.

1900 – The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing United States currency on the gold standard.

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1903 – The Hay–Herrán Treaty, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is ratified by the United States Senate. The Senate of Colombia would later reject the treaty.

1903 – Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge is established by US President Theodore Roosevelt.

1910 – Lakeview Gusher, the largest U.S. oil well gusher near Bakersfield, California, vents to atmosphere.

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1926 – El Virilla train accident, Costa Rica: A train falls off a bridge over the Río Virilla between Heredia and Tibás. Two hundred forty-eight are killed and 93 wounded.

1931 – Alam Ara, India's first talking film, is released.

1936 – The first all-sound film version of Show Boat opens at Radio City Music Hall.

1939 – Slovakia declares independence under German pressure.

1942 – Orvan Hess and John Bumstead became the first in the United States successfully to treat a patient, Anne Miller, using penicillin.

1943 – World War II: The Kraków Ghetto is "liquidated".

1945 – World War II: The R.A.F.'s first operational use of the Grand Slam bomb, Bielefeld, Germany.

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1951 – Korean War: For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul.

1961 – USAF Broken Arrow nuclear weapon mishap in B-52 crash near Yuba City, Ca.

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1964 – A jury in Dallas finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing Lee Harvey Oswald, the assumed assassin of John F. Kennedy.

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1967 – The body of U.S. President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.

1972 – Italian publisher and former partisan Giangiacomo Feltrinelli is killed by an explosion near Segrate.

1978 – The Israel Defense Forces invade and occupies southern Lebanon in Operation Litani.

1979 – In China, a Hawker Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing, killing 44 and injuring at least 200.

1980 – In Poland, LOT Flight 7 crashes during final approach near Warsaw, killing 87 people, including a 14-man American boxing team.

1988 – Johnson South Reef Skirmish: Chinese forces defeat Vietnamese forces in Johnson South Reef, disputed Spratly Islands.

1994 – Timeline of Linux development: Linux kernel version 1.0.0 is released.

1995 – Space exploration: Astronaut Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on board a Russian launch vehicle.

2006 – Members of the Chadian military fail in an attempted coup d'état.

2007 – The Left Front government of West Bengal sends at least 3,000 police to Nandigram in an attempt to break Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh Committee resistance there; the resulting clash leaves 14 dead.

2008 – A series of riots, protests, and demonstrations erupt in Lhasa and elsewhere in Tibet.

CaptainCrunch

03-15-2018, 01:13 PM

March 15th

474 BC – Roman consul Gnaeus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.

44 BC – Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus, and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March.

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220 – Cao Cao, Chinese warlord and penultimate Chancellor of the Han dynasty, passes away.

280 – Sun Hao of Eastern Wu surrenders to Sima Yan which began the Jin dynasty.

351 – Constantius II elevates his cousin Gallus to Caesar, and puts him in charge of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire.

493 – Odoacer, the first barbarian King of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, is slain by Theoderic the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, while the two kings were feasting together.

856 – Michael III, emperor of the Byzantine Empire, overthrows the regency of his mother, empress Theodora (wife of Theophilos) with support of the Byzantine nobility.

933 – After a ten-year truce, German King Henry the Fowler defeats a Hungarian army at the Battle of Riade near the Unstrut river.

1147 – Conquest of Santarém: The forces of Afonso I of Portugal capture Santarém.

1311 – Battle of Halmyros: The Catalan Company defeats Walter V, Count of Brienne to take control of the Duchy of Athens, a Crusader state in Greece.

1493 – Christopher Columbus returns to Spain after his first trip to the Americas.

1564 – Mughal Emperor Akbar abolishes "jizya" (per capita tax).

1672 – Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence.

1781 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Guilford Court House: Near present-day Greensboro, North Carolina, 1,900 British troops under General Charles Cornwallis defeat a mixed American force numbering 4,400 in a Pyrrhic victory.

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1783 – In an emotional speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers not to support the Newburgh Conspiracy. The plea is successful and the threatened coup d'état never takes place.

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1819 – French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel wins a contest at the Académie des Sciences in Paris by proving that light behaves like a wave. The Fresnel integrals, still used to calculate wave patterns, silence skeptics who had backed the particle theory of Isaac Newton.

1820 – Maine becomes the 23rd U.S. state.

1848 – A revolution breaks out in Hungary. The Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the Reform party.

1864 – American Civil War: The Red River Campaign: U.S. Navy fleet arrives at Alexandria, Louisiana.

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1874 – France and Vietnam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina.

1875 – Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States.

1877 – First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia.

1878 – Restoration of the Scottish Catholic hierarchy, broken off back in 1603.

1888 – Start of the Anglo-Tibetan War of 1888.

1906 – Rolls-Royce Limited is incorporated.

1916 – United States President Woodrow Wilson sends 4,800 United States troops over the U.S.–Mexico border to pursue Pancho Villa.

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1917 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the Russian throne ending the 304-year Romanov dynasty.

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1921 – Talaat Pasha, former Grand Vizir of the Ottoman Empire and chief architect of the Armenian Genocide is assassinated in Berlin by a 23-year-old Armenian, Soghomon Tehlirian.

1922 – After Egypt gains nominal independence from the United Kingdom, Fuad I becomes King of Egypt.

1926 – The dictator Theodoros Pangalos is elected President of Greece without opposition.

1927 – The first Women's Boat Race between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge takes place on The Isis in Oxford.

1931 – SS Viking explodes off Newfoundland, killing 27 of the 147 on board.

1933 – Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss keeps members of the National Council from convening, starting the Austrofascist dictatorship.

1939 – Carpatho-Ukraine declares itself an independent republic, but is annexed by Hungary the next day.

1941 – Philippine Airlines, the flag carrier of the Philippines takes its first flight between Manila (from Nielson Field) to Baguio City with a Beechcraft Model 18 making the airline the first and oldest commercial airline in Asia operating under its original name.

1943 – World War II: Third Battle of Kharkov: The Germans retake the city of Kharkov from the Soviet armies in bitter street fighting.

1945 – World War II: Soviet forces begin an offensive to push Germans from Upper Silesia.

1951 – Iranian oil industry is nationalized.

1952 – In Cilaos, Réunion, 1870 mm (73 inches) of rain falls in a 24-hour period, setting a new world record (March 15 through March 16).

1961 – At the 1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, South Africa announces that it will withdraw from the Commonwealth when the South African Constitution of 1961 comes into effect.

1965 – President Lyndon B. Johnson, responding to the Selma crisis, tells U.S. Congress "We shall overcome" while advocating the Voting Rights Act.

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1978 – Somalia and Ethiopia signed a truce to end the Ethio-Somali War.

1985 – The first Internet domain name is registered (symbolics.com).

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1986 – Collapse of Hotel New World: Thirty-three people die when the Hotel New World in Singapore collapses.

1990 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first President of the Soviet Union.

1991 – Cold War: The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany comes into effect, granting full sovereignty to the Federal Republic of Germany.

2008 – Stockpiles of obsolete ammunition explode at an ex-military ammunition depot in the village of Gërdec, Albania, killing 26 people. To date, no other tragedy has caused more deaths in post-World War II Albania.

2011 – Beginning of the Syrian Civil War.

CaptainCrunch

03-16-2018, 01:08 PM

March 16th

597 BC – Babylonians capture Jerusalem, and replace Jeconiah with Zedekiah as king.

455 – Emperor Valentinian III is assassinated by two Hunnic retainers while training with the bow on the Campus Martius (Rome).

934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.

1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.

1244 – Over 200 Cathars are burned after the Fall of Montségur.

1322 – The Battle of Boroughbridge takes place in the Despenser Wars.

1521 – Ferdinand Magellan reaches the island of Homonhon in the Philippines.

1621 – Samoset, a Mohegan, visited the settlers of Plymouth Colony and greets them, "Welcome, Englishmen! My name is Samoset."

1660 – The Long Parliament of England is dissolved so as to prepare for the new Convention Parliament.

1689 – The 23rd Regiment of Foot, or Royal Welch Fusiliers, is founded.

1782 – American Revolutionary War: Spanish troops capture the British-held island of Roatán.

1782 – Anglo-Spanish War (1779): Action of 16 March 1782

1792 – King Gustav III of Sweden is shot; he dies on March 29.

1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: An Austrian column is defeated by the French in the Battle of Valvasone.

1802 – The Army Corps of Engineers is established to found and operate the United States Military Academy at West Point.

1812 – The Siege of Badajoz begins: British and Portuguese forces besiege and defeat the French garrison during the Peninsular War.

1815 – Prince Willem proclaims himself King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the first constitutional monarch in the Netherlands.

1818 – In the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada, Spanish forces defeated Chileans under José de San Martín.

1864 – American Civil War: During the Red River Campaign, Union troops reach Alexandria, Louisiana.

1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Averasborough began as Confederate forces suffer irreplaceable casualties in the final months of the war.

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1870 – The first version of the overture fantasy Romeo and Juliet by Tchaikovsky receives its première performance.

1872 – The Wanderers F.C. won the first FA Cup, the oldest football competition in the world, beating Royal Engineers A.F.C. 1–0 at The Oval in Kennington, London.

1894 – Jules Massenet's opera Thaïs is first performed.

1898 – In Melbourne the representatives of five colonies adopted a constitution, which would become the basis of the Commonwealth of Australia.[1]

1900 – Sir Arthur Evans purchased the land around the ruins of Knossos, the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete.

1916 – The 7th and 10th US cavalry regiments under John J. Pershing cross the US–Mexico border to join the hunt for Pancho Villa.

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1917 – World War I: A German auxiliary cruiser is sunk in the Action of 16 March 1917.

1918 – Finnish Civil War: Battle of Länkipohja is infamous for its bloody aftermath as the Whites executed 70–100 capitulated Reds.

1924 – In accordance with the Treaty of Rome, Fiume becomes annexed as part of Italy.

1925 – An earthquake occurs in Yunnan, China.

1926 – History of Rocketry: Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-fueled rocket, at Auburn, Massachusetts.

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1935 – Adolf Hitler orders Germany to rearm herself in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Conscription is reintroduced to form the Wehrmacht.

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1936 – Warmer-than-normal temperatures rapidly melt snow and ice on the upper Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, leading to a major flood in Pittsburgh.

1939 – From Prague Castle, Hitler proclaims Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate.

1940 – First person killed (James Isbister) in a German bombing raid on the UK in World War II during a raid on Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands.

1945 – World War II: The Battle of Iwo Jima ended, but small pockets of Japanese resistance persisted.

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1945 – Ninety percent of Würzburg, Germany is destroyed in only 20 minutes by British bombers, resulting in around 5,000 deaths.

1958 – The Ford Motor Company produces its 50 millionth automobile, the Thunderbird, averaging almost a million cars a year since the company's founding.

1962 – A Flying Tiger Line Super Constellation disappears in the western Pacific Ocean, with all 107 aboard missing and presumed dead.

1966 – Launch of Gemini 8, the 12th manned American space flight and first space docking with an Agena Target Vehicle.

1968 – Vietnam War: My Lai Massacre occurs; between 347 and 500 Vietnamese villagers (men, women, and children) are killed by American troops.

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1968 – General Motors produces its 100 millionth automobile, the Oldsmobile Toronado.

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1969 – A Viasa McDonnell Douglas DC-9 crashes in Maracaibo, Venezuela, killing 155.

1976 – British Prime Minister Harold Wilson resigns, citing personal reasons.

1977 – Assassination of Kamal Jumblatt, the main leader of the anti-government forces in the Lebanese Civil War.

1978 – Former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro is kidnapped. (He is later murdered by his captors.)

1978 – Supertanker Amoco Cadiz splits in two after running aground on the Portsall Rocks, three miles off the coast of Brittany, resulting in the largest oil spill in history at that time.

1979 – Sino-Vietnamese War: The People's Liberation Army crosses the border back into China, ends the war.

1983 – Demolition of the Ismaning radio transmitter, the last wooden radio tower in Germany.

1984 – William Buckley, the CIA station chief in Beirut, Lebanon, is kidnapped by Islamic fundamentalists. (He later dies in captivity.)

1985 – Associated Press newsman Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut. He is released on December 4, 1991.

1988 – Iran–Contra affair: Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and Vice Admiral John Poindexter are indicted on charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States.

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1988 – Halabja chemical attack: The Kurdish town of Halabja in Iraq is attacked with a mix of poison gas and nerve agents on the orders of Saddam Hussein, killing 5000 people and injuring about 10000 people.

1988 – The Troubles: Ulster loyalist militant Michael Stone attacks a Provisional IRA funeral in Belfast with pistols and grenades. A PIRA volunteer and two civilians are killed, and more than 60 others are wounded.

1989 – In Egypt, a 4400-year-old mummy is found near the Pyramid of Cheops.

1991 – The airplane carrying eight members of Reba McEntire's touring band crashed on the side of Otay Mountain.

1995 – Mississippi formally ratifies the Thirteenth Amendment, becoming the last state to approve the abolition of slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment was officially ratified in 1865.

2001 – A series of bomb blasts that took place in the city of Shijiazhuang, China killed 108 people and injured 38 others, was the biggest mass murder in China in decades.

2003 – American activist Rachel Corrie is killed in Rafah trying to obstruct the demolition of a home by being run over by a bulldozer.

2005 – Israel officially hands over Jericho to Palestinian control.

2014 – Crimea votes in a controversial referendum to secede from Ukraine to join Russia.

2016 – A bomb detonates in a bus carrying government employees in Peshawar, Pakistan, killing 15 and injuring at least 54.

2016 – Two suicide bombers detonate their explosives at a mosque during morning prayer on the outskirts of Maiduguri, Nigeria, killing 22 and injuring 18.

CaptainCrunch

03-17-2018, 11:45 AM

March 17th

45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.

180 – Marcus Aurelius dies leaving Commodus the sole emperor of the Roman Empire.

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455 – Petronius Maximus becomes, with support of the Roman Senate, emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

1001 – The Raja of Butuan in what is now the Philippines sends a tributary mission to the Song dynasty.

1337 – Edward, the Black Prince is made Duke of Cornwall, the first Duchy in England.

1452 – The Battle of Los Alporchones is fought in the context of the Spanish Reconquista between the Emirate of Granada and the combined forces of the Kingdom of Castile and Murcia resulting in a Christian victory.

1560 – Fort Coligny on Villegagnon Island in Rio de Janeiro is attacked and destroyed during the Portuguese campaign against France Antarctique.

1677 – The Siege of Valenciennes, during the Franco-Dutch War, ends with France's taking of the city.

1776 – American Revolution: British forces evacuate Boston, ending the Siege of Boston, after George Washington and Henry Knox place artillery in positions overlooking the city.

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1780 – American Revolution: George Washington grants the Continental Army a holiday "as an act of solidarity with the Irish in their fight for independence".

1805 – The Italian Republic, with Napoleon as president, becomes the Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King.

1824 – The Malay archipelago splits into two domains after the Anglo-Dutch Treaty is signed in London. As a result, the Malay Peninsula is dominated by the British, while Sumatra and Java and surrounding areas are dominated by the Dutch.

1842 – The Relief Society of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is formed.

1852 – Annibale De Gasparis discovers in Naples the asteroid Psyche from the north dome of the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte

1860 – The First Taranaki War begins in Taranaki, New Zealand, a major phase of the New Zealand land wars.

1861 – The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed.

1891 – SS Utopia collides with HMS Anson in the Bay of Gibraltar and sinks, killing 562 of the 880 passengers on board.

1921 – The Second Polish Republic adopts the March Constitution.

1939 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanchang between the Kuomintang and Japan begins.

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1941 – In Washington, D.C., the National Gallery of Art is officially opened by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

1942 – Holocaust: The first Jews from the Lvov Ghetto are gassed at the Belzec death camp in what is today eastern Poland.

1945 – The Ludendorff Bridge in Remagen, Germany, collapses, ten days after its capture.

1947 – First flight of the B-45 Tornado strategic bomber.

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1948 – Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom sign the Treaty of Brussels, a precursor to the North Atlantic Treaty establishing NATO.

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1950 – Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley announce the creation of element 98, which they name "californium".

1957 – A plane crash in Cebu, Philippines kills Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay and 24 others.

1958 – The United States launches the Vanguard 1 satellite.

1959 – Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, flees Tibet for India.

1960 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the National Security Council directive on the anti-Cuban covert action program that will ultimately lead to the Bay of Pigs Invasion.

1963 – Mount Agung erupted on Bali killing more than 1,100 people.

1966 – Off the coast of Spain in the Mediterranean, the DSV Alvin submarine finds a missing American hydrogen bomb.

1968 – As a result of nerve gas testing in Skull Valley, Utah, over 6,000 sheep are found dead.

1969 – Golda Meir becomes the first female Prime Minister of Israel.

1973 – The Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph Burst of Joy is taken, depicting a former prisoner of war being reunited with his family, which came to symbolize the end of United States involvement in the Vietnam War.

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1979 – The Penmanshiel Tunnel collapses during engineering works, killing two workers.

1985 – Serial killer Richard Ramirez, aka the "Night Stalker", commits the first two murders in his Los Angeles murder spree.

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1988 – A Colombian Boeing 727 jetliner, Avianca Flight 410, crashes into a mountainside near the Venezuelan border killing 143.

1988 – Eritrean War of Independence: The Nadew Command, an Ethiopian army corps in Eritrea, is attacked on three sides by military units of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front in the opening action of the Battle of Afabet.

1992 – Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires: Car bomb attack kills 29 and injures 242.

1992 – A referendum to end apartheid in South Africa is passed 68.7% to 31.2%.

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2000 – Five hundred thirty members of the Ugandan cult Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God die in a fire, considered to be a mass murder or suicide orchestrated by leaders of the cult. Elsewhere another 248 members are later found dead.

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2003 – Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Robin Cook, resigns from the British Cabinet in disagreement with government plans for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

2004 – Unrest in Kosovo: More than 22 are killed and 200 wounded. Thirty-five Serbian Orthodox shrines in Kosovo and two mosques in Serbia are destroyed.

2011 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1972 relating to Somalia is adopted.

2011 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 relating to Libyan Civil War is adopted.

CaptainCrunch

03-18-2018, 01:32 PM

March 18th

AD 37 – The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius's will and proclaims Caligula emperor.

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633 – Ridda wars: The Arabian Peninsula is united under the central authority of Caliph Abu Bakr.

1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula, leaves up to 20,000 dead.

1229 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, declares himself King of Jerusalem in the Sixth Crusade.

1241 – First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelm Polish armies in Kraków in the Battle of Chmielnik and plunder the city.

1314 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and final Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake.

1438 – Albert II of Habsburg becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

1608 – Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia.

1644 – The Third Anglo-Powhatan War begins in the Colony of Virginia.

1741 – New York governor George Clarke's complex at Fort George is burned in an arson attack, starting the New York Conspiracy of 1741.

1766 – American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act.

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1793 – The first modern republic in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.

1793 – Flanders Campaign of the French Revolution, Battle of Neerwinden.

1834 – Six farm labourers from Tolpuddle, Dorset, England are sentenced to be transported to Australia for forming a trade union.

1848 – March Revolution: In Berlin there is a struggle between citizens and military, costing about 300 lives.

1850 – American Express is founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo.

1865 – American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States adjourns for the last time.

1871 – Declaration of the Paris Commune; President of the French Republic, Adolphe Thiers, orders the evacuation of Paris.

1874 – Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trade rights.

1892 – Former Governor General Lord Stanley pledges to donate a silver challenge cup, later named after him, as an award for the best hockey team in Canada the Stanley Cup.

1913 – King George I of Greece is assassinated in the recently liberated city of Thessaloniki.

1915 – World War I: During the Battle of Gallipoli, three battleships are sunk during a failed British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles.

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1921 – The second Peace of Riga is signed between Poland and the Soviet Union.

1922 – In India, Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience, of which he serves only two.

1925 – The Tri-State Tornado hits the Midwestern states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killing 695 people.

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1937 – The New London School explosion in New London, Texas, kills 300 people, mostly children.

1937 – Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces defeat the Italians at the Battle of Guadalajara.

1938 – Mexico creates Pemex by expropriating all foreign-owned oil reserves and facilities.

1940 – World War II: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at the Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.

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1942 – The War Relocation Authority is established in the United States to take Japanese Americans into custody.

1944 – The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy kills 26 people and causes thousands to flee their homes.

1948 – Soviet consultants leave Yugoslavia in the first sign of the Tito–Stalin Split.

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1953 – An earthquake hits western Turkey, killing 265 people.

1959 – The Hawaii Admission Act is signed into law.

1962 – The Évian Accords end the Algerian War of Independence, which had begun in 1954.

1965 – Cosmonaut Alexey Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space.

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1967 – The supertanker Torrey Canyon runs aground off the Cornish coast.

1968 – Gold standard: The U.S. Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back US currency.

1969 – The United States begins secretly bombing the Sihanouk Trail in Cambodia, used by communist forces to infiltrate South Vietnam.

1970 – Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.

1971 – Peru: a landslide crashes into Yanawayin Lake, killing 200 people at the mining camp of Chungar.

1980 – A Vostok-2M rocket at Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 explodes during a fueling operation, killing 48 people.

1990 – Germans in the German Democratic Republic vote in the first democratic elections in the former communist dictatorship.

1990 – In the largest art theft in US history, 12 paintings, collectively worth around $500 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston.[1]

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1994 – Bosnia's Bosniaks and Croats sign the Washington Agreement, ending war between the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and establishing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

1996 – A nightclub fire in Quezon City, Philippines kills 162 people.

1997 – The tail of a Russian Antonov An-24 charter plane breaks off while en route to Turkey causing the plane to crash and killing all 50 people on board.

2014 – The parliaments of Russia and Crimea sign an accession treaty.

2015 – The Bardo National Museum in Tunisia is attacked by gunmen. 23 people, almost all tourists, are killed, and at least 50 other people are wounded.

CaptainCrunch

03-19-2018, 12:45 PM

March 19th

1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends the Song dynasty in China.

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1563 – The Edict of Amboise is signed, ending the first phase of the French Wars of Religion and granting certain freedoms to the Huguenots.

1649 – The House of Commons of England passes an act abolishing the House of Lords, declaring it "useless and dangerous to the people of England".

1687 – Explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle, searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River, is murdered by his own men.

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1812 – The Cádiz Cortes promulgates the Spanish Constitution of 1812.

1853 – The Taiping reform movement occupies and makes Nanjing its capital until 1864.

1861 – The First Taranaki War ends in New Zealand.

1863 – The SS Georgiana, said to have been the most powerful Confederate cruiser, is destroyed on her maiden voyage with a cargo of munitions, medicines and merchandise then valued at over $1,000,000.

1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle two days later, Confederate forces had retreated from Four Oaks, North Carolina.

1885 – Louis Riel declares a provisional government in Saskatchewan, beginning the North-West Rebellion.

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1895 – Auguste and Louis Lumière record their first footage using their newly patented cinematograph.

1918 – The U.S. Congress establishes time zones and approves daylight saving time.

1920 – The United States Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles for the second time (the first time was on November 19, 1919).

1921 – Irish War of Independence: One of the biggest engagements of the war takes place at Crossbarry, County Cork. About 100 Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteers escape an attempt by over 1,300 British forces to encircle them.

1931 – Gambling is legalized in Nevada.

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1932 – The Sydney Harbour Bridge is opened.

1943 – Frank Nitti, the Chicago Outfit Boss after Al Capone, commits suicide at the Chicago Central Railyard.

1944 – World War II: The German army occupies Hungary.

1945 – World War II: Off the coast of Japan, a dive bomber hits the aircraft carrier USS Franklin, killing 724 of her crew. Badly damaged, the ship is able to return to the U.S. under her own power.

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1945 – World War II: Adolf Hitler issues his "Nero Decree" ordering all industries, military installations, shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in Germany to be destroyed.

1946 – French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion become overseas départements of France.

1954 – Joey Giardello knocks out Willie Tory in round seven at Madison Square Garden in the first televised prize boxing fight shown in colour.

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1954 – Willie Mosconi sets a world record by running 526 consecutive balls without a miss during a straight pool exhibition at East High Billiard Club in Springfield, Ohio, setting a record which remains unbroken.

1958 – The Monarch Underwear Company fire leaves 24 dead and 15 injured.

1962 – Highly influential artist Bob Dylan releases his first album, Bob Dylan, for Columbia Records.

1962 – Algerian War of Independence ends.

1965 – The wreck of the SS Georgiana, valued at over $50,000,000 and said to have been the most powerful Confederate cruiser, is discovered by teenage diver and pioneer underwater archaeologist E. Lee Spence, exactly 102 years after its destruction.

1966 – Texas Western becomes the first college basketball team to win the Final four with an all-black starting lineup.

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1969 – The 385 metres (1,263 ft) tall TV-mast at Emley Moor transmitting station, United Kingdom, collapses due to ice build-up.

1979 – The United States House of Representatives begins broadcasting its day-to-day business via the cable television network C-SPAN.

1982 – Falklands War: Argentinian forces land on South Georgia Island, precipitating war with the United Kingdom.

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1987 – Televangelist Jim Bakker resigns as head of the PTL Club due to a brewing sex scandal; he hands over control to Jerry Falwell.

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1989 – The Egyptian flag is raised at Taba marking the end of Israeli occupation since the Yom Kippur War in 1973 and the peace negotiations in 1979.

1990 – The ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș begin four days after the anniversary of the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire.

2002 – Zimbabwe is suspended from the Commonwealth on charges of human rights abuses and of electoral fraud, following a turbulent presidential election.

2004 – Catalina affair: A Swedish DC-3 shot down by a Soviet MiG-15 in 1952 over the Baltic Sea is finally recovered after years of work.

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2004 – 3-19 shooting incident: the Republic of China(Taiwan) president Chen Shui-bian was shot just before the country's presidential election on March 20.

2008 – GRB 080319B: A cosmic burst that is the farthest object visible to the naked eye is briefly observed.

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2011 – Libyan Civil War: After the failure of Muammar Gaddafi's forces to take Benghazi, French Air Force launches Opération Harmattan, beginning foreign military intervention in Libya.

2013 – A series of bombings and shootings kills at least 98 people and injures 240 others across Iraq.

2016 – Flydubai Flight 981 crashes while attempting to land at Rostov-on-Don international airport, killing all 62 o

MoneyGuy

03-19-2018, 12:57 PM

I like checking this thread occasionally mostly to see what WWII events happened this day Thank you for doing this.

CaptainCrunch

03-20-2018, 12:45 PM

March 20th

235 – Maximinus Thrax is proclaimed emperor.

673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka.

1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

1600 – The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.

1602 – The Dutch East India Company is established.

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1616 – Sir Walter Raleigh is freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment.

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1760 – The Great Boston Fire of 1760 destroys 349 buildings.

1815 – After escaping from Elba, Napoleon enters Paris with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.

1848 – German revolutions of 1848–49: King Ludwig I of Bavaria abdicates.

1852 – Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is published.

1854 – The Republican Party of the United States is organized in Ripon, Wisconsin.

1861 – An earthquake destroys Mendoza, Argentina.

1883 – The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is signed.

1888 – The premiere of the very first Romani language operetta is staged in Moscow, Russia.

1913 – Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party, is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days later.

1915 – Albert Einstein publishes his general theory of relativity.

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1921 – The Upper Silesia plebiscite was a plebiscite mandated by the Versailles Treaty to determine a section of the border between Weimar Germany and Poland.

1922 – The USS Langley is commissioned as the first United States Navy aircraft carrier.

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1923 – The Arts Club of Chicago hosts the opening of Pablo Picasso's first United States showing, entitled Original Drawings by Pablo Picasso, becoming an early proponent of modern art in the United States.

1933 – Giuseppe Zangara is executed in Florida's electric chair for fatally shooting Anton Cermak in an assassination attempt against President-Elect Franklin D. Roosevelt.

1933 – Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler ordered the creation of Dachau concentration camp as Chief of Police of Munich and appointed Theodor Eicke as the camp commandant.

1942 – World War II: General Douglas MacArthur, at Terowie, South Australia, makes his famous speech regarding the fall of the Philippines, in which he says: "I came out of Bataan and I shall return".

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1948 – With a Musicians Union ban lifted, the first telecasts of classical music in the United States, under Eugene Ormandy and Arturo Toscanini, are given on CBS and NBC.

1951 – Fujiyoshida, a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, in the center of the Japanese main island of Honshū is founded.

1952 – The US Senate ratifies the Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan.

1956 – Tunisia gains independence from France.

1964 – The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organisation) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.

1972 – The Troubles: The first Provisional IRA car bombing in Belfast kills seven people and injures 148 others in Northern Ireland.

1985 – Libby Riddles becomes the first woman to win the 1,135-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.

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1985 – Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Rick Hansen begins his circumnavigation of the globe in a wheelchair in the name of spinal cord injury medical research.

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I made the above video when Rick was announced as a Stampede Parade Marshall

1987 – The Food and Drug Administration approves the anti-AIDS drug, AZT.

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1988 – Eritrean War of Independence: Having defeated the Nadew Command, the Eritrean People's Liberation Front enters the town of Afabet, victoriously concluding the Battle of Afabet.

1990 – Ferdinand Marcos's widow, Imelda Marcos, goes on trial for bribery, embezzlement, and racketeering.

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1993 – The Troubles: A Provisional IRA bomb kills two children in Warrington, England. It leads to mass protests in both Britain and Ireland.

1995 – The Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo carries out a sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway, killing 12 and wounding over 1,300 people.

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1999 – Legoland California, the first Legoland outside of Europe, opens in Carlsbad, California.

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2000 – Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, a former Black Panther once known as H. Rap Brown, is captured after murdering Georgia sheriff's deputy Ricky Kinchen and critically wounding Deputy Aldranon English.

2003 – Invasion of Iraq: In the early hours of the morning, the United States and three other countries (the UK, Australia and Poland) begin military operations in Iraq.

2006 – Over 150 Chadian soldiers are killed in eastern Chad by members of the rebel UFDC. The rebel movement sought to overthrow Chadian president Idriss Déby.

2012 – At least 52 people are killed and more than 250 injured in a wave of terror attacks across ten cities in Iraq.

2014 – Four suspected Taliban members attack the luxurious Kabul Serena Hotel, killing at least nine people.

2015 – A Solar eclipse, equinox, and a Supermoon all occur on the same day.

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CaptainCrunch

03-21-2018, 12:40 PM

March 21st

537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the Vivarium, by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas and Peranius.

630 – Emperor Heraclius returns the True Cross, one of the holiest Christian relics, to Jerusalem.

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717 – Battle of Vincy between Charles Martel and Ragenfrid.

1152 – Annulment of the marriage of King Louis VII of France and Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine.

1188 – Emperor Antoku accedes to the throne of Japan.

1556 – In Oxford, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is burned at the stake.

1788 – A fire in New Orleans leaves most of the town in ruins.

1800 – With the church leadership driven out of Rome during an armed conflict, Pius VII is crowned Pope in Venice with a temporary papal tiara made of papier-mâché.

1801 – The Battle of Alexandria is fought between British and French forces near the ruins of Nicopolis in Egypt.

1804 – Code Napoléon is adopted as French civil law.

1814 – Napoleonic Wars: Austrian forces repel French troops in the Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube.

1844 – The Bahá'í calendar begins. This is the first day of the first year of the Bahá'í calendar. It is annually celebrated by members of the Bahá'í Faith as the Bahá'í New Year or Náw-Rúz.

1861 – Alexander Stephens gives the Cornerstone Speech.

1871 – Otto von Bismarck is appointed as the first Chancellor of the German Empire.

1871 – Journalist Henry Morton Stanley begins his trek to find the missionary and explorer David Livingstone.

1913 – Over 360 are killed and 20,000 homes destroyed in the Great Dayton Flood in Dayton, Ohio.

1918 – World War I: The first phase of the German Spring Offensive, Operation Michael, begins.

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1919 – The Hungarian Soviet Republic is established becoming the first Communist government to be formed in Europe after the October Revolution in Russia.

1921 – The New Economic Policy is implemented by the Bolshevik Party in response to the economic failure as a result of war communism.

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1925 – The Butler Act prohibits the teaching of human evolution in Tennessee.

1925 – Syngman Rhee is removed from office after being impeached as the President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.

1928 – Charles Lindbergh is presented with the Medal of Honor for the first solo trans-Atlantic flight.

1935 – Shah of Iran Reza Shah Pahlavi formally asks the international community to call Persia by its native name, Iran.

1937 – Ponce massacre: Nineteen people in Ponce, Puerto Rico are gunned down by police acting on orders of the US-appointed Governor, Blanton C. Winship.

1943 – Wehrmacht officer Rudolf von Gersdorff plots to assassinate Adolf Hitler by using a suicide bomb, but the plan falls through; von Gersdorff is able to defuse the bomb in time and avoid suspicion.

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1945 – World War II: British troops liberate Mandalay, Burma.

1945 – World War II: Operation Carthage: Royal Air Force planes bomb Gestapo headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark. They also accidentally hit a school, killing 125 civilians.

1945 – World War II: Bulgaria and the Soviet Union successfully complete their defense of the north bank of the Drava River as the Battle of the Transdanubian Hills concludes.

1946 – The Los Angeles Rams sign Kenny Washington, making him the first African American player in the American football since 1933.

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1952 – Alan Freed presents the Moondog Coronation Ball, the first rock and roll concert, in Cleveland, Ohio.

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1960 – Apartheid: Sharpeville massacre, South Africa: Police open fire on a group of black South African demonstrators, killing 69 and wounding 180.

1963 – Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary (in California) closes.

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1965 – Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9, the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes.

1965 – Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. leads 3,200 people on the start of the third and finally successful civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama.

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1968 – Battle of Karameh in Jordan between the Israel Defense Forces and the combined forces of the Jordanian Armed Forces and PLO.

1970 – The first Earth Day proclamation is issued by Joseph Alioto, Mayor of San Francisco.

1980 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter announces a United States boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow to protest the Soviet–Afghan War.

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1983 – The first cases of the 1983 West Bank fainting epidemic begin; Israelis and Palestinians accuse each other of poison gas, but the cause is later determined mostly to be psychosomatic.

1986 – Debi Thomas became the first African American to win the World Figure Skating Championships

Yeah not to be a jerk, but nobody in Canada remembers Debi Thomas' performance in Calgary, nor that she lost to Ekaterina Witt. They remember this. You know what, its my thread and i can do what I want to damnit.

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1990 – Namibia becomes independent after 75 years of South African rule.

1994 – The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change enters into force.

1999 – Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon.

2000 – Pope John Paul II makes his first ever pontifical visit to Israel.

2006 – The social media site Twitter is founded

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2009 – Four police officers are shot and killed and a fifth is wounded in two shootings at Oakland, California.

CaptainCrunch

03-22-2018, 11:46 AM

March 22nd

238 – Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperors.

871 – Æthelred of Wessex is defeated by a Danish invasion army at the Battle of Marton.

1508 – Ferdinand II of Aragon commissions Amerigo Vespucci chief navigator of the Spanish Empire.

1621 – The Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony sign a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoags.

1622 – Jamestown massacre: Algonquians kill 347 English settlers around Jamestown, Virginia, a third of the colony's population, during the Second Anglo-Powhatan War.

1630 – The Massachusetts Bay Colony outlaws the possession of cards, dice, and gaming tables.

1638 – Anne Hutchinson is expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious dissent.

1713 – The Tuscarora War comes to an end with the fall of Fort Neoheroka, effectively opening up the interior of North Carolina to European colonization.

1739 – Nader Shah occupies Delhi in India and sacks the city, stealing the jewels of the Peacock Throne.

1765 – The British Parliament passes the Stamp Act that introduces a tax to be levied directly on its American colonies.

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1784 – The Emerald Buddha is moved with great ceremony to its current location in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand.

1829 – In the London Protocol, the three protecting powers (United Kingdom, France and Russia) establish the borders of Greece.

1849 – The Austrians defeat the Piedmontese at the Battle of Novara.

1871 – In North Carolina, William Woods Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment.

1872 – Illinois becomes the first state to require gender equality in employment.

1873 – The Spanish National Assembly abolishes slavery in Puerto Rico.

1894 – The first playoff game for the Stanley Cup starts.

1906 – The first England vs France rugby union match is played at Parc des Princes in Paris

1916 – The last Emperor of China, Yuan Shikai, abdicates the throne and the Republic of China is restored.

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1920 – Azeri and Turkish army soldiers with participation of Kurdish gangs attacked the Armenian inhabitants of Shushi (Nagorno Karabakh).

1933 – Cullen–Harrison Act: President Franklin Roosevelt signs an amendment to the Volstead Act, legalizing the manufacture and sale of "3.2 beer" (3.2% alcohol by weight, approximately 4% alcohol by volume) and light wines.

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1939 – Germany takes Memel from Lithuania.

1942 – World War II: In the Mediterranean Sea, the Royal Navy confronts Italy's Regia Marina in the Second Battle of Sirte.

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1943 – World War II: the entire village of Khatyn (in what is the present-day Republic of Belarus) is burnt alive by Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118.

1945 – The Arab League is founded when a charter is adopted in Cairo, Egypt.

1960 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Hard Townes receive the first patent for a laser.

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1972 – The United States Congress sends the Equal Rights Amendment to the states for ratification.

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1972 – In Eisenstadt v. Baird, the United States Supreme Court decides that unmarried persons have the right to possess contraceptives.

1975 – A fire at the Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant in Decatur, Alabama causes a dangerous reduction in cooling water levels.

1978 – Karl Wallenda of The Flying Wallendas dies after falling off a tight-rope between two hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

1982 – NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia is launched from the Kennedy Space Center on its third mission, STS-3.

1992 – USAir Flight 405 crashes shortly after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport, leading to a number of studies into the effect that ice has on aircraft.

1992 – Fall of communism in Albania: The Democratic Party of Albania wins a decisive majority in the parliamentary election.

1993 – The Intel Corporation ships the first Pentium chips (80586), featuring a 60 MHz clock speed, 100+ MIPS, and a 64 bit data path.

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1995 – Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns to earth after setting a record of 438 days in space.

1997 – Tara Lipinski, aged 14 years and 9 months, becomes the youngest women's World Figure Skating Champion.

2004 – Ahmed Yassin, co-founder and leader of the Palestinian Sunni Islamist group Hamas, two bodyguards, and nine civilian bystanders are killed in the Gaza Strip when hit by Israeli Air Force Hellfire missiles.

2006 – Three Christian Peacemaker Team (CPT) hostages are freed by British forces in Baghdad after 118 days of captivity and the murder of their colleague from the U.S., Tom Fox.

2013 – At least 37 people are killed and 200 are injured after a fire destroys a camp containing Burmese refugees near Ban Mae, Thailand.

2016 – Three suicide bombers kill 32 people and injure 316 in the 2016 Brussels bombings at the airport and at the Maelbeek/Maalbeek metro station.

2017 – A terrorist attack in London near the Houses of Parliament leaves four people dead and at least 20 injured.

CaptainCrunch

03-23-2018, 03:05 PM

March 23rd

1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official.

1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last religious community to be closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

1568 – The Peace of Longjumeau is signed, ending the second phase of the French Wars of Religion.

1708 – James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth.

1775 – American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his speech – "Give me liberty, or give me death!" – at St. John's Episcopal Church, Richmond, Virginia.

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1801 – Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death inside his bedroom at St. Michael's Castle.

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1806 – After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their "Corps of Discovery" begin their arduous journey home.

1821 – Greek War of Independence: Battle and fall of city of Kalamata.

1848 – The ship John Wickliffe arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded.

1857 – Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City.

1862 – American Civil War - The First Battle of Kernstown, Virginia, marks the start of Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. Although a Confederate defeat, the engagement distracts Federal efforts to capture Richmond.

1868 – The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.

1879 – War of the Pacific: The Battle of Topáter, the first battle of the war is fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru.

1885 – Sino-French War: Chinese victory in the Battle of Phu Lam Tao near Hưng Hóa, northern Vietnam.

1888 – In England, The Football League, the world's oldest professional association football league, meets for the first time.

1889 – The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, British India.

1901 – Emilio Aguinaldo, only President of the First Philippine Republic, was captured at Palanan, Isabela by the forces of General Frederick Funston.

1905 – Eleftherios Venizelos calls for Crete's union with Greece, and begins what is to be known as the Theriso revolt.

1909 – Theodore Roosevelt leaves New York for a post-presidency safari in Africa. The trip is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.

1918 – First World War: On the third day of the German Spring Offensive, the 10th Battalion of the Royal West Kent Regiment is annihilated with many of the men becoming prisoners of war

1919 – In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.

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1931 – Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hanged for the killing of a deputy superintendent of police during the Indian struggle for independence.

1933 – The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act of 1933, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.

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1935 – Signing of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

1939 – The Hungarian air force attacks the headquarters of the Slovak air force in Spišská Nová Ves, killing 13 people and beginning the Slovak–Hungarian War.

1940 – The Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Pakistan or Qarardad-e-Lahore) is put forward at the Annual General Convention of the All-India Muslim League.

1956 – Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic in the world. (Republic Day in Pakistan)

1965 – NASA launches Gemini 3, the United States' first two-man space flight (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young).

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1977 – The first of The Nixon Interviews (12 will be recorded over four weeks) is videotaped with British journalist David Frost interviewing former United States President Richard Nixon about the Watergate scandal and the Nixon tapes.

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1978 – The first UNIFIL troops arrived in Lebanon for peacekeeping mission along the Blue Line.

1980 – Archbishop Óscar Romero of El Salvador gives his famous speech appealing to men of the El Salvadoran armed forces to stop killing the Salvadorans.

1982 – Guatemala's government, headed by Fernando Romeo Lucas García is overthrown in a military coup by right-wing General Efraín Ríos Montt.

1983 – Strategic Defense Initiative: President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles.

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1991 – The Revolutionary United Front, with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia, invades Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow Joseph Saidu Momoh, sparking a gruesome 11-year Sierra Leone Civil War.

1994 – At an election rally in Tijuana, Mexican presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio is assassinated by Mario Aburto Martínez.

1994 – A United States Air Force (USAF) F-16 aircraft collides with a USAF C-130 at Pope Air Force Base and then crashes, killing 24 United States Army soldiers on the ground. This later became known as the Green Ramp disaster.

1994 – Aeroflot Flight 593 crashed into the Kuznetsk Alatau mountain, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, killing 75.

1996 – Taiwan holds its first direct elections and chooses Lee Teng-hui as President.

1999 – Gunmen assassinate Paraguay's Vice President Luis María Argaña.

2001 – The Russian Mir space station is disposed of, breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji.

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2003 – Battle of Nasiriyah, first major conflict during the invasion of Iraq.

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2008 – Official opening of Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad, India
2009 – FedEx Express Flight 80: A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 flying from Guangzhou, China crashes at Tokyo's Narita International Airport, killing both the captain and the co-pilot.

CaptainCrunch

03-24-2018, 10:55 AM

March 24th

1401 – Turco-Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus.

1603 – James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England and Ireland, upon the death of Elizabeth I.

1603 – Tokugawa Ieyasu is granted the title of shogun from Emperor Go-Yōzei, and establishes the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo, Japan.

1663 – The Province of Carolina is granted by charter to eight Lords Proprietor in reward for their assistance in restoring Charles II of England to the throne.

1720 – Count Frederick of Hesse-Kassel is elected King of Sweden by the Riksdag of the Estates, after his consort Ulrika Eleonora abdicated the throne on 29 February

1721 – Johann Sebastian Bach dedicated six concertos to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt, now commonly called the Brandenburg Concertos, BWV 1046–1051.

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1731 – Naturalization of Hieronimus de Salis Parliamentary Act is passed.

1765 – Great Britain passes the Quartering Act, which requires the Thirteen Colonies to house British troops.

1794 – In Kraków, Tadeusz Kościuszko announces a general uprising against Imperial Russia and the Kingdom of Prussia, and assumes the powers of the Commander in Chief of all of the Polish forces.

1829 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, allowing Catholics to serve in Parliament.

1832 – In Hiram, Ohio, a group of men beat and tar and feather Mormon leader Joseph Smith.

1837 – Canada gives African Canadian men the right to vote.

1854 – Slavery is abolished in Venezuela.

1860 – Sakuradamon Incident: Assassination of Japanese Chief Minister (Tairō) Ii Naosuke.

1869 – The last of Titokowaru's forces surrendered to the New Zealand government, ending his uprising.

1878 – The British frigate HMS Eurydice sinks, killing more than 300.

1882 – Robert Koch announces the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis.

1885 – Sino-French War: Chinese victory in the Battle of Bang Bo on the Tonkin–Guangxi border.

1896 – A. S. Popov makes the first radio signal transmission in history.

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1900 – Mayor of New York City Robert Anderson Van Wyck breaks ground for a new underground "Rapid Transit Railroad" that would link Manhattan and Brooklyn.

1907 – The first issue of the Georgian Bolshevik newspaper Dro is published.

1921 – The 1921 Women's Olympiad begins in Monte Carlo, first international women's sports event.

1927 – Nanking Incident: Foreign warships bombard Nanjing, China, in defense of the foreign citizens within the city.

1933 – The Enabling Act passed in both the Reichstag and Reichsrat.

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1934 – United States Congress passes the Tydings–McDuffie Act, allowing the Philippines to become a self-governing commonwealth.

1944 – Ardeatine massacre: German troops murder 335 Italian civilians in Rome.

1944 – World War II: In an event later dramatized in the movie The Great Escape, 76 Allied prisoners of war begin breaking out of the German camp Stalag Luft III.

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1946 – A British Cabinet Mission arrives in India to discuss and plan for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership.

1958 – Rock 'n' roll teen idol Elvis Presley is drafted in the U.S. Army.

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1961 – Quebec Board of the French Language is established.

1965 – Images from the Ranger 9 lunar probe are broadcast live on network television.

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1973 – Kenyan athlete Kip Keino defeats Jim Ryun at the first-ever professional track meet in Los Angeles.

1976 – In Argentina, the armed forces overthrow the constitutional government of President Isabel Perón and start a 7-year dictatorial period self-styled the National Reorganization Process.

1977 - Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister of India, the first Prime Minister not to belong to Indian National Congress.

1980 – El Salvadorian Archbishop Óscar Romero is assassinated while celebrating Mass in San Salvador.

1986 – The Loscoe gas explosion leads to new UK laws on landfill gas migration and gas protection on landfill sites.

1989 – In Prince William Sound in Alaska, the Exxon Valdez spills 240,000 barrels (38,000 m3) of crude oil after running aground.

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1993 – Discovery of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9.

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1998 – Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden, aged 11 and 13 respectively, fire upon teachers and students at Westside Middle School in Jonesboro, Arkansas; five people are killed and ten are wounded.

1998 – A tornado sweeps through Dantan in India, killing 250 people and injuring 3,000 others.

1998 – First computer-assisted Bone Segment Navigation, performed at the University of Regensburg, Germany

1999 – Kosovo war: NATO began attacks on Yugoslavia without United Nations Security Council (UNSC) approval, marking the first time NATO has attacked a sovereign country.

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1999 – A lorry carrying margarine and flour catches fire inside the Mont Blanc Tunnel. The resulting inferno kills 38 people.

2003 – The Arab League votes 21–1 in favor of a resolution demanding the immediate and unconditional removal of U.S. and British soldiers from Iraq.

2008 – Bhutan officially becomes a democracy, with its first ever general election.

2015 – Germanwings Flight 9525 crashes in the French Alps in an apparent pilot mass murder-suicide, killing all 150 people on board.

CaptainCrunch

03-25-2018, 08:57 PM

March 25th

708 – Pope Constantine succeeds Pope Sisinnius as the 88th pope.

717 – Theodosius III resigns the throne to the Byzantine Empire to enter the clergy.

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919 – Romanos Lekapenos seizes the Boukoleon Palace in Constantinople and becomes regent of the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII.

1000 – Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah assassinates the eunuch chief minister Barjawan and assumes control of the government.

1199 – Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France, leading to his death on April 6.

1306 – Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scots (Scotland).

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1409 – The Council of Pisa opens.

1555 – The city of Valencia is founded in present-day Venezuela.

1576 – Jerome Savage takes out a sub-lease to start the Newington Butts Theatre outside London.

1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh is granted a patent to colonize Virginia.

1655 – Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens.

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1802 – The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and the United Kingdom.

1807 – The Slave Trade Act becomes law, abolishing the slave trade in the British Empire.

1807 – The Swansea and Mumbles Railway, then known as the Oystermouth Railway, becomes the first passenger-carrying railway in the world.

1811 – Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from the University of Oxford for publishing the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.

1821 – Traditional date of the start of the Greek War of Independence. The war had actually begun on 23 February 1821 (Julian calendar).

1845 – New Zealand Legislative Council pass the first Militia Act constituting the New Zealand Army[1].

1865 – American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces temporarily capture Fort Stedman from the Union.

1894 – Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs Massillon, Ohio for Washington, D.C.

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1911 – In New York City, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire kills 146 garment workers.

1917 – The Georgian Orthodox Church restores its autocephaly abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811.

1918 – The Belarusian People's Republic is established.

1924 – On the anniversary of Greek Independence, Alexandros Papanastasiou proclaims the Second Hellenic Republic.

1931 – The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape.

1941 – The Kingdom of Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers with the signing of the Tripartite Pact.

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1947 – An explosion in a coal mine in Centralia, Illinois kills 111.

1948 – The first successful tornado forecast predicts that a tornado will strike Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma.

1949 – More than 92,000 kulaks are suddenly deported from the Baltic states to Siberia.

1957 – United States Customs seizes copies of Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl" on obscenity grounds.

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1957 – The European Economic Community is established with West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg as the first members.

1965 – Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King Jr. successfully complete their 4-day 50-mile march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.

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1969 – During their honeymoon, John Lennon and Yoko Ono hold their first Bed-In for Peace at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel (until March 31).

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1971 – Bangladesh Liberation War: Beginning of Operation Searchlight by the Pakistan Armed Forces against East Pakistani civilians.

1971 – The Army of the Republic of Vietnam abandon an attempt to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos.

1975 – Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by a mentally ill nephew.

1979 – The first fully functional Space Shuttle orbiter, Columbia, is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch.

1988 – The Candle demonstration in Bratislava is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia.

1995 – WikiWikiWeb, the world's first wiki, and part of the Portland Pattern Repository, is made public by Ward Cunningham.

1996 – The European Union's Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy).

2006 – Capitol Hill massacre: A gunman kills six people before taking his own life at a party in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood.

2006 – Protesters demanding a new election in Belarus, following the rigged Belarusian presidential election, 2006, clash with riot police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin is among several protesters arrested.

CaptainCrunch

03-26-2018, 06:09 PM

March 26th

590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

908 – Emperor Zhu Wen of Later Liang has Li Zhu, the last Tang Dynasty emperor, poisoned.

1027 – Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.

1169 – Saladin becomes the emir of Egypt.

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1344 – The Siege of Algeciras, one of the first European military engagements where gunpowder was used, comes to an end.

1351 – Combat of the Thirty: Thirty Breton knights call out and defeat thirty English knights.

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1484 – William Caxton prints his translation of Aesop's Fables.

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1552 – Guru Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh guru.

1636 – Utrecht University is founded in the Netherlands.

1812 – An earthquake devastates Caracas, Venezuela.

1812 – A political cartoon in the Boston Gazette coins the term "gerrymander" to describe oddly shaped electoral districts designed to help incumbents win reelection.

1830 – The Book of Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York.

1839 – The first Henley Royal Regatta is held.

1871 – The elections of Commune council of the Paris Commune are held.

1885 – The Métis people of the District of Saskatchewan under Louis Riel begin the North-West Rebellion against Canada.

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1913 – First Balkan War: Bulgarian forces capture Adrianople.

1915 – The Vancouver Millionaires win the 1915 Stanley Cup Finals, the first championship played between the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and the National Hockey Association.

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1917 – World War I: First Battle of Gaza: British troops are halted after 17,000 Turks block their advance.

1922 – The German Social Democratic Party is founded in Poland.

1931 – Swissair is founded as the national airline of Switzerland.

1931 – Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union is founded in Vietnam.

1934 – The United Kingdom driving test is introduced.

1939 – Spanish Civil War: Nationalists begin their final offensive of the war.

1942 – World War II: The first female prisoners arrive at Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland.

1945 – World War II: The Battle of Iwo Jima ends as the island is officially secured by American forces.

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1954 – Nuclear weapons testing: The Romeo shot of Operation Castle is detonated at Bikini Atoll. Yield: 11 megatons.

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1958 – The United States Army launches Explorer 3.

1958 – The African Regroupment Party is launched at a meeting in Paris.

1967 – Ten thousand people gather for one of many Central Park be-ins in New York City.

1970 – South Vietnamese President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu implements a land reform program to solve the problem of land tenancy

1971 – East Pakistan declares its independence from Pakistan to form Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Liberation War begins.

1975 – The Biological Weapons Convention comes into force.

1979 – Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin and Jimmy Carter sign the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty in Washington, D.C.

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1981 – Social Democratic Party (UK) is founded as a party.

1982 – A groundbreaking ceremony for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is held in Washington, D.C..

1991 – Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay sign the Treaty of Asunción, establishing Mercosur, the South Common Market.

1997 – Thirty-nine bodies are found in the Heaven's Gate mass suicides.

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1998 – During the Algerian Civil War, the Oued Bouaicha massacre sees fifty-two people, mostly infants, killed with axes and knives.

2005 – Around 200,000 to 300,000 Taiwanese demonstrate in Taipei in opposition to the Anti-Secession Law of China.

2010 – The South Korean Navy corvette Cheonan is torpedoed, killing 46 sailors. After an international investigation, the President of the United Nations Security Council blames North Korea.

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2017 – Russia-wide anti-corruption protests in 99 cities. The Levada Center survey showed that 38% of surveyed Russians supported protests and that 67 percent held Putin personally responsible for high-level corruption.

CaptainCrunch

03-27-2018, 01:00 PM

March 27th

1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.

1329 – Pope John XXII issues his In Agro Dominico condemning some writings of Meister Eckhart as heretical.

1513 – Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León reaches the northern end of The Bahamas on his first voyage to Florida.

1625 – Charles I becomes King of England, Scotland and Ireland as well as claiming the title King of France.

1782 – Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

1794 – The United States Government establishes a permanent navy and authorizes the building of six frigates.

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1794 – Denmark and Sweden form a neutrality compact.

1809 – Peninsular War: A combined Franco-Polish force defeats the Spanish in the Battle of Ciudad Real.

1814 – War of 1812: In central Alabama, U.S. forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.

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1836 – Texas Revolution: On the orders of General Antonio López de Santa Anna, the Mexican army massacres 342 Texas POWs at Goliad, Texas.

1866 – President Andrew Johnson vetoes the Civil Rights Act of 1866. His veto is overridden by Congress and the bill passes into law on April 9.

1871 – The first international rugby football match, when Scotland defeats England in Edinburgh at Raeburn Place.

1884 – A mob in Cincinnati, Ohio, attacks members of a jury which had returned a verdict of manslaughter in what was seen as a clear case of murder; over the next few days the mob would riot and eventually destroy the courthouse.

1886 – Geronimo, Apache warrior, surrenders to the U.S. Army, ending the main phase of the Apache Wars.

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1899 – Emilio Aguinaldo leads Filipino forces for the only time during the Philippine–American War at the Battle of Marilao River.

1915 – Typhoid Mary, the first healthy carrier of disease ever identified in the United States, is put in quarantine, where she would remain for the rest of her life.

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1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Taierzhuang begins, resulting several weeks later in the war's first major Chinese victory over Japan.

1941 – World War II: Yugoslav Air Force officers topple the pro-Axis government in a bloodless coup.

1943 – World War II: Battle of the Komandorski Islands: In the Aleutian Islands the battle begins when United States Navy forces intercept Japanese attempting to reinforce a garrison at Kiska.

1945 – World War II: Operation Starvation, the aerial mining of Japan's ports and waterways begins. Argentina declares war on the Axis Powers.

1958 – Nikita Khrushchev becomes Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.

1964 – The Good Friday earthquake, the most powerful earthquake recorded in North American history at a magnitude of 9.2 strikes Southcentral Alaska, killing 125 people and inflicting massive damage to the city of Anchorage.

1975 – Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System begins.

1977 – Tenerife airport disaster: Two Boeing 747 airliners collide on a foggy runway on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, killing 583 (all 248 on KLM and 335 on Pan Am). Sixty-one survived on the Pan Am flight. This is the deadliest aviation accident in history.

1980 – The Norwegian oil platform Alexander L. Kielland collapses in the North Sea, killing 123 of its crew of 212.

1980 – Silver Thursday: A steep fall in silver prices, resulting from the Hunt Brothers attempting to corner the market in silver, leads to panic on commodity and futures exchanges.

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1981 – The Solidarity movement in Poland stages a warning strike, in which at least 12 million Poles walk off their jobs for four hours.

1986 – A car bomb explodes outside Russell Street Police HQ in Melbourne, Australia, killing one police officer and injuring 21 people.

1990 – The United States begins broadcasting anti-Castro propaganda to Cuba on TV Martí.

1993 – Jiang Zemin is appointed President of the People's Republic of China.

1993 – Italian former minister and Christian Democracy leader Giulio Andreotti is accused of mafia allegiance by the tribunal of Palermo.

1998 – The Food and Drug Administration approves Viagra for use as a treatment for male impotence, the first pill to be approved for this condition in the United States.

1999 – Kosovo War: An American Lockheed F-117A Nighthawk is shot down by a Yugoslav SAM, the first and only Nighthawk to be lost in combat.

2000 – A Phillips Petroleum plant explosion in Pasadena, Texas kills one person and injures 71 others.

2002 – Passover massacre: A Palestinian suicide bomber kills 29 people at a Passover seder in Netanya, Israel.

2002 – Nanterre massacre: In Nanterre, France, a gunman opens fire at the end of a town council meeting, resulting in the deaths of eight councilors; 19 other people are injured.

2004 – HMS Scylla, a decommissioned Leander-class frigate, is sunk as an artificial reef off Cornwall, the first of its kind in Europe.

2009 – The dam forming Situ Gintung, an artificial lake in Indonesia, fails, killing at least 99 people.

2014 – Philippines signs a peace accord with the largest Muslim rebel group, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, ending decades of conflict.

2015 – Al-Shabab militants attack and temporarily occupy a Mogadishu hotel leaving at least 20 people dead.

2016 – A suicide blast in Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park, Lahore claims over 70 lives and leaves almost 300 others injured. The target of the bombing are Christians celebrating Easter.

CaptainCrunch

03-28-2018, 12:59 PM

March 28th

AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate.

193 – Roman Emperor Pertinax is assassinated by Praetorian Guards, who then sell the throne to Didius Julianus in an auction.

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364 – Roman Emperor Valentinian I appoints his brother Flavius Valens co-emperor.

1566 – The foundation stone of Valletta, Malta's capital city, is laid by Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

1737 – The Marathas under Baji Rao I attack and defeat the Mughals in the Battle of Delhi

1776 – Juan Bautista de Anza finds the site for the Presidio of San Francisco.

1794 – Allies under Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld defeat French forces at Le Cateau.

1795 – Partitions of Poland: The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, a northern fief of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, ceases to exist and becomes part of Imperial Russia.

1801 – Treaty of Florence is signed.

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1802 – Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers discovers 2 Pallas, the second asteroid ever to be discovered.

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1809 – Peninsular War: France defeats Spain in the Battle of Medellín.

1814 – War of 1812: In the Battle of Valparaíso, two American naval vessels are captured by two Royal Navy vessels of equal strength.

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1842 – First concert of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Otto Nicolai.

1854 – Crimean War: France and Britain declare war on Russia.

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1860 – First Taranaki War: The Battle of Waireka begins.

1862 – American Civil War: In the Battle of Glorieta Pass, Union forces stop the Confederate invasion of the New Mexico Territory. The battle began on March 26.

1871 – The Paris Commune is formally established in Paris.

1883 – Tonkin Campaign: French victory in the Battle of Gia Cuc.

1910 – Henri Fabre becomes the first person to fly a seaplane, the Fabre Hydravion, after taking off from a water runway near Martigues, France.

1920 – Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1920 affects the Great Lakes region and Deep South states.

1933 – The Imperial Airways biplane City of Liverpool is believed to be the first airliner lost to sabotage when a passenger sets a fire on board.

1939 – Spanish Civil War: Generalissimo Francisco Franco conquers Madrid after a three-year siege.

1941 – World War II: Britain's Mediterranean Fleet sinks three heavy cruisers and two destroyers of Italy's Regia Marina.

1942 – World War II: A British combined force permanently disables the Louis Joubert Lock in Saint-Nazaire in order to keep the German battleship Tirpitz away from the mid-ocean convoy lanes.

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1946 – Cold War: The United States Department of State releases the Acheson–Lilienthal Report, outlining a plan for the international control of nuclear power.

1951 – First Indochina War: In the Battle of Mạo Khê, French Union forces, led by World War II hero Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, inflict a defeat on Việt Minh forces commanded by General Võ Nguyên Giáp.

1959 – The State Council of the People's Republic of China dissolves the government of Tibet.

1968 – Brazilian high school student Edson Luís de Lima Souto is killed by military police at a protest for cheaper meals at a restaurant for low-income students.

1969 – Greek poet and Nobel Prize laureate Giorgos Seferis makes a famous statement on the BBC World Service opposing the junta in Greece.

1970 – An earthquake strikes western Turkey at about 23:05 local time, killing 1,086 and injuring 1,260.

1978 – The US Supreme Court hands down 5–3 decision in Stump v. Sparkman, a controversial case involving involuntary sterilization and judicial immunity.

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1979 – A coolant leak at the Three Mile Island's Unit 2 nuclear reactor outside Harrisburg, Pennsylvania leads to the core overheating and a partial meltdown.

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1979 – The British House of Commons passes a vote of no confidence against James Callaghan's government, precipitating a general election.

1990 – United States President George H. W. Bush posthumously awards Jesse Owens the Congressional Gold Medal.

1994 – In South Africa, African National Congress security guards kill dozens of Inkatha Freedom Party protesters.

1999 – Kosovo War: Serb paramilitary and military forces kill 146 Kosovo Albanians in Izbica.

2003 – In a friendly fire incident, two American A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft attack British tanks participating in the 2003 invasion of Iraq, killing one soldier.

2005 – An earthquake shakes northern Sumatra with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong), leaving 915–1,314 people dead and 340–1,146 injured.

2006 – Massive protests are mounted against France's First Employment Contract law, meant to reduce youth unemployment.

CaptainCrunch

03-29-2018, 12:47 PM

March 29th

502 – King Gundobad issues a new legal code (Lex Burgundionum) at Lyon that makes Gallo-Romans and Burgundians subject to the same laws.

845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.

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1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of Venice.

1461 – Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton: Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England.

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1500 – Cesare Borgia is given the title of Captain General and Gonfalonier by his father Rodrigo Borgia after returning from his conquests in the Romagna.

1549 – The city of Salvador da Bahia, the first capital of Brazil, is founded.

1632 – Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed returning Quebec to French control after the English had seized it in 1629.

1792 – King Gustav III of Sweden dies after being shot in the back at a midnight masquerade ball at Stockholm's Royal Opera 13 days earlier. He is succeeded by Gustav IV Adolf.

1806 – Construction is authorized of the Great National Pike, better known as the Cumberland Road, becoming the first United States federal highway.

1809 – King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden abdicates after a coup d'état. At the Diet of Porvoo, Finland's four Estates pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia, commencing the secession of the Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden.

1831 – Great Bosnian uprising: Bosniaks rebel against Turkey.

1847 – Mexican–American War: United States forces led by General Winfield Scott take Veracruz after a siege.

1849 – The United Kingdom annexes the Punjab.

1857 – Sepoy Mangal Pandey of the 34th Regiment, Bengal Native Infantry mutinies against the East India Company's rule in India and inspires the protracted Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.

1865 – American Civil War: Federal forces under Major General Philip Sheridan move to flank Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee as the Appomattox Campaign begins.

1867 – Queen Victoria gives Royal Assent to the British North America Act which establishes the Dominion of Canada on July 1.

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1871 – Royal Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria.

1879 – Anglo-Zulu War: Battle of Kambula: British forces defeat 20,000 Zulus.

1882 – The Knights of Columbus is established.

1886 – John Pemberton brews the first batch of Coca-Cola in a backyard in Atlanta.

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1911 – The M1911 .45 ACP pistol becomes the official U.S. Army side arm.

1927 – Sunbeam 1000hp breaks the land speed record at Daytona Beach, Florida.[1]

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1930 – Heinrich Brüning is appointed German Reichskanzler.

1936 – In Germany, Adolf Hitler receives 99% of the votes in a referendum to ratify Germany's illegal remilitarization and reoccupation of the Rhineland, receiving 44.5 million votes out of 45.5 million registered voters.

1941 – The North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement goes into effect at 03:00 local time.

1941 – World War II: British Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy forces defeat those of the Italian Regia Marina off the Peloponnesian coast of Greece in the Battle of Cape Matapan.

1942 – The Bombing of Lübeck in World War II is the first major success for the RAF Bomber Command against Germany and a German city.

1945 – World War II: Last day of V-1 flying bomb attacks on England.

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1945 – World War II: The German 4th Army is almost destroyed by the Soviet Red Army.

1946 – Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, one of Mexico's leading universities, is founded.

1947 – Malagasy Uprising against French colonial rule in Madagascar.

1951 – Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage.

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1957 – The New York, Ontario and Western Railway makes its final run, the first major U.S. railroad to be abandoned in its entirety.

1961 – The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, allowing residents of Washington, D.C., to vote in presidential elections.

1962 – Arturo Frondizi, the president of Argentina, is overthrown in a military coup by Argentina's armed forces, ending an 11½ day constitutional crisis.

1971 – My Lai Massacre: Lieutenant William Calley is convicted of premeditated murder and sentenced to life in prison.

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1973 – Vietnam War: The last United States combat soldiers leave South Vietnam.

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1973 – Operation Barrel Roll, a covert American bombing campaign in Laos to stop communist infiltration of South Vietnam, ends.

1974 – NASA's Mariner 10 becomes the first space probe to fly by Mercury.

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1974 – Terracotta Army was discovered in Shaanxi province, China.

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1982 – The Canada Act 1982 receives the Royal Assent from Queen Elizabeth II, setting the stage for the Queen of Canada to proclaim the Constitution Act, 1982.

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1984 – The Baltimore Colts load its possessions onto fifteen Mayflower moving trucks in the early morning hours and transfer its operations to Indianapolis.

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1990 – The Czechoslovak parliament is unable to reach an agreement on what to call the country after the fall of Communism, sparking the so-called Hyphen War.

1993 – Catherine Callbeck becomes premier of Prince Edward Island and the first woman to be elected in a general election as premier of a Canadian province.

1999 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 10,000 mark (10,006.78) for the first time, during the height of the dot-com bubble.

1999 – A magnitude 6.8 earthquake in India strikes the Chamoli district in Uttar Pradesh, killing 103.

2002 – In reaction to the Passover massacre two days prior, Israel launches Operation Defensive Shield against Palestinian militants, its largest military operation in the West Bank since the 1967 Six-Day War.

2004 – Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia join NATO as full members.

2010 – Two suicide bombers hit the Moscow Metro system at the peak of the morning rush hour, killing 40.

2013 – At least 36 people are killed when a 16-floor building collapses in the commercial capital Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

2014 – The first same-sex marriages in England and Wales are performed.

2017 – The United Kingdom invokes Article 50, beginning the formal process of Brexit.

CaptainCrunch

03-30-2018, 08:41 PM

March 30th

598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro-Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague.

1282 – The people of Sicily rebel against the Angevin king Charles I, in what becomes known as the Sicilian Vespers.

1296 – Edward I sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed, during armed conflict between Scotland and England.

1815 – Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Proclamation which would later inspire Italian unification.

1818 – Physicist Augustin Fresnel reads a memoir on optical rotation to the French Academy of Sciences, reporting that when polarized light is "depolarized" by a Fresnel rhomb, its properties are preserved in any subsequent passage through an optically-rotating crystal or liquid.[1]

1822 – The Florida Territory is created in the United States.

1841 – The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens.

1842 – Ether anesthesia is used for the first time, in an operation by the American surgeon Dr. Crawford Long.

1844 – One of the most important battles of the Dominican War of Independence from Haiti takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros.

1855 – Origins of the American Civil War: "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro-slavery legislature.

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1856 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War.

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1861 – Discovery of the chemical elements: Sir William Crookes announces his discovery of thallium.

1863 – Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece.

1867 – Alaska is purchased from Russia for $7.2 million, about 2-cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward.

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1870 – Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.

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1885 – The Battle for Kushka triggers the Panjdeh Incident which nearly gives rise to war between the Russian and British Empire.

1899 – German Society of Chemistry issues an invitation to other national scientific organizations to appoint delegates to the International Committee on Atomic Weights.

1912 – Sultan Abd al-Hafid signs the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate.

1918 – Outburst of bloody March Events in Baku and other locations of Baku Governorate.

1939 – The Heinkel He 100 fighter sets a world airspeed record of 463 mph (745 km/h).

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1940 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan declares Nanking capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Jingwei.

1944 – World War II: Allied bombers conduct their most severe bombing run on Sofia, Bulgaria.

1944 – Out of 795 Lancasters, Halifaxes and Mosquitos sent to attack Nuremberg, 95 bombers do not return, making it the largest RAF Bomber Command loss of the war.

1945 – World War II: Soviet forces invade Austria and capture Vienna; Polish and Soviet forces liberate Danzig.

1949 – Cold War: A riot breaks out in Austurvöllur square in Reykjavík, when Iceland joins NATO.

1961 – The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed in New York City.

1965 – Vietnam War: A car bomb explodes in front of the United States Embassy, Saigon, killing 22 and wounding 183 others.

1972 – Vietnam War: The Easter Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam.

1979 – Airey Neave, a British Member of Parliament, is killed by a car bomb as he exits the Palace of Westminster. The Irish National Liberation Army claims responsibility.

1981 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C., hotel by John Hinckley, Jr.; three others are wounded in the same incident.

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1982 – Space Shuttle program: STS-3 Mission is completed with the landing of Columbia at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico.

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2009 – Twelve gunmen attack the Manawan Police Academy in Lahore, Pakistan.

2017 – SpaceX conducts the world’s first reflight of an orbital class rocket.[2][3]

CaptainCrunch

03-31-2018, 04:46 PM

March 31st

307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.

1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade.

1492 – Queen Isabella of Castile issues the Alhambra Decree, ordering her 150,000 Jewish and Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.

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1561 – The city of San Cristóbal, Táchira is founded.

1717 – A sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provokes the Bangorian Controversy.

1774 – American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed pursuant to the Boston Port Act.

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1822 – The massacre of the population of the Greek island of Chios by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire following an attempted rebellion, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix.

1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Convention of Kanagawa with the Tokugawa Shogunate, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.

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1885 – The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate.

1889 – The Eiffel Tower is officially opened.

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1899 – Malolos, capital of the First Philippine Republic, is captured by American forces.

1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later the National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for college sports in the United States.

1909 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia and Herzegovina.

1913 – The Vienna Concert Society rioted during a performance of modernist music by Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Alexander von Zemlinsky, and Anton von Webern, causing a premature end to the concert due to violence; this concert became known as the Skandalkonzert.

1917 – The United States takes possession of the Danish West Indies after paying $25 million to Denmark, and renames the territory the United States Virgin Islands.

1918 – Massacre of ethnic Azerbaijanis is committed by allied armed groups of Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Bolsheviks. Nearly 12,000 Azerbaijani Muslims are killed.

1918 – Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.

1921 – The Royal Australian Air Force is formed.

1930 – The Motion Picture Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in film, in the U.S., for the next thirty-eight years.

1931 – An earthquake in Nicaragua destroys Managua; killing 2,000.

1931 – A Transcontinental & Western Air airliner crashes near Bazaar, Kansas, killing eight, including University of Notre Dame head football coach Knute Rockne.

1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission of relieving rampant unemployment in the United States.

1942 – World War II: Japanese forces invade Christmas Island, then a British possession.

1945 – World War II: A defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1, the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft, to the Americans, the first to fall into Allied hands.

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1949 – The Dominion of Newfoundland joins the Canadian Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada.

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1951 – Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau.

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1957 – Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta are held. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government.

1958 – In the Canadian federal election, the Progressive Conservatives, led by John Diefenbaker, win the largest percentage of seats in Canadian history, with 208 seats of 265.

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1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.

1964 – A coup d'état in Brazil establishes a military government, under the aegis of general Castelo Branco.

1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first space probe to enter orbit around the Moon.

1968 – American President Lyndon B. Johnson speaks to the nation of "Steps to Limit the War in Vietnam" in a television address. At the conclusion of his speech, he announces: "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President."[1]

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1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit.

1980 – The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad operates its final train after being ordered to liquidate its assets because of bankruptcy and debts owed to creditors.

1985 – The first WrestleMania, the biggest wrestling event from the WWE (then the WWF), takes place in Madison Square Garden in New York City.

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1990 – Approximately 200,000 protesters take to the streets of London to protest against the newly introduced Poll Tax.

1991 – Georgian independence referendum, 1991: Nearly 99 percent of the voters support the country's independence from the Soviet Union.

1992 – The USS Missouri, the last active United States Navy battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California.

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1995 – Selena is murdered by her fan club's president Yolanda Saldívar at a Days Inn in Corpus Christi, Texas after accusations of Saldívar embezzling money from Selena's fan club.

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1998 – Netscape releases Mozilla source code under an open source license.

2004 – Iraq War in Anbar Province: In Fallujah, Iraq, four American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed after being ambushed.

CaptainCrunch

04-01-2018, 01:20 PM

April 1st

286 – Emperor Diocletian elevates his general Maximian to co-emperor with the rank of Augustus and gives him control over the Western regions of the Roman Empire.

325 – Crown Prince Jin Chengdi, age 4, succeeds his father Jin Mingdi as emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty.

457 – Majorian is acclaimed emperor by the Roman army after defeating 900 Alemanni near Lake Maggiore (Italy).

527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.

528 – The daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei was made the "Emperor" as a male heir of the late emperor by Empress Dowager Hu. Deposed and replaced by Yuan Zhao the next day, she was the first female monarch in the History of China, but is not widely recognised.

988 – Robert II of France is married to Rozala of Italy. The marriage is arranged by his father, King Hugh Capet.

1293 – Robert Winchelsey leaves England for Rome, to be consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury.

1318 – Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by Scotland from England.

1340 – Niels Ebbesen kills Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg in his bedroom, ending the 1332-1340 interregnum in Denmark.

1545 – Potosí is founded after the discovery of huge silver deposits in the area.

1572 – In the Eighty Years' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Seventeen Provinces, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.

1625 – A combined Spanish and Portuguese fleet of 52 ships commences the recapture of Bahia from the Dutch during the Dutch–Portuguese War.

1789 – In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first Speaker.

1826 – Samuel Morey received a patent for a compressionless "Gas or Vapor Engine".

1833 – The Convention of 1833, a political gathering of settlers in Mexican Texas to help draft a series of petitions to the Mexican government, begins in San Felipe de Austin

1854 – Charles Dickens' novel Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine Household Words.

1865 – American Civil War: Union troops led by Philip Sheridan decisively defeat Confederate troops led by George Pickett, cutting the Army of Northern Virginia's last supply line.

1867 – Singapore becomes a British crown colony.

1873 – The White Star steamer RMS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, killing 547 in one of the worst marine disasters of the 19th century.

1889 – The University of Northern Colorado was established, as the Colorado State Normal School.

1891 – The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.

1893 – The rank of Chief Petty Officer in the United States Navy is established.

1908 – The Territorial Force (renamed Territorial Army in 1920) is formed as a volunteer reserve component of the British Army.

1918 – The Royal Air Force is created by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.

1924 – Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years imprisonment for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch" but spends only nine months in jail.

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1924 – The Royal Canadian Air Force is formed.

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1933 – The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in a series of anti-Semitic acts.

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1935 – India's central banking institution, The Reserve Bank of India is formed.

1937 – Aden becomes a British crown colony.

1937 – The Royal New Zealand Air Force is formed as an independent service.

1937 – Spanish Civil War: Jaén, Spain is bombed by German fascist forces, supporting Francoist Nationalists.

1939 – Spanish Civil War: Generalísimo Francisco Franco of the Spanish State announces the end of the Spanish Civil War, when the last of the Republican forces surrender.

1941 – Fântâna Albă massacre: Between 200 and 2,000 Romanian civilians are killed by Soviet Border Troops.

1941 – A military coup in Iraq overthrows the regime of 'Abd al-Ilah and installs Rashid Ali al-Gaylani as Prime Minister.

1944 – Navigation errors lead to an accidental American bombing of the Swiss city of Schaffhausen.

1945 – World War II: The Tenth United States Army attacks the Thirty-Second Japanese Army on Okinawa.

1946 – The 8.6 Mw Aleutian Islands earthquake shakes the Aleutian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). A destructive tsunami reaches the Hawaiian Islands resulting in dozens of deaths, mostly in Hilo, Hawaii.

1947 – The only mutiny in the history of the Royal New Zealand Navy begins.

1948 – Cold War: Communist forces respond to the introduction of the Deutsche Mark by attempting to force the western powers to withdraw from Berlin.

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1948 – Faroe Islands gain autonomy from Denmark.

1949 – Chinese Civil War: The Chinese Communist Party holds unsuccessful peace talks with the Nationalist Party in Beijing, after three years of fighting.

1949 – The Government of Canada repeals Japanese-Canadian internment after seven years.

1954 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.

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1955 – The EOKA rebellion against the British Empire begins in Cyprus, with the goal of unifying with Greece.

1960 – The TIROS-1 satellite transmits the first television picture from space.

1970 – President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, requiring the Surgeon General's warnings on tobacco products and banning cigarette advertising on television and radio in the United States, effective 1 January 1971.

1971 – Bangladesh Liberation War: The Pakistan Army massacre over 1,000 people in Keraniganj Upazila, Bangladesh.

1973 – Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Jim Corbett National Park, India.

1974 – The Local Government Act 1972 of England and Wales comes into effect.

1976 – Apple Inc. is formed by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in Cupertino, California, USA.

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1978 – The Philippine College of Commerce, through a presidential decree, becomes the Polytechnic University of the Philippines.

1979 – Iran becomes an Islamic republic by a 99% vote, officially overthrowing the Shah.

1986 – Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) cadres attack a number of police stations in Kathmandu, seeking to incite a popular rebellion.

1989 – Margaret Thatcher's new local government tax, the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), is introduced in Scotland.

1997 – Comet Hale–Bopp is seen passing at perihelion.

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1999 – Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved out of the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.

2001 – An EP-3E United States Navy surveillance aircraft collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army Shenyang J-8 fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, China and is detained.

2001 – Former President of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milošević surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on war crimes charges.

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2001 – Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Netherlands, the first contemporary country to allow it.

2004 – Google announces Gmail to the public.

2011 – After protests against the burning of the Quran turn violent, a mob attacks a United Nations compound in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan, resulting in the deaths of thirteen people, including eight foreign workers.

2016 – Nagorno-Karabakh clashes: The Four Day War or April War, began along the Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact on April 1.

CaptainCrunch

04-02-2018, 07:06 PM

April 2nd

1513 – Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León first sights land in what is now the United States state of Florida.

1755 – Commodore William James captures the Maratha fortress of Suvarnadurg on west coast of India.

1792 – The Coinage Act is passed establishing the United States Mint.

1800 – Ludwig van Beethoven leads the premiere of his First Symphony in Vienna.

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1801 – French Revolutionary Wars: The British capture the Danish fleet.

1851 – Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand.

1863 – American Civil War: The largest in a series of Southern bread riots occurs in Richmond, Virginia.

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1865 – American Civil War: Defeat at the Third Battle of Petersburg forces the Army of Northern Virginia and the Confederate government to abandon Richmond, Virginia.

1885 – Canadian Cree warriors attack the village of Frog Lake, killing nine.

1900 – The United States Congress passes the Foraker Act, giving Puerto Rico limited self-rule.

1902 – Dmitry Sipyagin, Minister of Interior of the Russian Empire, is assassinated in the Marie Palace, Saint Petersburg.

1902 – "Electric Theatre", the first full-time movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles.

1911 – The Australian Bureau of Statistics conducts the country's first national census.

1912 – The ill-fated RMS Titanic begins sea trials.

1917 – World War I: United States President Woodrow Wilson asks the U.S. Congress for a declaration of war on Germany.

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1921 – The Autonomous Government of Khorasan, a military government encompassing the modern state of Iran, is established.

1930 – After the mysterious death of Empress Zewditu, Haile Selassie is proclaimed emperor of Ethiopia.

1956 – As the World Turns and The Edge of Night premiere on CBS. The two soaps become the first daytime dramas to debut in the 30-minute format.

1972 – Actor Charlie Chaplin returns to the United States for the first time since being labeled a communist during the Red Scare in the early 1950s.

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1973 – Launch of the LexisNexis computerized legal research service.

1975 – Vietnam War: Thousands of civilian refugees flee from Quảng Ngãi Province in front of advancing North Vietnamese troops.

1976 – Prince Norodom Sihanouk resigns as leader of Cambodia and is placed under house arrest.[1]

1979 – A Soviet bio-warfare laboratory at Sverdlovsk accidentally releases airborne anthrax spores, killing 66 plus an unknown amount of livestock.

1980 – United States President Jimmy Carter signs the Crude Oil Windfall Profits Tax Act.

1982 – Falklands War: Argentina invades the Falkland Islands.

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1986 – Alabama governor George Wallace, a former segregationist, best known for the "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door", announces that he will not seek a fifth four-year term and will retire from public life upon the end of his term in January 1987.

1989 – Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in Havana, Cuba, to meet with Fidel Castro in an attempt to mend strained relations.

1991 – Rita Johnston becomes the first female Premier of a Canadian province when she succeeds William Vander Zalm (who had resigned) as Premier of British Columbia.

1992 – In New York, Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of murder and racketeering and is later sentenced to life in prison.

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1992 – Forty-two civilians were massacred in the town of Bijeljina.

2002 – Israeli forces surround the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem into which armed Palestinians had retreated.

2004 – Islamist terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks attempt to bomb the Spanish high-speed train AVE near Madrid; the attack is thwarted.

2006 – Over 60 tornadoes break out in the United States; Tennessee is hardest hit with 29 people killed.

2012 – A mass shooting at Oikos University in California leaves seven people dead and three injured.

2014 – A spree shooting occurs at the Fort Hood army base in Texas, with four dead, including the gunman, and 16 others injured.

2015 – Gunmen attack Garissa University College in Kenya, killing at least 148 people and wounding 79 others.

CaptainCrunch

04-03-2018, 12:24 PM

April 3rd

686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.

801 – King Louis the Pious captures Barcelona from the Moors after a siege of several months.

1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.

1077 – The first Parliament of Friuli is created.

1559 – The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis treaty is signed, ending the Italian Wars.

1834 – The generals in the Greek War of Independence stand trial for treason.

1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, begins.

1865 – American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.

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1882 – American Old West: Robert Ford kills Jesse James.

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1885 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his engine design.

1888 – The first of eleven unsolved brutal murders of women committed in or near the impoverished Whitechapel district in the East End of London, occurs.

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1895 – The trial in the libel case brought by Oscar Wilde begins, eventually resulting in his imprisonment on charges of homosexuality.

1922 – Joseph Stalin becomes the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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1933 – First flight over Mount Everest, a British expedition, led by the Marquis of Clydesdale, and funded by Lucy, Lady Houston.

1936 – Bruno Richard Hauptmann is executed for the kidnapping and death of Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., the baby son of pilot Charles Lindbergh.

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1942 – World War II: Japanese forces begin an assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula.

1946 – Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed in the Philippines for leading the Bataan Death March.

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1948 – Cold War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs the Marshall Plan, authorizing $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.

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1948 – In Jeju Province, South Korea, a civil-war-like period of violence and human rights abuses begins, known as the Jeju uprising.

1955 – The American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg's book Howl against obscenity charges.

1956 – Hudsonville–Standale tornado: The western half of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is struck by a deadly F5 tornado.

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1968 – Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech. He was assassinated the next day.

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1969 – Vietnam War: United States Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announces that the United States will start to "Vietnamize" the war effort.

1973 – Martin Cooper of Motorola makes the first handheld mobile phone call to Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs.

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1974 – The 1974 Super Outbreak occurs, the second biggest tornado outbreak in recorded history (after the 2011 Super Outbreak). The death toll is 315, with nearly 5,500 injured.

1975 – Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title of World Champion by default.

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1981 – The Osborne 1, the first successful portable computer, is unveiled at the West Coast Computer Faire in San Francisco.

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1996 – Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is captured at his Montana cabin in the United States.

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1997 – The Thalit massacre begins in Algeria; all but one of the 53 inhabitants of Thalit are killed by guerrillas.

2000 – United States v. Microsoft Corp.: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust law by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.

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2004 – Islamic terrorists involved in the 2004 Madrid train bombings are trapped by the police in their apartment and kill themselves.

2007 – Conventional-Train World Speed Record: A French TGV train on the LGV Est high speed line sets an official new world speed record.

2008 – ATA Airlines, once one of the ten largest U.S. passenger airlines and largest charter airline, files for bankruptcy for the second time in five years and ceases all operations.

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2008 – Texas law enforcement cordons off the FLDS's YFZ Ranch. Eventually 533 women and children will be taken into state custody.

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2009 – Jiverly Antares Wong opens fire at the American Civic Association immigration center in Binghamton, New York, killing thirteen and wounding four before committing suicide.

2010 – Apple Inc. released the first generation iPad, a tablet computer.

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2013 – More than 50 people die in floods resulting from record-breaking rainfall in La Plata and Buenos Aires, Argentina.

2016 – The Panama Papers, a leak of legal documents, reveals information on 214,488 offshore companies.

2017 – A bomb explodes in the St Petersburg metro system, killing 14 and injuring several more people.

CaptainCrunch

04-04-2018, 01:23 PM

April 4th

503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrated a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines.

1147 – First historical record of Moscow.

1460 – Basel University is founded.

1581 – Francis Drake is knighted for completing a circumnavigation of the world.

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1660 – Declaration of Breda by King Charles II of Great Britain.

1721 – Sir Robert Walpole becomes the first British prime minister.

1768 – In London, Philip Astley stages the first modern circus.

1796 – Georges Cuvier delivers the first paleontological lecture.

1812 – United States President James Madison enacts a ninety-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom.

1814 – Napoleon abdicates for the first time and names his son Napoleon II as Emperor of the French.

1818 – The United States Congress, affirming the Second Continental Congress, adopts the flag of the United States with 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (20 at that time).

1841 – William Henry Harrison dies of pneumonia, becoming the first President of the United States to die in office, and setting the record for the briefest administration. Vice President John Tyler succeeds Harrison as President.

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1850 – A large part of the English village of Cottenham burns to the ground in suspicious circumstances.

1850 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a city.

1859 – Bryant's Minstrels debut "Dixie" in New York City in the finale of a blackface minstrel show.

1865 – American Civil War: A day after Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln visits the Confederate capital.

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1866 – Alexander II of Russia narrowly escapes an assassination attempt by Dmitry Karakozov in the city of Saint Petersburg.

1873 – The Kennel Club is founded, the oldest and first official registry of purebred dogs in the world.

1887 – Argonia, Kansas elects Susanna M. Salter as the first female mayor in the United States.

1905 – In India, an earthquake hits the Kangra Valley, killing 20,000, and destroying most buildings in Kangra, McLeod Ganj and Dharamshala.

1913 – First Balkan War: Greek aviator Emmanouil Argyropoulos becomes the first pilot to die in the Hellenic Air Force when his plane crashes.

1925 – The Schutzstaffel (SS) is founded under Adolf Hitler's Nazi government in Germany.

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1933 – U.S. Navy airship USS Akron is wrecked off the New Jersey coast due to severe weather.

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1939 – Faisal II becomes King of Iraq.

1944 – World War II: First bombardment of oil refineries in Bucharest by Anglo-American forces kills 3000 civilians.

1945 – World War II: American troops liberate Ohrdruf forced labor camp in Germany.

1945 – World War II: American troops capture Kassel.

1945 – World War II: Soviet troops liberate Hungary from German occupation and occupy the country itself.

1949 – Cold War: Twelve nations sign the North Atlantic Treaty creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

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1958 – The CND peace symbol is displayed in public for the first time in London.

1960 – France agrees to grant independence to the Mali Federation, a union of Senegal and French Sudan.

1964 – The Beatles occupy the top five positions on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart.

1965 – The first model of the new Saab Viggen fighter aircraft is unveiled.

1967 – Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" speech in New York City's Riverside Church.

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1968 – Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray at a motel in Memphis, Tennessee.

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1968 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 6.

1968 – A.E.K. Athens B.C. becomes the first Greek team to win the European Basketball Cup.

1969 – Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart.

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1973 – The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City are officially dedicated.

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1973 – A Lockheed C-141 Starlifter, dubbed the Hanoi Taxi, makes the last flight of Operation Homecoming.

1975 – Microsoft is founded as a partnership between Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico

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1975 – Vietnam War: A United States Air Force Lockheed C-5A Galaxy transporting orphans, crashes near Saigon, South Vietnam shortly after takeoff, killing 172 people.

1979 – Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed.

1981 – Iran–Iraq War: The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force mounts an attack on H-3 Airbase and destroys about 50 Iraqi aircraft.

1983 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Challenger makes its maiden voyage into space.

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1984 – President Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons.

1988 – Governor Evan Mecham of Arizona is convicted in his impeachment trial and removed from office.

1991 – Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania and six others are killed when a helicopter collides with their airplane over an elementary school in Merion, Pennsylvania.

1991 – The current flag of Hong Kong is adopted for post-colonial Hong Kong during the Third Session of the Seventh National People's Congress.

1994 – Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark found Netscape Communications Corporation under the name Mosaic Communications Corporation.

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1996 – Comet Hyakutake is imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous.

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2002 – The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign a peace treaty ending the Angolan Civil War.

2009 – France returns to being a member of NATO.

2013 – More than 70 people are killed in a building collapse in Thane, India.

CaptainCrunch

04-05-2018, 12:23 PM

March 5th

823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.

1081 – Alexios I Komnenos is crowned Byzantine emperor at Constantinople, bringing the Komnenian dynasty to full power.

1242 – During the Battle on the Ice of Lake Peipus, Russian forces, led by Alexander Nevsky, rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights.

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Awesome movie by Sergei Eisenstein

1536 – Royal Entry of Charles V into Rome: The last Roman triumph.

1566 – Two-hundred Dutch noblemen, led by Hendrick van Brederode, force themselves into the presence of Margaret of Parma and present the Petition of Compromise, denouncing the Spanish Inquisition in the Seventeen Provinces.

1609 – Daimyo (Lord) Shimazu Tadatsune of the Satsuma Domain in southern Kyūshū, Japan, completes his successful invasion of the Ryūkyū Kingdom in Okinawa.

1614 – In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe.

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1621 – The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, Massachusetts on a return trip to England.

1710 – The Statute of Anne receives the royal assent establishing the Copyright law of the United Kingdom.

1722 – The Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen discovers Easter Island.

1792 – United States President George Washington exercises his authority to veto a bill, the first time this power is used in the United States.

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1795 – Peace of Basel between France and Prussia is made.

1818 – In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.

1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Yorktown begins.

1879 – Chile declares war on Bolivia and Peru, starting the War of the Pacific.

1898 – Founding and formation of Portsmouth Football Club

1900 – Archaeologists in Knossos, Crete, discover a large cache of clay tablets with hieroglyphic writing in a script they call Linear B.

1904 – The first international rugby league match is played between England and an Other Nationalities team (Welsh & Scottish players) in Central Park, Wigan, England.

1915 – Boxing challenger Jess Willard knocks out Jack Johnson in Havana, Cuba to become the Heavyweight Champion of the World.

1922 – The American Birth Control League, forerunner of Planned Parenthood, is incorporated.

1932 – Dominion of Newfoundland: Ten thousand rioters seize the Colonial Building leading to the end of self-government.

1933 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs two executive orders: 6101 to establish the Civilian Conservation Corps, and 6102 "forbidding the Hoarding of Gold Coin, Gold Bullion, and Gold Certificates" by U.S. citizens.

1936 – Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak: An F5 tornado kills 233 in Tupelo, Mississippi.

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1942 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy launches a carrier-based air attack on Colombo, Ceylon during the Indian Ocean raid. Port and civilian facilities are damaged and the Royal Navy cruisers HMS Cornwall and HMS Dorsetshire are sunk southwest of the island.

1943 – World War II: American bomber aircraft accidentally cause more than 900 civilian deaths, including 209 children, and 1,300 wounded among the civilian population of the Belgian town of Mortsel. Their target was the Erla factory one kilometer from the residential area hit.

1944 – World War II: Two hundred seventy inhabitants of the Greek town of Kleisoura are executed by the Germans.

1945 – Cold War: Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito signs an agreement with the Soviet Union to allow "temporary entry of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory".

1946 – Soviet troops end their year-long occupation of the Danish island of Bornholm.

1949 – A fire in a hospital in Effingham, Illinois, kills 77 people and leads to nationwide fire code improvements in the United States.

1951 – Cold War: Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are sentenced to death for spying for the Soviet Union.

1956 – Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro declares himself at war with Cuban President Fulgencio Batista.

1956 – In Sri Lanka, the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna win the general elections in a landslide and S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike is sworn in as the Prime Minister of Ceylon.

1957 – In India, Communists win the first elections in united Kerala and E. M. S. Namboodiripad is sworn in as the first Chief Minister.

1958 – Ripple Rock, an underwater threat to navigation in the Seymour Narrows in Canada is destroyed in one of the largest non-nuclear controlled explosions of the time.

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1969 – Vietnam War: Massive antiwar demonstrations occur in many U.S. cities.

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1971 – In Sri Lanka, Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna launches a revolt against the United Front government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike.

1976 – In China, the April Fifth Movement leads to the Tiananmen Incident.

1986 – Three people are killed in the bombing of the La Belle discotheque in West Berlin, Germany.

1991 – An ASA EMB 120 crashes in Brunswick, Georgia, killing all 23 aboard including Sen. John Tower and astronaut Sonny Carter.

1992 – Alberto Fujimori, president of Peru, dissolves the Peruvian congress by military force.

1992 – Peace protesters Suada Dilberovic and Olga Sučić are killed on the Vrbanja Bridge in Sarajevo, becoming the first casualties of the Bosnian War.

1998 – In Japan, the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge opens to traffic, becoming the longest bridge span in the world.

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1999 – Two Libyans suspected of bringing down Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988 are handed over for eventual trial in the Netherlands.

2009 – North Korea launches its controversial Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 rocket. The satellite passed over mainland Japan, which prompted an immediate reaction from the United Nations Security Council, as well as participating states of Six-party talks.

2010 – Twenty-nine coal miners are killed in an explosion at the Upper Big Branch Mine in West Virginia.

CaptainCrunch

04-06-2018, 02:54 PM

April 6th

46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) in the battle of Thapsus.

402 – Stilicho stymies the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia.

1199 – King Richard I of England dies from an infection following the removal of an arrow from his shoulder.

1250 – Seventh Crusade: Ayyubids of Egypt capture King Louis IX of France in the Battle of Fariskur.

1320 – The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath.

1327 – The poet Petrarch first sees his idealized love, Laura, in the church of Saint Clare in Avignon.

1385 – John, Master of the Order of Aviz, is made king John I of Portugal.

1453 – Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Istanbul), which falls on May 29.

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1580 – One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place.

1652 – At the Cape of Good Hope, Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp that eventually becomes Cape Town.

1712 – The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 begins near Broadway.

1776 – American Revolutionary War: Ships of the Continental Navy fail in their attempt to capture a Royal Navy dispatch boat.

1782 – King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (modern day Thailand) establishes the Chakri dynasty.

1793 – During the French Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety becomes the executive organ of the republic.

1808 – John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America's first millionaire.

1812 – British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz. This would be the turning point in the Peninsular War against Napoleon-led France.

1814 – Nominal beginning of the Bourbon Restoration; anniversary date that Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba.

1830 – Church of Christ, the original church of the Latter Day Saint movement, is organized by Joseph Smith and others at either Fayette or Manchester, New York.

1841 – U.S. President John Tyler is sworn in, two days after having become President upon William Henry Harrison's death.

1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, later renamed Community of Christ, is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois.

1861 – First performance of Arthur Sullivan's debut success, his suite of incidental music for The Tempest, leading to a career that included the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas.

1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Shiloh begins: In Tennessee, forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant meet Confederate troops led by General Albert Sidney Johnston.

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1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sailor's Creek: Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights and loses its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia during the Appomattox Campaign.

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1866 – The Grand Army of the Republic, an American patriotic organization composed of Union veterans of the American Civil War, is founded. It lasts until 1956.

1869 – Celluloid is patented.

1888 – Thomas Green Clemson dies, bequeathing his estate to the State of South Carolina to establish Clemson Agricultural College.

1893 – Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is dedicated by Wilford Woodruff.

1895 – Oscar Wilde is arrested in the Cadogan Hotel, London, after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.

1896 – In Athens, the opening of the first modern Olympic Games is celebrated, 1,500 years after the original games are banned by Roman emperor Theodosius I.

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1909 – Robert Peary and Matthew Henson reach the North Pole.

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1911 – During the Battle of Deçiq, Dedë Gjon Luli Dedvukaj, leader of the Malësori Albanians, raises the Albanian flag in the town of Tuzi, Montenegro, for the first time after George Kastrioti (Skanderbeg).

1917 – World War I: The United States declares war on Germany (see President Woodrow Wilson's address to Congress).

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1919 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi orders a general strike.

1926 – Varney Airlines makes its first commercial flight (Varney is the root company of United Airlines).

1929 – Huey P. Long, Governor of Louisiana, is impeached by the Louisiana House of Representatives.

1930 – At the end of the Salt March, Gandhi raises a lump of mud and salt and declares, "With this, I am shaking the foundations of the British Empire."[1]

1936 – Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak: Another tornado from the same storm system as the Tupelo tornado hits Gainesville, Georgia, killing 203.

1941 – World War II: Nazi Germany launches Operation 25 (the invasion of Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and Operation Marita (the invasion of Greece).

1945 – World War II: Sarajevo is liberated from German and Croatian forces by the Yugoslav Partisans.

1945 – World War II: The Battle of Slater's Knoll on Bougainville comes to an end.

1947 – The first Tony Awards are presented for theatrical achievement.

1957 – Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis buys the Hellenic National Airlines (TAE) and founds Olympic Airlines.

1965 – Launch of Early Bird, the first commercial communications satellite to be placed in geosynchronous orbit.

1968 – In Richmond, Indiana's downtown district, a double explosion kills 41 and injures 150.

1968 – Pierre Elliott Trudeau wins the Liberal Leadership Election, and becomes Prime Minister of Canada soon after.

1970 – Newhall massacre: Four California Highway Patrol officers are killed in a shootout.

1972 – Vietnam War: Easter Offensive: American forces begin sustained air strikes and naval bombardments.

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1973 – Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft.

1973 – The American League of Major League Baseball begins using the designated hitter.

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1974 – The Swedish pop band ABBA wins the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Waterloo", launching their international career.

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1979 – Student protests break out in Nepal.

1984 – Members of Cameroon's Republican Guard unsuccessfully attempt to overthrow the government headed by Paul Biya.

1992 – The Bosnian War begins.

1994 – The Rwandan genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down.

1998 – Nuclear weapons testing: Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of reaching India.

1998 – Travelers Group announces an agreement to undertake the $76 billion merger between Travelers and Citicorp, and the merger is completed on October 8, of that year, forming Citibank.

2004 – Rolandas Paksas becomes the first president of Lithuania to be peacefully removed from office by impeachment.

2005 – Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani becomes Iraqi president; #####e Arab Ibrahim al-Jaafari is named premier the next day.

2008 – The 2008 Egyptian general strike starts led by Egyptian workers later to be adopted by April 6 Youth Movement and Egyptian activists.

2009 – A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes near L'Aquila, Italy, killing 307.

2010 – Maoist rebels kill 76 CRPF officers in Dantewada district, India.

2011 – In San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico, over 193 victims of Los Zetas were exhumed from several mass graves.

2012 – Azawad declares itself independent from the Republic of Mali.

CaptainCrunch

04-07-2018, 12:50 PM

April 7th

451 – Attila the Hun sacks the town of Metz and attacks other cities in Gaul.

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529 – First draft of the Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I.

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611 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul sacks rival city-state Palenque in southern Mexico.

1141 – Empress Matilda became the first female ruler of England, adopting the title 'Lady of the English'.

1348 – Charles University is founded in Prague.

1521 – Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Cebu.

1541 – Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies.

1724 – Premiere performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's St John Passion BWV 245 at St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig.

1767 – End of Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67).

1776 – Captain John Barry and the USS Lexington captures the Edward.

1788 – American pioneers to the Northwest Territory establish Marietta, Ohio as the first permanent American settlement in the Northwest Territory.

1789 – Selim III became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
1798 – The Mississippi Territory is organized from disputed territory claimed by both the United States and Spain. It is expanded in 1804 and again in 1812.

1805 – Lewis and Clark Expedition: The Corps of Discovery breaks camp among the Mandan tribe and resumes its journey West along the Missouri River.

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1805 – German composer Ludwig van Beethoven premiered his Third Symphony, at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna.

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1827 – John Walker, an English chemist, sells the first friction match that he had invented the previous year.

1829 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, commences translation of the Book of Mormon, with Oliver Cowdery as his scribe.

1831 – Emperor Pedro I of Brazil resigns. He goes to his native Portugal to become King Pedro IV.

1862 – American Civil War: The Union's Army of the Tennessee and the Army of the Ohio defeat the Confederate Army of Mississippi near Shiloh, Tennessee.

1868 – Thomas D'Arcy McGee, one of the Canadian Fathers of Confederation, is assassinated by a Fenian activist.

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1890 – Completion of the first Lake Biwa Canal.

1906 – Mount Vesuvius erupts and devastates Naples.

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1906 – The Algeciras Conference gives France and Spain control over Morocco.

1908 – H. H. Asquith of the Liberal Party takes office as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, succeeding Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman.

1922 – The United States Secretary of the Interior leases federal petroleum reserves to private oil companies on excessively generous terms.

1927 – The first long-distance public television broadcast (from Washington, D.C., to New York City, displaying the image of Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover).

1933 – Prohibition in the United States is repealed for beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol by weight, eight months before the ratification of the XXI amendment. (Now celebrated as National Beer Day in the United States)

1939 – World War II: Italy invades Albania.

1940 – Booker T. Washington becomes the first African American to be depicted on a United States postage stamp.

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1943 – The Holocaust in Ukraine: In Terebovlia, Germans order 1,100 Jews to undress and march through the city to the nearby village of Plebanivka, where they are shot and buried in ditches.

1943 – Ioannis Rallis becomes collaborationist Prime Minister of Greece during the Axis Occupation.

1945 – World War II: The Yamato, one of the two largest battleships ever constructed, is sunk by American aircraft during Operation Ten-Go.

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1945 – World War II: Visoko is liberated by the 7th, 9th, and 17th Krajina brigades from the Tenth division of Yugoslav Partisan forces.

1946 – Syria's independence from France is officially recognised.

1948 – The World Health Organization is established by the United Nations.

1949 – The Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific opened on Broadway; it would run for 1,925 performances and win ten Tony Awards.

1954 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower gives his "domino theory" speech during a news conference.

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1955 – Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom amid indications of failing health.

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1964 – IBM announces the System/360.

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1964 – A bulldozer kills Rev. Bruce W. Klunder, a civil rights activist, during a school segregation protest in Cleveland, Ohio, sparking a riot.

1968 – Motor racing world champion Jim Clark is killed in an accident during a Formula Two race at Hockenheim.

1969 – The Internet's symbolic birth date: Publication of RFC 1.

1971 – President Richard Nixon announces his decision to quicken the pace of Vietnamization.

1976 – Member of Parliament and suspected spy John Stonehouse resigns from the Labour Party (UK) after being arrested for faking his own death.

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1977 – German Federal prosecutor Siegfried Buback and his driver are shot by two Red Army Faction members while waiting at a red light.

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1978 – Development of the neutron bomb is canceled by President Jimmy Carter.

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1980 – During the Iran hostage crisis, the United States severs relations with Iran.

1983 – During STS-6, astronauts Story Musgrave and Don Peterson perform the first Space Shuttle spacewalk.

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1989 – Soviet submarine Komsomolets sinks in the Barents Sea off the coast of Norway killing 42 sailors.

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1990 – Iran–Contra affair: John Poindexter is found guilty of five charges for his part in the scandal (the conviction is later reversed on appeal).

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1990 – A fire breaks out on the passenger ferry Scandinavian Star, killing 159 people.

1994 – Rwandan genocide: Massacres of Tutsis begin in Kigali, Rwanda.

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1994 – Auburn Calloway attempts to destroy Federal Express Flight 705 in order to allow his family to benefit from his life insurance policy.

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1995 – First Chechen War: Russian paramilitary troops begin a massacre of civilians in Samashki, Chechnya.

1999 – The World Trade Organization rules in favor of the United States in its long-running trade dispute with the European Union over bananas.

2001 – Mars Odyssey is launched.

2003 – U.S. troops capture Baghdad; Saddam Hussein's regime falls two days later.

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2009 – Former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori is sentenced to 25 years in prison for ordering killings and kidnappings by security forces.

2009 – Mass protests begin across Moldova under the belief that results from the parliamentary election are fraudulent.

2017 – The 2017 Stockholm attack kills five and injures fifteen others.

CaptainCrunch

04-08-2018, 10:48 AM

April 8th

217 – Roman Emperor Caracalla is assassinated. He is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.

632 – King Charibert II is assassinated at Blaye (Gironde), along with his infant son Chilperic.

876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.

1093 – The new Winchester Cathedral is dedicated by Walkelin.

1139 – Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated.

1149 – Pope Eugene III takes refuge in the castle of Ptolemy II of Tusculum.

1232 – Mongol–Jin War: The Mongols begin their siege on Kaifeng, the capital of the Jin dynasty.

1271 – In Syria, sultan Baibars conquers the Krak des Chevaliers.

1665 – English colonial patents are granted for the establishment of the Monmouth Tract, for what would eventually become Monmouth County in northeastern New Jersey.

1730 – Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated.

1740 – War of Jenkins' Ear: Three British ships capture the Spanish third-rate Princesa, taken into service as HMS Princess.

1808 – The Roman Catholic Diocese of Baltimore is promoted to an archdiocese, with the founding of the dioceses of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown (now Louisville) by Pope Pius VII.

1820 – The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos.

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1832 – Black Hawk War: Around three-hundred United States 6th Infantry troops leave St. Louis, Missouri to fight the Sauk Native Americans.

1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Mansfield: Union forces are thwarted by the Confederate army at Mansfield, Louisiana.

1866 – Italy and Prussia ally against the Austrian Empire.

1886 – William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.

1895 – In Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. the Supreme Court of the United States declares unapportioned income tax to be unconstitutional.

1904 – The French Third Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland sign the Entente cordiale.

1904 – British mystic Aleister Crowley transcribes the first chapter of The Book of the Law.

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1904 – Longacre Square in Midtown Manhattan is renamed Times Square after The New York Times.

1906 – Auguste Deter, the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, dies.

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1908 – Harvard University votes to establish the Harvard Business School.

1911 – Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers superconductivity.

1913 – The 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution, requiring direct election of Senators, becomes law.

1916 – In Corona, California, race car driver Bob Burman crashes, killing three (including himself), and badly injuring five spectators.

1918 – World War I: Actors Douglas Fairbanks and Charlie Chaplin sell war bonds on the streets of New York City's financial district.

1924 – Sharia courts are abolished in Turkey, as part of Atatürk's Reforms.

1929 – Indian independence movement: At the Delhi Central Assembly, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt throw handouts and bombs to court arrest.

1935 – The Works Progress Administration is formed when the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 becomes law.

1942 – World War II: Siege of Leningrad: Soviet forces open a much-needed railway link to Leningrad.

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1942 – World War II: The Japanese take Bataan in the Philippines.

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1943 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in an attempt to check inflation, freezes wages and prices, prohibits workers from changing jobs unless the war effort would be aided thereby, and bars rate increases by common carriers and public utilities.

1943 –Otto and Elise Hampel are executed in Berlin for their anti-Nazi activities

1945 – World War II: After an air raid accidentally destroys a train carrying about 4,000 Nazi concentration camp internees in Prussian Hanover, the survivors are massacred by Nazis.

1946 – Électricité de France, the world's largest utility company, is formed as a result of the nationalisation of a number of electricity producers, transporters and distributors.

1950 – India and Pakistan sign the Liaquat–Nehru Pact.

1952 – U.S. President Harry Truman calls for the seizure of all domestic steel mills in an attempt to prevent the 1952 steel strike.

1953 – Mau Mau leader Jomo Kenyatta is convicted by British Kenya's rulers.

1954 – A Royal Canadian Air Force Canadair Harvard collides with a Trans-Canada Airlines Canadair North Star over Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, killing 37 people.

1954 – South African Airways Flight 201 A de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1 crashes into the sea during night killing 21 people.

1959 – A team of computer manufacturers, users, and university people led by Grace Hopper meets to discuss the creation of a new programming language that would be called COBOL.

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1959 – The Organization of American States drafts an agreement to create the Inter-American Development Bank.

1960 – The Netherlands and West Germany sign an agreement to negotiate the return of German land annexed by the Dutch in return for 280 million German marks as Wiedergutmachung.

1961 – A large explosion on board the MV Dara in the Persian Gulf kills 238.

1964 – The Gemini 1 test flight is conducted.

1968 – BOAC Flight 712 catches fire shortly after take off. As a result of her actions in the accident, Barbara Jane Harrison is awarded a posthumous George Cross, the only GC awarded to a woman in peacetime.

1970 – Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing: Israeli bombers strike an Egyptian school. Forty-six children are killed.

1974 – At Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, Hank Aaron hits his 715th career home run to surpass Babe Ruth's 39-year-old record.

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1975 – Frank Robinson manages the Cleveland Indians in his first game as major league baseball's first African American manager.

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1987 – Los Angeles Dodgers executive Al Campanis resigns amid controversy over racially charged remarks he had made while on Nightline.

1992 – Retired tennis great Arthur Ashe announces that he has AIDS, acquired from blood transfusions during one of his two heart surgeries.

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1993 – The Republic of Macedonia joins the United Nations.

1999 – Haryana Gana Parishad, a political party in the Indian state of Haryana, merges with the Indian National Congress.

2004 – War in Darfur: The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement is signed by the Sudanese government and two rebel groups.

2006 – Shedden massacre: The bodies of eight men, all shot to death, are found in a field in Shedden, Elgin County, Ontario. The murders are soon linked to the Bandidos Motorcycle Club.

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2008 – The construction of the world's first building to integrate wind turbines is completed in Bahrain.

2013 – The Islamic State of Iraq enters the Syrian Civil War and begins by declaring a merger with the Al-Nusra Front under the name Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham.

CaptainCrunch

04-09-2018, 01:19 PM

April 9th

190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground.

475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position.

537 – Siege of Rome: The Byzantine general Belisarius receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of Hunnic or Slavic origin and expert bowmen. He starts, despite shortages, raids against the Gothic camps and Vitiges is forced into a stalemate.

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1241 – Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies.

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1288 – Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Yuan forces are defeated by Trần forces in the Battle of Bach Dang in present-day northern Vietnam.

1388 – Despite being outnumbered 16 to 1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Näfels.

1413 – Henry V is crowned King of England.

1440 – Christopher of Bavaria is appointed King of Denmark.

1454 – The Treaty of Lodi is signed, establishing a balance of power among northern Italian city-states for almost 50 years.

1511 – St John's College, Cambridge, England, founded by Lady Margaret Beaufort, receives its charter.

1585 – The expedition organised by Sir Walter Raleigh departs England for Roanoke Island (now in North Carolina) to establish the Roanoke Colony.

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1609 – Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.

1609 – Philip III of Spain issues the decree of the "Expulsion of the Moriscos".

1682 – Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana.

1782 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of the Saintes begins.

1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.

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1865 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the war.

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1909 – The U.S. Congress passes the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act.

1914 – Mexican Revolution: One of the world's first naval/air skirmishes takes place off the coast of western Mexico.

1916 – World War I: The Battle of Verdun: German forces launch their third offensive of the battle.

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1917 – World War I: The Battle of Arras: The battle begins with Canadian Corps executing a massive assault on Vimy Ridge.

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1918 – World War I: The Battle of the Lys: The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps is crushed by the German forces during what is called the Spring Offensive on the Belgian region of Flanders.

1918 – The National Council of Bessarabia proclaims union with the Kingdom of Romania.

1937 – The Kamikaze arrives at Croydon Airport in London. It is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.

1939 – Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial, after being denied the right to sing at the Daughters of the American Revolution's Constitution Hall.

1940 – World War II: Operation Weserübung: Germany invades Denmark and Norway.

1940 – Vidkun Quisling seizes power in Norway.

1942 – World War II: The Battle of Bataan ends. An Indian Ocean raid by Japan's 1st Air Fleet sinks the British aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and the Australian destroyer HMAS Vampire.

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1945 – Execution of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, anti-Nazi dissident and spy, by the Nazi regime.

1945 – World War II: The German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer is sunk by the Royal Air Force

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1945 – World War II: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends.

1945 – The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed.

1947 – The Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes kill 181 and injure 970 in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.

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1947 – The Journey of Reconciliation, the first interracial Freedom Ride begins through the upper South in violation of Jim Crow laws. The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel.

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1947 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 22 relating to Corfu Channel incident is adopted.

1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotá (the Bogotazo), and a further ten years of violence in Colombia.

1948 – Fighters from the Irgun and Lehi Zionist paramilitary groups attacked Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, killing over 100.

1952 – Hugo Ballivián's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalization of tin mines

1957 – The Suez Canal in Egypt is cleared and opens to shipping.

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1959 – Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".

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1960 – Dr Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa and architect of apartheid, narrowly survives an assassination attempt by a white farmer, David Pratt in Johannesburg.

1961 – The Pacific Electric Railway in Los Angeles, once the largest electric railway in the world, ends operations.

1965 – Astrodome opens. First indoor baseball game is played.

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1967 – The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight.

1969 – The first British-built Concorde 002 makes its maiden flight from Filton to RAF Fairford.

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1975 – The first game of the Philippine Basketball Association, the second oldest professional basketball league in the world.

1976 – The EMD F40PH diesel locomotive enters revenue service with Amtrak.

1980 – The Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein kills philosopher Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister Bint al-Huda after three days of torture.

1981 – The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington accidentally collides with the Nissho Maru, a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it.

1989 – Tbilisi massacre: an anti-Soviet peaceful demonstration and hunger strike in Tbilisi, demanding restoration of Georgian independence, is dispersed by the Soviet Army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries.

1991 – Georgia declares independence from the Soviet Union

1992 – A U.S. Federal Court finds former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty of drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison.

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1999 – Kosovo War: The Battle of Košare begins.

2003 – Iraq War: Baghdad falls to American forces.

2005 – Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall.

2009 – In Tbilisi, Georgia, up to 60,000 people protest against the government of Mikheil Saakashvili.

2013 – A 6.1–magnitude earthquake strikes Iran killing 32 people and injuring over 850 people.

2013 – At least 13 people are killed and another three injured after a man goes on a spree shooting in the Serbian village of Velika Ivanča.

2014 – A student stabs 20 people at Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville, Pennsylvania.

2017 – Palm Sunday church bombings at Coptic Churches in Tanta and Alexandria take place.

CaptainCrunch

04-10-2018, 01:12 PM

April 10th

428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople.

837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).

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1407 – Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama visits the Ming dynasty capital at Nanjing. He is awarded the title "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma".

1500 – Ludovico Sforza is captured by Swiss troops at Novara and is handed over to the French.

1606 – The Virginia Company of London is established by royal charter by James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America.

1710 – The Statute of Anne, the first law regulating copyright, comes into force in Great Britain.

1741 – War of the Austrian Succession: Prussia gains control of Silesia at the Battle of Mollwitz.

809 – Napoleonic Wars: The War of the Fifth Coalition begins when forces of the Austrian Empire invade Bavaria.

1815 – The Mount Tambora volcano begins a three-month-long eruption, lasting until July 15. The eruption ultimately kills 71,000 people and affects Earth's climate for the next two years.

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1816 – The Federal government of the United States approves the creation of the Second Bank of the United States.

1821 – Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople is hanged by the Ottoman government from the main gate of the Patriarchate and his body is thrown into the Bosphorus.

1826 – The 10,500 inhabitants of the Greek town of Missolonghi begin leaving the town after a year's siege by Turkish forces. Very few of them survive.

1858 – After the original Big Ben, a 14.5 tonnes (32,000 lb) bell for the Palace of Westminster, had cracked during testing, it is recast into the current 13.76 tonnes (30,300 lb) bell by Whitechapel Bell Foundry.

1864 – Archduke Maximilian of Habsburg is proclaimed emperor of Mexico during the French intervention in Mexico.

1865 – American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General Robert E. Lee addresses his troops for the last time.

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1866 – The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is founded in New York City by Henry Bergh.

1868 – At Arogee in Abyssinia, British and Indian forces defeat an army of Emperor Tewodros II. While 700 Ethiopians are killed and many more injured, only two British/Indian troops die.

1872 – The first Arbor Day is celebrated in Nebraska.

1887 – On Easter Sunday, Pope Leo XIII authorizes the establishment of the Catholic University of America.

1912 – RMS Titanic sets sail from Southampton, England on her maiden and only voyage.

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1916 – The Professional Golfers' Association of America (PGA) is created in New York City.

1919 – Mexican Revolution leader Emiliano Zapata is ambushed and shot dead by government forces in Morelos.

1925 – The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is first published in New York City, by Charles Scribner's Sons.

1941 – World War II: The Axis powers establish the Independent State of Croatia.

1944 – Rudolf Vrba and Alfréd Wetzler escape from Birkenau death camp.

1957 – The Suez Canal is reopened for all shipping after being closed for three months.

1963 – One hundred twenty-nine American sailors die when the submarine USS Thresher sinks at sea.

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1968 – The TEV Wahine, a New Zealand ferry sinks in Wellington harbour due to a fierce storm- the strongest winds ever in Wellington. Out of the 734 people on board, fifty-three died.

1970 – Paul McCartney announces that he is leaving The Beatles for personal and professional reasons.

1971 – Ping-pong diplomacy: In an attempt to thaw relations with the United States, China hosts the U.S. table tennis team for a week-long visit.

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1972 – Tombs containing bamboo slips, among them Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Bin's lost military treatise, are accidentally discovered by construction workers in Shandong.

1972 – Vietnam War: For the first time since November 1967, American B-52 bombers reportedly begin bombing North Vietnam.

1973 – Invicta International Airlines Flight 435 crashes in a snowstorm on approach to Basel, Switzerland killing 108 people.

1979 – Red River Valley tornado outbreak: A tornado lands in Wichita Falls, Texas killing 42 people.

1988 – The Ojhri Camp explosion kills or injures more than 1,000 people in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.

1991 – Italian ferry MS Moby Prince collides with an oil tanker in dense fog off Livorno, Italy killing 140.

1991 – A rare tropical storm develops in the South Atlantic Ocean near Angola; the first to be documented by satellites.

1998 – The Good Friday Agreement is signed in Northern Ireland.

2009 – President of Fiji Ratu Josefa Iloilo announces the abrogation of the constitution and assumes all governance in the country, creating a constitutional crisis.

2010 – Polish Air Force Tu-154M crashes near Smolensk, Russia, killing 96 people, including Polish President Lech Kaczyński, his wife, and dozens of other senior officials and dignitaries.

2016 – The Paravur temple accident in which a devastating fire caused by the explosion of firecrackers stored for Vishu, kills more than one hundred people out of the thousands gathered for seventh day of Bhadrakali worship.

2016 – An earthquake, of 6.6 magnitude, strikes 39 km west-southwest of Ashkasham, shakes up India, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Srinagar and Pakistan.

CaptainCrunch

04-11-2018, 12:29 PM

April 11th

491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.

1079 – Bishop Stanislaus of Kraków is executed by order of Bolesław II of Poland.

1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.

1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: French forces led by Gaston de Foix win the Battle of Ravenna.

1544 – Italian War of 1542–46: A French army defeats Habsburg forces at the Battle of Ceresole, but fails to exploit its victory.

1689 – William III and Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Great Britain.

1713 – War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War): Treaty of Utrecht.

1727 – Premiere of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion BWV 244b at the St. Thomas Church, Leipzig

1809 – An incomplete British victory over the French fleet at the Battle of the Basque Roads results in the court-martial of James, Lord Gambier.

1814 – The Treaty of Fontainebleau ends the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon Bonaparte, and forces him to abdicate unconditionally for the first time.

1856 – Second Battle of Rivas: Juan Santamaría burns down the hostel where William Walker's filibusters are holed up.

1868 – Former shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrenders Edo Castle to Imperial forces, marking the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.

1876 – The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks is organized.

1881 – Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.

1908 – SMS Blücher, the last armored cruiser to be built by the Imperial German Navy, launches.

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1909 – The city of Tel Aviv is founded.

1921 – Emir Abdullah establishes the first centralised government in the newly created British protectorate of Transjordan.

1945 – World War II: American forces liberate the Buchenwald concentration camp.

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1951 – Korean War: President Harry Truman relieves General of the Army Douglas MacArthur of overall command in Korea.

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1951 – The Stone of Scone, the stone upon which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned, is found on the site of the altar of Arbroath Abbey. It had been taken by Scottish nationalist students from its place in Westminster Abbey.

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1955 – The Air India Kashmir Princess is bombed and crashes in a failed assassination attempt on Zhou Enlai by the Kuomintang.

1957 – United Kingdom agrees to Singaporean self-rule.

1961 – The trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.

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1963 – Pope John XXIII issues Pacem in terris, the first encyclical addressed to all Christians instead of only Catholics.

1965 – The Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965: Fifty-one tornadoes hit in six Midwestern states, killing 256 people.

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1968 – President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

1968 – Assassination attempt on Rudi Dutschke, leader of the German student movement.

1970 – Apollo 13 is launched.

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1976 – The Apple I is created.

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1977 – London Transport's Silver Jubilee AEC Routemaster buses are launched.

1979 – Ugandan dictator Idi Amin is deposed.

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1981 – A massive riot in Brixton, south London results in almost 300 police injuries and 65 serious civilian injuries.

1986 – FBI Miami Shootout: A gun battle in broad daylight in Dade County, Florida between two bank/armored car robbers and pursuing FBI agents. During the firefight, FBI agents Jerry L. Dove and Benjamin P. Grogan were killed, while five other agents were wounded. As a result, the popular .40 S&W cartridge was developed.

1987 – The London Agreement is secretly signed between Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister Shimon Peres and King Hussein of Jordan.

1990 – Customs officers in Middlesbrough, England, seize what they believe to be the barrel of a massive gun on a ship bound for Iraq.

1993 – Four hundred fifty prisoners rioted at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, and continued to do so for ten days, citing grievances related to prison conditions, as well as the forced vaccination of Nation of Islam prisoners (for tuberculosis) against their religious beliefs.

2001 – The detained crew of a United States EP-3E aircraft that landed in Hainan, China after a collision with a J-8 fighter, is released.

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2002 – The Ghriba synagogue bombing by al-Qaeda kills 21 in Tunisia.

2002 – Over two hundred thousand people march in Caracas towards the Presidential palace to demand the resignation of president Hugo Chávez. Nineteen protesters are killed.

2006 – Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announces Iran's claim to have successfully enriched uranium.

2007 – Algiers bombings: Two bombings in Algiers kill 33 people and wound a further 222 others.

2011 – An explosion in the Minsk Metro, Belarus kills 15 people and injures 204 others.

2012 – A pair of great earthquakes occur in the Wharton Basin west of Sumatra in Indonesia. The maximum Mercalli intensity of this strike-slip doublet earthquake was VII (Very strong). Ten were killed, twelve were injured, and a non-destructive tsunami was observed on the island of Nias.

2018 – An Ilyushin Il-76 military aircraft crashes near Boufarik, Algeria, killing 257.

CaptainCrunch

04-12-2018, 01:34 PM

April 12th

238 – Gordian II loses the Battle of Carthage against the Numidian forces loyal to Maximinus Thrax and is killed. Gordian I, his father, commits suicide.

240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I.

467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to Christianity by Paulinus, bishop of York.

1167 – King Karl Sverkersson of Sweden is murdered on Visingsö.

1204 – The Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade breach the walls of Constantinople and enter the city, which they completely occupy the following day.

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1606 – The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of English and Scottish ships.

1776 – American Revolution: With the Halifax Resolves, the North Carolina Provincial Congress authorizes its Congressional delegation to vote for independence from Britain.

1807 – The Froberg mutiny ends when the remaining mutineers blow up the magazine of Fort Ricasoli.

1820 – Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.

1831 – Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester, England cause it to collapse.

1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sumter. The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.

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1862 – American Civil War: The Andrews Raid (the Great Locomotive Chase) occurs, starting from Big Shanty, Georgia (now Kennesaw).

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1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Fort Pillow: Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.

1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.

1877 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.

1910 – SMS Zrínyi, one of the last pre-dreadnought battleships built by the Austro-Hungarian Navy, is launched.

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1917 – World War I: Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans.

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1927 – Shanghai massacre of 1927: Chiang Kai-shek orders the Communist Party of China members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front.

1927 – Rocksprings, Texas was hit by an F5 tornado that destroyed 235 of the 247 buildings in the town and killed 72 townspeople and injured 205; third deadliest tornado in Texas history.

1928 – The Bremen, a German Junkers W 33 type aircraft, takes off for the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.

1934 – The strongest surface wind gust in the world at the time of 231 mph, is measured on the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire. It has since been surpassed.

1934 – The U.S. Auto-Lite strike begins, culminating in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers.

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1937 – Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.

1945 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies in office; Vice President Harry S. Truman becomes President upon Roosevelt's death.

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1945 – World War II: The U.S. Ninth Army under General William H. Simpson crosses the Elbe River astride Magdeburg, and reached Tangermünde—only 50 miles from Berlin.

1955 – The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.

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1961 – Cold War: Space Race: The Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first manned orbital flight, Vostok 1.

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1963 – The Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-33 collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S Finnclipper in the Danish straits.

1970 – Soviet submarine K-8, carrying four nuclear torpedoes, sinks in the Bay of Biscay four days after a fire on board.

1980 – Samuel Doe takes control of Liberia in a coup d'état, ending over 130 years of minority Americo-Liberian rule over the country.

1981 – The first launch of a Space Shuttle (Columbia) takes place: The STS-1 mission.

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1990 – Jim Gary's "Twentieth Century Dinosaurs" exhibition opens at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He is the only sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition there.

1992 – The Euro Disney Resort officially opens with its theme park Euro Disneyland; the resort and its park's name are subsequently changed to Disneyland Paris.

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1999 – United States President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in a civil lawsuit; he is later fined and disbarred.

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2002 – A suicide bomber blows herself up at the entrance to Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda Market, killing seven people and wounding 104.

2007 – A suicide bomber penetrates the Green Zone and detonates in a cafeteria within a parliament building, killing Iraqi MP Mohammed Awad and wounding more than twenty other people.

2009 – Zimbabwe officially abandons the Zimbabwean dollar as its official currency.

2013 – Two suicide bombers kill three Chadian soldiers and injure dozens of civilians at a market in Kidal, Mali.

2014 – The Great Fire of Valparaíso ravages the Chilean city of Valparaíso, killing 16, displacing nearly 10,000, and destroying over 2,000 homes.

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2017 – Zuma Must Fall protests resume in South Africa, with Julius Malema addressing large crowds in Pretoria.[1]

CaptainCrunch

04-13-2018, 03:40 PM

April 13th

945 – Hugh of Provence abdicates the throne in favor of his son Lothair II who is acclaimed sole king of Italy.

1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.

1612 – Miyamoto Musashi defeats Sasaki Kojirō at Funajima island.

1613 – Samuel Argall captures Native American princess Pocahontas in Passapatanzy, Virginia to ransom her for some English prisoners held by her father; she is brought to Henricus as hostage.

1742 – George Frideric Handel's oratorio Messiah makes its world-premiere in Dublin, Ireland.

1777 – American Revolutionary War: American forces are ambushed and defeated in the Battle of Bound Brook, New Jersey.

1829 – The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 gives Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom the right to vote and to sit in Parliament.

1849 – Lajos Kossuth presents the Hungarian Declaration of Independence in a closed session of the National Assembly.

1861 – American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces.

1865 – American Civil War: Raleigh, North Carolina is occupied by Union Forces.

1870 – The New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art is founded.

1873 – The Colfax massacre, in which more than 60 African Americans are murdered, takes place.

1909 – The military of the Ottoman Empire reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.

1919 – The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea is established.

1919 – Jallianwala Bagh massacre: British troops gun down at least 379 unarmed demonstrators in Amritsar, India; at least 1200 are wounded.

1919 – Eugene V. Debs is imprisoned at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia, for speaking out against the draft during World War I.

1941 – A Pact of neutrality between the USSR and Japan is signed.

1943 – World War II: The discovery of mass graves of Polish prisoners of war killed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre is announced, causing a diplomatic rift between the Polish government-in-exile in London from the Soviet Union, which denies responsibility.

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1943 – The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C., on the 200th anniversary of President Thomas Jefferson's birth.

1944 – Diplomatic relations between New Zealand and the Soviet Union are established.

1945 – World War II: German troops kill more than 1,000 political and military prisoners in Gardelegen, Germany.

1945 – World War II: Soviet and Bulgarian forces capture Vienna.

1948 – In an ambush, 78 Jewish doctors, nurses and medical students from Hadassah Hospital, and a British soldier, are massacred by Arabs in Sheikh Jarrah. This event came to be known as the Hadassah medical convoy massacre.

1953 – CIA director Allen Dulles launches the mind-control program Project MKUltra.

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1958 – American pianist Van Cliburn is awarded first prize at the inaugural International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.

1960 – The United States launches Transit 1-B, the world's first satellite navigation system.

1964 – At the Academy Awards, Sidney Poitier becomes the first African-American male to win the Best Actor award for the 1963 film Lilies of the Field.

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1970 – An oxygen tank aboard the Apollo 13 Service Module explodes, putting the crew in great danger and causing major damage to the Apollo Command/Service Module (codenamed "Odyssey") while en route to the Moon.

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1972 – The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative, effectively expelling the Republic of China administering Taiwan.

1972 – Vietnam War: The Battle of An Lộc begins.

1974 – Western Union (in cooperation with NASA and Hughes Aircraft) launches the United States' first commercial geosynchronous communications satellite, Westar 1.

1975 – An attack by the Phalangist resistance kills 26 militia members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, marking the start of the 15-year Lebanese Civil War.

1976 – The United States Treasury Department reintroduces the two-dollar bill as a Federal Reserve Note on Thomas Jefferson's 233rd birthday as part of the United States Bicentennial celebration.

1976 – Forty workers die in an explosion at the Lapua ammunition factory, the deadliest accidental disaster in modern history in Finland.

1987 – Portugal and China sign an agreement in which Macau would be returned to China in 1999.

1992 – Basements throughout the Chicago Loop are flooded, forcing the Chicago Board of Trade Building and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to close.

1997 – Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the Masters Tournament.

2017 – The US drops the largest ever non-nuclear weapon on Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan.

CaptainCrunch

04-14-2018, 05:33 PM

April 14th

43 BC – Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Caesar's assassin Decimus Brutus in Mutina, defeats the forces of the consul Pansa, but is then immediately defeated by the army of the other consul, Aulus Hirtius.

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AD 69 – Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Emperor Otho in the Battle of Bedriacum and seizes the throne.

AD 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, surrounds the Jewish capital with four Roman legions.

193 – Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans).

966 – After his marriage to the Christian Doubravka of Bohemia, the pagan ruler of the Polans, Mieszko I, converts to Christianity, an event considered to be the founding of the Polish state.

972 – Co-Emperor Otto II, a son of Otto I (the Great), marries the Byzantine princess Theophanu. She is crowned empress by Pope John XIII at Rome.

1028 – Henry III, son of Conrad, is elected King of Germany.

1205 – Battle of Adrianople between Bulgarians and Crusaders.

1294 – Temür, grandson of Kublai, is elected Khagan of the Mongols and Emperor of the Yuan dynasty with the reigning titles Oljeitu and Chengzong.

1341 – Sack of Saluzzo (Italy) by Italian-Angevine troops under Manfred V, Marquess of Saluzzo.

1434 – The foundation stone of Nantes Cathedral, France is laid.

1471 – In England, the Yorkists under Edward IV defeat the Lancastrians under the Earl of Warwick at the Battle of Barnet; the Earl is killed and Edward IV resumes the throne.

1561 – A celestial phenomenon is reported over Nuremberg, described as an aerial battle.

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1639 – Imperial forces are defeated by the Swedes at the Battle of Chemnitz. The Swedish victory prolongs the Thirty Years' War and allows them to advance into Bohemia.

1699 – Khalsa: The Sikh religion was formalised as the Khalsa - the brotherhood of Warrior-Saints - by Guru Gobind Singh in northern India, in accordance with the Nanakshahi calendar.

1775 – The first abolition society in North America is established. The Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage is organized in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush.

1816 – Bussa, a slave in British-ruled Barbados, leads a slave rebellion and is killed. For this, he is remembered as the first national hero of Barbados.

1828 – Noah Webster copyrights the first edition of his dictionary.

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1849 – Hungary declares itself independent of Austria with Lajos Kossuth as its leader.

1865 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is shot in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth; Lincoln died the next day.

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1865 – U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward and his family are attacked at home by Lewis Powell.

1881 – The Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight is fought in El Paso, Texas.

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1890 – The Pan-American Union is founded by the First International Conference of American States in Washington, D.C.

1894 – The first ever commercial motion picture house opened in New York City using ten Kinetoscopes, a device for peep-show viewing of films.

1900 – The Exposition Universelle begins.

1902 – James Cash Penney opens his first store in Kemmerer, Wyoming.[1]

1906 – The Azusa Street Revival opens and will launch Pentecostalism as a worldwide movement.

1908 – Hauser Dam, a steel dam on the Missouri River in Montana, U.S., fails, sending a surge of water 25 to 30 feet (7.6 to 9.1 m) high downstream.

1909 – A massacre is organized by the Ottoman Empire against the Armenian population of Cilicia.

1912 – The British passenger liner RMS Titanic hits an iceberg in the North Atlantic at 23:40 (sinks morning of April 15th).

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1927 – The first Volvo car premieres in Gothenburg, Sweden.

1928 – The Bremen, a German Junkers W 33 type aircraft, reaches Greenly Island, Canada - the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.

1931 – The Spanish Cortes deposes King Alfonso XIII and proclaims the Second Spanish Republic.

1935 – The Black Sunday dust storm, considered one of the worst storms of the Dust Bowl, swept across the Oklahoma and Texas panhandles and neighboring areas.

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1939 – The Grapes of Wrath, by American author John Steinbeck is first published by the Viking Press.

1940 – World War II: Royal Marines land in Namsos, Norway in preparation for a larger force to arrive two days later.

1941 – World War II: German general Erwin Rommel attacks Tobruk.

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1942 – Malta receives the George Cross for its gallantry. The George Cross was given by King George VI himself and is now an emblem on the Maltese national flag.

1944 – Bombay explosion: A massive explosion in Bombay harbor kills 300 and causes economic damage valued then at 20 million pounds.

1945 – Razing of Friesoythe: The 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division deliberately destroyed the German town of Friesoythe on the orders of Major General Christopher Vokes.

1958 – The Soviet satellite Sputnik 2 falls from orbit after a mission duration of 162 days. This was the first spacecraft to carry a living animal, a female dog named Laika, who likely lived only a few hours.

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1967 – Gnassingbé Eyadéma overthrows President of Togo Nicolas Grunitzky and installs himself as the new president, a title he would hold for the next 38 years.

1978 – Tbilisi Demonstrations: Thousands of Georgians demonstrate against Soviet attempts to change the constitutional status of the Georgian language.

1981 – STS-1: The first operational Space Shuttle, Columbia completes its first test flight.

1986 – The heaviest hailstones ever recorded (1 kilogram (2.2 lb)) fall on the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh, killing 92.

1988 – The USS Samuel B. Roberts strikes a mine in the Persian Gulf during Operation Earnest Will.

1988 – In a United Nations ceremony in Geneva, Switzerland, the Soviet Union signs an agreement pledging to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan.

1991 – The Republic of Georgia introduces the post of President after its declaration of independence from the Soviet Union.

1994 – In a U.S. friendly fire incident during Operation Provide Comfort in northern Iraq, two United States Air Force aircraft mistakenly shoot-down two United States Army helicopters, killing 26 people.

1999 – NATO mistakenly bombs a convoy of ethnic Albanian refugees. Yugoslav officials say 75 people were killed.

1999 – A severe hailstorm strikes Sydney, Australia causing A$2.3 billion in insured damages, the most costly natural disaster in Australian history.

2002 – Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez returns to office two days after being ousted and arrested by the country's military.

2003 – The Human Genome Project is completed with 99% of the human genome sequenced to an accuracy of 99.99%.

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2003 – U.S. troops in Baghdad capture Abu Abbas, leader of the Palestinian group that killed an American on the hijacked cruise liner the MS Achille Lauro in 1985.

2005 – The Oregon Supreme Court nullifies marriage licenses issued to same-sex couples a year earlier by Multnomah County.

2010 – Nearly 2,700 are killed in a magnitude 6.9 earthquake in the Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

2012 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 2042 relating to Syrian uprising is adopted.

2014 – Twin bomb blasts in Abuja, Nigeria, kill at least 75 people and injures 141 others.

2014 – Two hundred seventy-six schoolgirls are abducted by Boko Haram in Chibok, Nigeria.

2016 – In Japan, the foreshock of Kumamoto earthquakes occurs.

CaptainCrunch

04-15-2018, 12:57 PM

April 15th

769 – The Lateran Council condemned the Council of Hieria and anathematized its iconoclastic rulings.

1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscard.

1395 – Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde at the Battle of the Terek River. The Golden Horde capital city, Sarai, is razed to the ground and Timur installs a puppet ruler on the throne.

1450 – Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English forces, ending English domination in Northern France.

1632 – Battle of Rain: Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.

1642 – Irish Confederate Wars: A Confederate Irish militia is routed in the Battle of Kilrush when it attempts to halt the progress of a Royalist Army.

1715 – The Pocotaligo Massacre triggers the start of the Yamasee War in colonial South Carolina.

1736 – Foundation of the Kingdom of Corsica

1738 – Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel receives its premiere performance in London, England.

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1755 – Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language is published in London.

1783 – Preliminary articles of peace ending the American Revolutionary War (or American War of Independence) are ratified.

1817 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc founded the American School for the Deaf, the first American school for deaf students, in Hartford, Connecticut.

1861 – President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 Volunteers to quell the insurrection that soon became the American Civil War.

1865 – President Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth. Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes President upon Lincoln's death.

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1892 – The General Electric Company is formed.

1896 – Closing ceremony of the Games of the I Olympiad in Athens, Greece.

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1900 – Philippine–American War: Filipino guerrillas launch a surprise attack on U.S. infantry and begin a four-day siege of Catubig, Philippines.

1907 – Triangle Fraternity is founded at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

1912 – The British passenger liner RMS Titanic sinks in the North Atlantic at 2:20 a.m., two hours and forty minutes after hitting an iceberg. Only 710 of 2,227 passengers and crew on board survive.

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1920 – Two security guards are murdered during a robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. Anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti would be convicted of and executed for the crime, amid much controversy.

1922 – U.S. Senator John B. Kendrick of Wyoming introduces a resolution calling for an investigation of a secret land deal, which leads to the discovery of the Teapot Dome scandal.

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1923 – Insulin becomes generally available for use by people with diabetes.

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1924 – Rand McNally publishes its first road atlas.

1936 – First day of the Arab revolt in Mandatory Palestine.

1941 – In the Belfast Blitz, two-hundred bombers of the German Luftwaffe attack Belfast, killing around one thousand people.

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1942 – The George Cross is awarded "to the island fortress of Malta: Its people and defenders" by King George VI.

1945 – Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is liberated.

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1947 – Jackie Robinson debuts for the Brooklyn Dodgers, breaking baseball's color line.

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1955 – McDonald's restaurant dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois

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1960 – At Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina, Ella Baker leads a conference that results in the creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, one of the principal organizations of the civil rights movement in the 1960s.

1969 – The EC-121 shootdown incident: North Korea shoots down a United States Navy aircraft over the Sea of Japan, killing all 31 on board.

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1970 – During the Cambodian Civil War, massacres of the Vietnamese minority results in 800 bodies flowing down the Mekong river into South Vietnam.

1986 – The United States launches Operation El Dorado Canyon, its bombing raids against Libyan targets in response to a bombing in West Germany that killed two U.S. servicemen.

1989 – Hillsborough disaster: A human crush occurs at Hillsborough Stadium, home of Sheffield Wednesday, in the FA Cup Semi-final, resulting in the deaths of 96 Liverpool fans.

1989 – Upon Hu Yaobang's death, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 begin in China.

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2013 – Two bombs explode near the finish line at the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts, killing three people and injuring 264 others.

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2014 – In the worst massacre of the South Sudanese Civil War, at least 200 civilians were gunned down after seeking refuge in houses of worship as well as hospitals.

CaptainCrunch

04-16-2018, 12:41 PM

April 16th

1457 BC – Likely date of the Battle of Megiddo between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Kadesh, the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.

AD 73 – Masada, a Jewish fortress, falls to the Romans after several months of siege, ending the Great Jewish Revolt.

1346 – Dušan the Mighty is proclaimed Emperor, with the Serbian Empire occupying much of the Balkans.

1520 – The Revolt of the Comuneros begins in Spain against the rule of Charles V.

1582 – Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma founds the settlement of Salta, Argentina.

1746 – The Battle of Culloden is fought between the French-supported Jacobites and the British Hanoverian forces commanded by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, in Scotland. After the battle many highland traditions were banned and the Highlands of Scotland were cleared of inhabitants.
1780 – The University of Münster in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany is founded.

1799 – French Revolutionary Wars: The Battle of Mount Tabor: Napoleon drives Ottoman Turks across the River Jordan near Acre.

1818 – The United States Senate ratifies the Rush–Bagot Treaty, establishing the border with Canada.

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1847 – The accidental shooting of a Māori by an English sailor results in the opening of the Wanganui Campaign of the New Zealand land wars.

1853 – The first passenger rail opens in India, from Bori Bunder, Bombay to Thane.
1858 – The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.

1862 – American Civil War: Battle at Lee's Mills in Virginia.

1862 – American Civil War: The District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act, a bill ending slavery in the District of Columbia, becomes law.

1863 – American Civil War: During the Vicksburg Campaign, gunboats commanded by Acting Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter run downriver past Confederate artillery batteries at Vicksburg.[1]

1881 – In Dodge City, Kansas, Bat Masterson fights his last gun battle.

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1908 – Natural Bridges National Monument is established in Utah.

1910 – The oldest existing indoor ice hockey arena still used for the sport in the 21st century, Boston Arena, opens for the first time.

1912 – Harriet Quimby becomes the first woman to fly an airplane across the English Channel.

1917 – Vladimir Lenin returns to Petrograd, Russia, from exile in Switzerland.

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1919 – Mohandas Gandhi organizes a day of "prayer and fasting" in response to the killing of Indian protesters in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre by the British colonial troops three days earlier.

1919 – Polish–Soviet War: The Polish army launches the Vilna offensive to capture Vilnius in modern Lithuania.

1922 – The Treaty of Rapallo, pursuant to which Germany and the Soviet Union re-establish diplomatic relations, is signed.

1925 – During the Communist St Nedelya Church assault in Sofia, Bulgaria, 150 are killed and 500 are wounded.

1941 – World War II: The Italian-German Tarigo convoy is attacked and destroyed by British ships.

1941 – World War II: The Nazi-affiliated Ustaše is put in charge of the Independent State of Croatia by the Axis powers after Operation 25 is effected.

1943 – Albert Hofmann accidentally discovers the hallucinogenic effects of the research drug LSD. He intentionally takes the drug three days later on April 19.

1944 – World War II: Allied forces start bombing Belgrade, killing about 1,100 people. This bombing fell on the Orthodox Christian Easter.

1945 – World War II: The Red Army begins the final assault on German forces around Berlin, with nearly one million troops fighting in the Battle of the Seelow Heights.

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1945 – The United States Army liberates Nazi Sonderlager (high security) prisoner-of-war camp Oflag IV-C (better known as Colditz).

1945 – More than 7,000 die when the German refugee ship Goya is sunk by a Soviet submarine.

1947 – Texas City disaster: An explosion on board a freighter in port causes the city of Texas City, Texas, to catch fire, killing almost 600.

1947 – Bernard Baruch first applies the term "Cold War" to describe the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union.

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1961 – In a nationally broadcast speech, Cuban leader Fidel Castro declares that he is a Marxist–Leninist and that Cuba is going to adopt Communism.

1963 – Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. pens his Letter from Birmingham Jail while incarcerated in Birmingham, Alabama for protesting against segregation.

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1972 – Apollo program: The launch of Apollo 16 from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

1990 – "Doctor Death", Jack Kevorkian, participates in his first assisted suicide.

1992 – The Katina P runs aground off of Maputo, Mozambique and 60,000 tons of crude oil spill into the ocean.

2001 – India and Bangladesh begin a five-day border conflict, but are unable to resolve the disputes about their border.

2003 – The Treaty of Accession is signed in Athens admitting ten new member states to the European Union.

2007 – Virginia Tech shooting: Seung-Hui Cho guns down 32 people and injures 17 before committing suicide.

2012 – The trial for Anders Behring Breivik, the perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks, begins in Oslo, Norway.

2012 – The Pulitzer Prize winners were announced, it was the first time since 1977 that no book won the Fiction Prize.

2013 – A 7.8-magnitude earthquake strikes Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran, killing at least 35 people and injuring 117 others.

2013 – The 2013 Baga massacre is started when Boko Haram militants engage government soldiers in Baga.

2014 – The South Korean ferry MV Sewol capsizes and sinks near Jindo Island, killing 304 passengers and crew and leading to widespread criticism of the South Korean government, media, and shipping authorities.

CaptainCrunch

04-17-2018, 11:45 AM

April 17th

1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.

1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan II.

1362 – Kaunas Castle falls to the Teutonic Order after a month-long siege.

1397 – Geoffrey Chaucer tells The Canterbury Tales for the first time at the court of Richard II. Chaucer scholars have also identified this date (in 1387) as the start of the book's pilgrimage to Canterbury.

1492 – Spain and Christopher Columbus sign the Capitulations of Santa Fe for his voyage to Asia to acquire spices.

1521 – Trial of Martin Luther over his teachings begins during the assembly of the Diet of Worms. Initially intimidated, he asks for time to reflect before answering and is given a stay of one day.

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1524 – Giovanni da Verrazzano reaches New York harbor.

1797 – Sir Ralph Abercromby attacks San Juan, Puerto Rico, in what would be one of the largest invasions of the Spanish territories in the Americas.

1797 – Citizens of Verona begin an unsuccessful eight-day rebellion against the French occupying forces.

1861 – The state of Virginia's secession convention votes to secede from the United States, becoming the 8th state to join the Confederate States of America.

1863 – American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins: Troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.

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1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Plymouth begins: Confederate forces attack Plymouth, North Carolina.

1895 – The Treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan is signed. This marks the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea and to concede the southern portion of the Fengtien province, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands to Japan.

1905 – The Supreme Court of the United States decides Lochner v. New York, which holds that the "right to free contract" is implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

1907 – The Ellis Island immigration center processes 11,747 people, more than on any other day.

1912 – Russian troops open fire on striking goldfield workers in northeast Siberia, killing at least 150.

1941 – World War II: The Kingdom of Yugoslavia surrenders to Germany.

1942 – French prisoner of war General Henri Giraud escapes from his castle prison in Königstein Fortress.

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1944 – Forces of the Communist-controlled Greek People's Liberation Army attack the smaller National and Social Liberation resistance group, which surrenders. Its leader Dimitrios Psarros is murdered.

1945 – World War II: Montese, Italy, is liberated from Nazi forces.

1946 – The last French troops are withdrawn from Syria.

1949 – At midnight 26 Irish counties officially leave the British Commonwealth. A 21-gun salute on O'Connell Bridge, Dublin, ushers in the Republic of Ireland.

1951 – The Peak District becomes the United Kingdom's first National Park.

1961 – Bay of Pigs Invasion: A group of Cuban exiles financed and trained by the CIA lands at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba with the aim of ousting Fidel Castro.

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1969 – Sirhan Sirhan is convicted of assassinating Robert F. Kennedy.

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1969 – Communist Party of Czechoslovakia chairman Alexander Dubček is deposed.

1970 – Apollo program: The ill-fated Apollo 13 spacecraft returns to Earth safely.

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1971 – The People's Republic of Bangladesh is formed.

1975 – The Cambodian Civil War ends. The Khmer Rouge captures the capital Phnom Penh and Cambodian government forces surrender.

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1978 – Mir Akbar Khyber is assassinated, provoking a communist coup d'état in Afghanistan.

1982 – Patriation of the Canadian constitution in Ottawa by Proclamation of Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada.

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2006 – A Palestinian suicide bomber detonates an explosive device in a Tel Aviv restaurant, killing 11 people and injuring 70.

2013 – An explosion at a fertilizer plant in the city of West, Texas, kills 15 people and injures 160 others.

2014 – NASA's Kepler space observatory confirms the discovery of the first Earth-size planet in the habitable zone of another star.

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CaptainCrunch

04-18-2018, 01:11 PM

April 18th

796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The patrician Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27
days.

1025 – Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.

1506 – The cornerstone of the current St. Peter's Basilica is laid.

1518 – Bona Sforza is crowned as queen consort of Poland.

1521 – Trial of Martin Luther begins its second day during the assembly of the Diet of Worms. He refuses to recant his teachings despite the risk of excommunication.

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1689 – Bostonians rise up in rebellion against Sir Edmund Andros.

1738 – Real Academia de la Historia ("Royal Academy of History") is founded in Madrid.

1775 – American Revolution: The British advancement by sea begins; Paul Revere and other riders warn the countryside of the troop movements.

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1831 – The University of Alabama is founded in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

1847 – American victory at the battle of Cerro Gordo opens the way for invasion of Mexico.

1857 – "The Spirits Book" by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.

1864 – Battle of Dybbøl: A Prussian-Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig. Denmark surrenders the province in the following peace settlement.

1897 – The Greco-Turkish War is declared between Greece and the Ottoman Empire.

1899 – The St. Andrew's Ambulance Association is granted a royal charter by Queen Victoria.

1902 – The 7.5 Mw Guatemala earthquake shakes Guatemala with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing between 800–2,000.

1906 – An earthquake and fire destroy much of San Francisco, California.

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1909 – Joan of Arc is beatified in Rome.

1912 – The Cunard liner RMS Carpathia brings 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic to New York City.

1915 – French pilot Roland Garros is shot down and glides to a landing on the German side of the lines during World War I.

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1923 – Yankee Stadium: "The House that Ruth Built" opens.

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1925 – The International Amateur Radio Union is formed in Paris.[1]

1930 – The British Broadcasting Corporation announced that "there is no news" in their evening report.

1942 – World War II: The Doolittle Raid on Japan: Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe and Nagoya are bombed.

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1942 – Pierre Laval becomes Prime Minister of Vichy France.

1943 – World War II: Operation Vengeance, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto is killed when his aircraft is shot down by U.S. fighters over Bougainville Island.

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1945 – Over 1,000 bombers attack the small island of Heligoland, Germany.

1946 – The International Court of Justice holds its inaugural meeting in The Hague, Netherlands.

1949 – The Republic of Ireland Act comes into effect.

1949 – The keel for the aircraft carrier USS United States is laid down at Newport News Drydock and Shipbuilding. However, construction is canceled five days later, resulting in the Revolt of the Admirals.

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1954 – Gamal Abdel Nasser seizes power in Egypt.

1955 – Twenty-nine nations meet at Bandung, Indonesia, for the first Asian-African Conference.

1980 – The Republic of Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) comes into being, with Canaan Banana as the country's first President. The Zimbabwean dollar replaces the Rhodesian dollar as the official currency.

1983 – A suicide bomber in Lebanon destroys the United States embassy in Beirut, killing 63 people.

1988 – The United States launches Operation Praying Mantis against Iranian naval forces in the largest naval battle since World War II.

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1992 – General Abdul Rashid Dostum revolts against President Mohammad Najibullah of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and allies with Ahmad Shah Massoud to capture Kabul.

1996 – In Lebanon, at least 106 civilians are killed when the Israel Defense Forces shell the United Nations compound at Quana where more than 800 civilians had taken refuge.

1997 – The Red River flood begins and soon overwhelms the city of Grand Forks, North Dakota. Fire breaks out and spreads in downtown Grand Forks, but high water levels hamper efforts to reach the fire, leading to the destruction of 11 buildings.[2]

2007 – A series of bombings, two of them being suicides, occur in Baghdad, killing 198 and injuring 251.

2013 – A suicide bombing in a Baghdad cafe kills 27 people and injures another 65.

CaptainCrunch

04-19-2018, 04:58 PM

April 19th

AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.

531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria).

797 – Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI. He is deposed and blinded. Shortly after, Constantine dies of his wounds; Irene proclaims herself basileus.

1012 – Martyrdom of Ælfheah in Greenwich, England.

1506 – The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are being slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics.

1529 – Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms.

1539 – Treaty of Frankfurt signed.

1608 – In Ireland: O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry.

1677 – The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.

1713 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa (not actually born until 1717).

1770 – Captain James Cook, still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.

1770 – Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI of France in a proxy wedding.

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1775 – American Revolutionary War: The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord.

1782 – John Adams secures the Dutch Republic's recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague, Netherlands becomes the first American embassy.

1809 – An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.

1810 – Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.

1818 – French physicist Augustin Fresnel signs his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction" (deposited on the following day). The document ends with what we now call the Fresnel integrals.

1839 – The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.

1861 – American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.

1903 – The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world.

1927 – Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.

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1942 – World War II: In Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp.

1943 – World War II: In Poland, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins, after German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up the remaining Jews.

1943 – Albert Hofmann deliberately doses himself with LSD for the first time, three days after having discovered its effects on April 16.

1956 – Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco.

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1960 – Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against president Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.

1971 – Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president.

1971 – Launch of Salyut 1, the first space station.

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1971 – Charles Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment) for conspiracy in the Tate–LaBianca murders.

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1973 – The Portuguese Socialist Party is founded in the German town of Bad Münstereifel.

1975 – India's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar, Russia.

1984 – Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold as the national colours.

1985 – Two hundred ATF and FBI agents lay siege to the compound of the white supremacist survivalist group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord in Arkansas; the CSA surrenders two days later.

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1987 – The Simpsons first appear as a series of shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show, first starting with Good Night.

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1989 – A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.

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1993 – The 51-day FBI siege of the Branch Davidian building in Waco, Texas, USA, ends when a fire breaks out. Seventy-six Davidians, including 18 children under the age of 10, died in the fire.

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1995 – Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, USA, is bombed, killing 168 people including 19 children under the age of six.

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1999 – The German Bundestag returns to Berlin.

2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected to the papacy and becomes Pope Benedict XVI.

2011 – Fidel Castro resigns as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba after holding the title since July 1961.

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2013 – Boston Marathon bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev is killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar is later captured hiding in a boat inside a backyard in the suburb of Watertown.

CaptainCrunch

04-20-2018, 01:14 PM

April 20th

1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.

1453 – Three Genoese galleys and a Byzantine blockade runner fight their way through an Ottoman blockading fleet a few weeks before the fall of Constantinople.

1534 – Jacques Cartier begins his first voyage to what is today the east coast of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador.

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1535 – The sun dog phenomenon observed over Stockholm and depicted in the famous painting Vädersolstavlan.

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1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament.

1657 – Admiral Robert Blake destroys a Spanish silver fleet under heavy fire at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

1657 – Freedom of religion is granted to the Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York City).

1689 – Deposed monarch James II of England lays siege to Derry.

1752 – Start of Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War, a new phase in the Burmese Civil War (1740–57).

1770 – The Georgian king, Erekle II, abandoned by his Russian ally Count Totleben, wins a victory over Ottoman forces at Aspindza.

1775 – American Revolutionary War: The Siege of Boston begins, following the battles at Lexington and Concord.

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1789 – George Washington arrives at Grays Ferry, Philadelphia while en route to Manhattan for his inauguration.

1792 – France declares war against the "King of Hungary and Bohemia", the beginning of French Revolutionary Wars.

1800 – The Septinsular Republic is established.

1809 – Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.

1810 – The Governor of Caracas, Venezuela declares independence from Spain.

1818 – The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.

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1828 – René Caillié becomes the second non-Muslim to enter (and the first to return from) Timbuktu, following Major Gordon Laing.

1836 – U.S. Congress passes an act creating the Wisconsin Territory.

1861 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia.

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1862 – Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard complete the experiment falsifying the theory of spontaneous generation.

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1865 – Astronomer Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk, which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX's yacht, the L'Immaculata Concezion.

1876 – The April Uprising begins. Its suppression shocks European opinion, and Bulgarian independence becomes a condition for ending the Russo-Turkish War.

1884 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum genus.

1898 – U.S. President William McKinley signed a joint resolution to Congress for declaration of War against Spain, beginning the Spanish–American War.

1902 – Pierre and Marie Curie refine radium chloride.

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1908 – Opening day of competition in the New South Wales Rugby League.

1912 – Opening day for baseball's Tiger Stadium in Detroit, and Fenway Park in Boston.

1914 – Nineteen men, women, and children die in the Ludlow Massacre during a Colorado coal-miner's strike.

1916 – The Chicago Cubs play their first game at Weeghman Park (currently Wrigley Field), defeating the Cincinnati Reds 7–6 in 11 innings.

1918 – Manfred von Richthofen, a.k.a. The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims, his final victories before his death the following day.

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1922 – The Soviet government creates South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within Georgian SSR.

1945 – World War II: U.S. troops capture Leipzig, Germany, only to later cede the city to the Soviet Union.

1945 – World War II: Führerbunker: Adolf Hitler makes his last trip to the surface to award Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth.

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1945 – Twenty Jewish children used in medical experiments at Neuengamme are killed in the basement of the Bullenhuser Damm school.

1946 – The League of Nations officially dissolves, giving most of its power to the United Nations.

1961 – Cold War: Failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of US-backed Cuban exiles against Cuba.

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1968 – English politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial Rivers of Blood speech.

1972 – Apollo program: Apollo 16, commanded by John Young, lands on the moon.

1999 – Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 13 people and injured 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado.

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2007 – Johnson Space Center shooting: William Phillips with a handgun barricades himself in NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas before killing a male hostage and himself.

2008 – Danica Patrick wins the Indy Japan 300 becoming the first female driver in history to win an Indy car race.

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2010 – The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explodes in the Gulf of Mexico, killing eleven workers and beginning an oil spill that would last six months.

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2012 – One hundred twenty-seven people are killed when a plane crashes in a residential area near the Benazir Bhutto International Airport near Islamabad, Pakistan.

2013 – A 6.6-magnitude earthquake strikes Lushan County, Ya'an, in China's Sichuan province, killing more than 150 people and injuring thousands.

2015 – Ten people are killed in a bomb attack on a convoy carrying food supplies to a United Nations compound in Garowe in the Somali region of Puntland.

CaptainCrunch

04-21-2018, 09:59 AM

April 21st

753 BC – Romulus founds Rome (traditional date).

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43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered shortly after.

900 – The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (the earliest known written document found in what is now the Philippines): the Commander-in-Chief of the Kingdom of Tondo, as represented by the Honourable Jayadewa, Lord Minister of Pailah, pardons from all debt the Honourable Namwaran and his relations.

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1092 – The Diocese of Pisa is elevated to the rank of metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Urban II

1506 – The three-day Lisbon Massacre comes to an end with the slaughter of over 1,900 suspected Jews by Portuguese Catholics.

1509 – Henry VIII ascends the throne of England on the death of his father, Henry VII.

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1526 – The last ruler of the Lodi dynasty, Ibrahim Lodi is defeated and killed by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat.

1615 – The Wignacourt Aqueduct is inaugurated in Malta.

1782 – The city of Rattanakosin, now known internationally as Bangkok, is founded on the eastern bank of the Chao Phraya River by King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke.

1792 – Tiradentes, a revolutionary leading a movement for Brazil's independence, is hanged, drawn and quartered.

1802 – Twelve thousand Wahhabis under Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, invaded city of Karbala, killed over three thousand inhabitants, and sacked the city.

1806 – Action of 21 April 1806: A French frigate escapes British forces off the coast of South Africa.

1809 – Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the Battle of Eckmühl.

1821 – Benderli Ali Pasha arrives in Constantinople as the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire; he remains in power for only nine days before being sent into exile.

1836 – Texas Revolution: The Battle of San Jacinto: Republic of Texas forces under Sam Houston defeat troops under Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.

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1856 – Australian labour movement: Stonemasons and building workers on building sites around Melbourne march from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House to achieve an eight-hour day.

1894 – Norway formally adopts the Krag–Jørgensen bolt-action rifle as the main arm of its armed forces, a weapon that would remain in service for almost 50 years.

1898 – Spanish–American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports. When the U.S. Congress issued a declaration of war on April 25, it declared that a state of war had existed from this date.

1914 – Ypiranga incident: A German arms shipment to Mexico is intercepted by the U.S. Navy near Veracruz.

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1918 – World War I: German fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen, better known as "The Red Baron", is shot down and killed over Vaux-sur-Somme in France.

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1926 – Al-Baqi cemetery, former site of the mausoleum of four Shi'a Imams, is leveled to the ground by Wahhabis.

1934 – The "Surgeon's Photograph", the most famous photo allegedly showing the Loch Ness Monster, is published in the Daily Mail (in 1999, it is revealed to be a hoax).

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1945 – World War II: Soviet forces south of Berlin at Zossen attack the German High Command headquarters.

1948 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 47 relating to Kashmir conflict is adopted.

1952 – Secretary's Day (now Administrative Professionals' Day) is first celebrated.

1960 – Brasília, Brazil's capital, is officially inaugurated. At 09:30, the Three Powers of the Republic are simultaneously transferred from the old capital, Rio de Janeiro.

1962 – The Seattle World's Fair (Century 21 Exposition) opens. It is the first World's Fair in the United States since World War II.

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1963 – The first election of the Universal House of Justice is held, marking its establishment as the supreme governing institution of the Bahá'í Faith.

1964 – A Transit-5bn satellite fails to reach orbit after launch; as it re-enters the atmosphere, 2.1 pounds (0.95 kg) of radioactive plutonium in its SNAP RTG power source is widely dispersed.

1965 – The 1964–1965 New York World's Fair opens for its second and final season.

1966 – Rastafari movement: Haile Selassie of Ethiopia visits Jamaica, an event now celebrated as Grounation Day.

1967 – Greek military junta of 1967–74: A few days before the general election in Greece, Colonel George Papadopoulos leads a coup d'état, establishing a military regime that lasts for seven years.

1975 – Vietnam War: President of South Vietnam Nguyễn Văn Thiệu flees Saigon, as Xuân Lộc, the last South Vietnamese outpost blocking a direct North Vietnamese assault on Saigon, falls.

1977 – Annie opens on Broadway.

1982 – Baseball: Rollie Fingers of the Milwaukee Brewers becomes the first pitcher to record 300 saves.

1985 – The compound of the militant group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord surrenders to federal authorities in Arkansas after a two-day government siege.

1987 – The Tamil Tigers are blamed for a car bomb that detonates in the Sri Lankan capital city of Colombo, killing 106 people.

1989 – Tiananmen Square protests of 1989: In Beijing, around 100,000 students gather in Tiananmen Square to commemorate Chinese reform leader Hu Yaobang.

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1993 – The Supreme Court in La Paz, Bolivia, sentences former dictator Luis García Meza to 30 years in jail without parole for murder, theft, fraud and violating the constitution.

2004 – Five suicide car bombers target police stations in and around Basra, killing 74 people and wounding 160.

2010 – The controversial Kharkiv Pact (Russian Ukrainian Naval Base for Gas Treaty) is signed in Kharkiv, Ukraine, by Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev; it was unilaterally terminated by Russia on March 31, 2014.

2012 – Two trains are involved in a head-on collision near Sloterdijk, Amsterdam, in the Netherlands, injuring 116 people.

2012 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 2043 relating to Syrian uprising is adopted.

2014 – The American city of Flint, Michigan switches its water source to the Flint River, beginning the ongoing Flint water crisis which has caused lead poisoning in up to 12,000 people, and 15 deaths from Legionnaires disease, ultimately leading to criminal indictments against 15 people, five of whom have been charged with involuntary manslaughter.

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CaptainCrunch

04-22-2018, 04:07 PM

April 22nd

238 – Year of the Six Emperors: The Roman Senate outlaws emperor Maximinus Thrax for his bloodthirsty proscriptions in Rome and nominates two of its members, Pupienus and Balbinus, to the throne.

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1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.

1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.

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1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Moluccas.

1622 – The Capture of Ormuz by the East India Company ends Portuguese control of Hormuz Island.

1809 – The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: The Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon and driven over the Danube in Regensburg.

1836 – Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto, forces under Texas General Sam Houston identify Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna among the captives of the battle when one of his fellow captives mistakenly gives away his identity.

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1864 – The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 that mandates that the inscription In God We Trust be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.

1876 – The first game in the history of the National League was played at the Jefferson Street Grounds in Philadelphia. This game is often pointed to as the beginning of the MLB.

1889 – At noon, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Rush of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed with populations of at least 10,000.

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1898 – Spanish–American War: The USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship.

1906 – The 1906 Intercalated Games, not now recognized as part of the official Olympic Games, open in Athens.

1915 – The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres.

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1930 – The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.

1944 – The 1st Air Commando Group using Sikorsky R-4 helicopters stage the first use of helicopters in combat with combat search and rescue operations in the China Burma India Theater.

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1944 – World War II: Operation Persecution is initiated: Allied forces land in the Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) area of New Guinea.

1945 – World War II: Prisoners at the Jasenovac concentration camp revolt. Five hundred twenty are killed and around eighty escape.

1945 – World War II: Führerbunker: After learning that Soviet forces have taken Eberswalde without a fight, Adolf Hitler admits defeat in his underground bunker and states that suicide is his only recourse.

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1948 – Arab–Israeli War: Haifa, a major port of Israel, is captured from Arab forces.

1951 – Korean War: The Chinese People's Volunteer Army begin assaulting positions defended by the Royal Australian Regiment and the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry at the Battle of Kapyong.

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1954 – Red Scare: Witnesses begin testifying and live television coverage of the Army–McCarthy hearings begins.

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1969 – British yachtsman Sir Robin Knox-Johnston wins the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race and completes the first solo non-stop circumnavigation of the world.

1970 – The first Earth Day is celebrated.

1972 – Vietnam War: Increased American bombing in Vietnam prompts anti-war protests in Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco.

1977 – Optical fiber is first used to carry live telephone traffic.

1983 – The German magazine Stern claims the "Hitler Diaries" had been found in wreckage in East Germany; the diaries are subsequently revealed to be forgeries.

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1992 – In a series of explosions in Guadalajara, Mexico, 206 people are killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 left homeless.

1993 – Eighteen-year-old Stephen Lawrence is murdered in a racially motivated attack while waiting for a bus in Well Hall, Eltham.

1997 – Haouch Khemisti massacre in Algeria where 93 villagers are killed.

2000 – In a pre-dawn raid, federal agents seize six-year-old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami.

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2004 – Two fuel trains collide in Ryongchon, North Korea, killing up to 150 people.

2005 – Japan's Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi apologizes for Japan's war record.

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2008 – The United States Air Force retires the remaining F-117 Nighthawk aircraft in service.

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2013 – The Royal Canadian Mounted Police arrest and charge two men with plotting to disrupt a Toronto area train service in a plot claimed to be backed by Al-Qaeda elements.

2014 – More than 60 people are killed and 80 are seriously injured in a train crash in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Katanga Province.

2016 – The Paris Agreement is signed, an agreement to help fight global warming.

CaptainCrunch

04-23-2018, 01:02 PM

April 23rd

215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.

599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southern Mexico, defeating queen Yohl Ik'nal and sacking the city.

711 – Dagobert III succeeds his father King Childebert III as King of the Franks.

1014 – Battle of Clontarf: High King of Ireland Brian Boru defeats Viking invaders, but is killed in battle.

1016 – Edmund Ironside succeeds his father Æthelred the Unready as King of England.

1343 – St. George's Night Uprising commences in the Duchy of Estonia.

1348 – The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III is announced on St. George's Day.

1516 – The Bayerische Reinheitsgebot (regarding the ingredients of beer) is signed in Ingolstadt.

1521 – Battle of Villalar: King Charles I of Spain defeats the Comuneros.

1635 – The first public school in the United States, Boston Latin School, is founded in Boston.

1655 – The Siege of Santo Domingo begins during the Anglo-Spanish War, and fails seven days later.

1660 – Treaty of Oliva is established between Sweden and Poland.

1661 – King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey.

1815 – The Second Serbian Uprising: A second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, erupts shortly after the annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire.

1879 – Fire burns down the second main building and dome of the University of Notre Dame, which prompts the construction of the third, and current, Main Building with its golden dome.

1914 – First baseball game at Wrigley Field, then known as Weeghman Park, in Chicago.

1918 – World War I: The British Royal Navy makes a raid in an attempt to neutralise the Belgian port of Bruges-Zeebrugge.

1920 – The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) is founded in Ankara. The assembly denounces the government of Sultan Mehmed VI and announces the preparation of a temporary constitution.

1927 – Cardiff City defeat Arsenal in the FA Cup Final, the only time it has been won by a team not based in England.

1935 – The Polish Constitution of 1935 is adopted.

1940 – The Rhythm Club fire at a dance hall in Natchez, Mississippi, kills 198 people.

1941 – World War II: The Greek government and King George II evacuate Athens before the invading Wehrmacht.

1942 – World War II: Baedeker Blitz: German bombers hit Exeter, Bath and York in retaliation for the British raid on Lübeck.

1945 – World War II: Adolf Hitler's designated successor, Hermann Göring, sends him a telegram asking permission to take leadership of the Third Reich. Martin Bormann and Joseph Goebbels advise Hitler that the telegram is treasonous.

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1946 – Manuel Roxas is elected the last President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

1949 – Chinese Civil War: Establishment of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

1951 – Cold War: American journalist William N. Oatis is arrested for espionage by the Communist government of Czechoslovakia.

1961 – Algiers putsch by French generals.

1967 – Soviet space program: Soyuz 1 (Russian: Союз 1, Union 1) a manned spaceflight carrying cosmonaut Colonel Vladimir Komarov is launched into orbit.

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1968 – Vietnam War: Student protesters at Columbia University in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university.

1971 – Bangladesh Liberation War: The Pakistan Army and Razakars massacre approximately 3,000 Hindu emigrants in the Jathibhanga area of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

1985 – Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than three months.

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1990 – Namibia becomes the 160th member of the United Nations and the 50th member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

1993 – Eritreans vote overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia in a United Nations-monitored referendum.

1993 – Sri Lankan politician Lalith Athulathmudali is assassinated while addressing a gathering, approximately four weeks ahead of the Provincial Council elections for the Western Province.

2005 – The first ever YouTube video, titled "Me at the zoo", was published by user "jawed".[1]

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2013 – At least 28 people are killed and more than 70 are injured as violence breaks out in Hawija, Iraq.

CaptainCrunch

04-24-2018, 12:08 PM

April 24th

1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).

1184 BC – Traditional date of the fall of Troy.

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1547 – Battle of Mühlberg. Duke of Alba, commanding Spanish-Imperial forces of Charles I of Spain, defeats the troops of Schmalkaldic League.

1558 – Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the Dauphin of France, François, at Notre Dame de Paris.

1704 – The first regular newspaper in British Colonial America, The Boston News-Letter, is published.

1800 – The United States Library of Congress is established when President John Adams signs legislation to appropriate $5,000 to purchase "such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress".

1877 – Russo-Turkish War: Russian Empire declares war on Ottoman Empire.
1885 – American sharpshooter Annie Oakley is hired by Nate Salsbury to be a part of Buffalo Bill's Wild West.

1895 – Joshua Slocum, the first person to sail single-handedly around the world, sets sail from Boston, Massachusetts aboard the sloop "Spray".

1913 – The Woolworth Building, a skyscraper in New York City, is opened.

1914 – The Franck–Hertz experiment, a pillar of quantum mechanics, is presented to the German Physical Society.

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1915 – The arrest of 250 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Istanbul marks the beginning of the Armenian Genocide.

1916 – Easter Rising: Irish rebels, led by Patrick Pearse and James Connolly, launch an uprising in Dublin against British rule and proclaim an Irish Republic.

1916 – Ernest Shackleton and five men of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition launch a lifeboat from uninhabited Elephant Island in the Southern Ocean to organise a rescue for the crew of the sunken Endurance.

1918 – World War I: First tank-to-tank combat, during the second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. Three British Mark IVs meet three German A7Vs.

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1922 – The first segment of the Imperial Wireless Chain providing wireless telegraphy between Leafield in Oxfordshire, England, and Cairo, Egypt, comes into operation.

1923 – In Vienna, the paper Das Ich und das Es (The Ego and the Id) by Sigmund Freud is published, which outlines Freud's theories of the id, ego, and super-ego.

1926 – The Treaty of Berlin is signed. Germany and the Soviet Union each pledge neutrality in the event of an attack on the other by a third party for the next five years.

1932 – Benny Rothman leads the mass trespass of Kinder Scout, leading to substantial legal reforms in the United Kingdom.

1933 – Nazi Germany begins its persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses by shutting down the Watch Tower Society office in Magdeburg.

1944 – World War II: The SBS launches a raid against the garrison of Santorini in Greece.

1953 – Winston Churchill is knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.

1955 – The Bandung Conference ends: Twenty-nine non-aligned nations of Asia and Africa finish a meeting that condemns colonialism, racism, and the Cold War.

1957 – Suez Crisis: The Suez Canal is reopened following the introduction of UNEF peacekeepers to the region.

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1963 – Marriage of HRH Princess Alexandra of Kent to the Hon Angus Ogilvy at Westminster Abbey in London.

1965 – Civil war breaks out in the Dominican Republic when Colonel Francisco Caamaño, overthrows the triumvirate that had been in power since the coup d'état against Juan Bosch.

1967 – Cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov dies in Soyuz 1 when its parachute fails to open. He is the first human to die during a space mission.

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1967 – Vietnam War: American General William Westmoreland says in a news conference that the enemy had "gained support in the United States that gives him hope that he can win politically that which he cannot win militarily."

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1970 – The Gambia becomes a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, with Dawda Jawara as its first President.

1980 – Eight U.S. servicemen die in Operation Eagle Claw as they attempt to end the Iran hostage crisis.

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1990 – STS-31: The Hubble Space Telescope is launched from the Space Shuttle Discovery.

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1990 – Gruinard Island, Scotland, is officially declared free of the anthrax disease after 48 years of quarantine.

1993 – An IRA bomb devastates the Bishopsgate area of London.

1996 – In the United States, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 is passed into law.

2004 – The United States lifts economic sanctions imposed on Libya 18 years previously, as a reward for its cooperation in eliminating weapons of mass destruction.

2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is inaugurated as the 265th Pope of the Catholic Church taking the name Pope Benedict XVI.

2013 – A building collapses near Dhaka, Bangladesh, killing 1,129 people and injuring 2,500 others.

2013 – Violence in Bachu County, Kashgar Prefecture, of China's Xinjiang results in death of 21 people.

CaptainCrunch

04-25-2018, 12:21 PM

April 25th

404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.

775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate. Muslim control over Transcaucasia is solidified and its Islamization begins, while several major Armenian nakharar families lose power and their remnants flee to the Byzantine Empire.

799 – After mistreatment and disfigurement by the citizens of Rome, pope Leo III flees to the Frankish court of king Charlemagne at Paderborn for protection.

1134 – The name Zagreb was mentioned for the first time in the Felician Charter relating to the establishment of the Zagreb Bishopric around 1094.

1607 – Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.

1644 – The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.

1707 – A coalition of England, the Netherlands and Portugal is defeated by a Franco-Spanish army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession.

1792 – Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine.

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1792 – "La Marseillaise" (the French national anthem) is composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.

1804 – The western Georgian kingdom of Imereti accepts the suzerainty of the Russian Empire

1829 – Charles Fremantle arrives in HMS Challenger off the coast of modern-day Western Australia prior to declaring the Swan River Colony for the United Kingdom.

1846 – Thornton Affair: Open conflict begins over the disputed border of Texas, triggering the Mexican–American War.

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1849 – The Governor General of Canada, Lord Elgin, signs the Rebellion Losses Bill, outraging Montreal's English population and triggering the Montreal Riots.

1859 – British and French engineers break ground for the Suez Canal.

1862 – American Civil War: Forces under U.S. Admiral David Farragut demand the surrender of the Confederate city of New Orleans, Louisiana.

1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Marks' Mills.

1882 – French and Vietnamese troops clashed in Tonkin, when Commandant Henri Rivière seized the citadel of Hanoi with a small force of marine infantry.

1898 – Spanish–American War: The United States declares war on Spain.

1901 – New York becomes the first U.S. state to require automobile license plates.

1915 – World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli begins: The invasion of the Turkish Gallipoli Peninsula by British, French, Indian, Newfoundland, Australian and New Zealand troops, begins with landings at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles.

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1916 – Anzac Day is commemorated for the first time on the first anniversary of the landing at ANZAC Cove.

1920 – At the San Remo conference, the principal Allied Powers of World War I adopt a resolution to determine the allocation of Class "A" League of Nations mandates for administration of the former Ottoman-ruled lands of the Middle East.

1938 – U.S. Supreme Court delivers its opinion in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins and overturns a century of federal common law.

1940 – Merkið, the flag of the Faroe Islands is approved by the British occupation government.

1944 – The United Negro College Fund is incorporated.

1945 – Elbe Day: United States and Soviet troops meet in Torgau along the River Elbe, cutting the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany in two.

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1945 – Liberation Day (Italy): The Nazi occupation army surrenders and leaves Northern Italy after a general partisan insurrection by the Italian resistance movement; the puppet fascist regime dissolves and Benito Mussolini is captured after trying to escape. This day was set as a public holiday to celebrate the Liberation of Italy.

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1945 – United Nations Conference on International Organization: Founding negotiations for the United Nations begin in San Francisco.

1945 – The last German troops retreat from Finland's soil in Lapland, ending the Lapland War. Military acts of Second World War end in Finland.

1951 – Korean War: Assaulting Chinese forces are forced to withdraw after heavy fighting with UN forces, primarily made up of Australian and Canadian troops, at the Battle of Kapyong.

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1953 – Francis Crick and James Watson publish "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" describing the double helix structure of DNA.

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1954 – The first practical solar cell is publicly demonstrated by Bell Telephone Laboratories.

1959 – The Saint Lawrence Seaway, linking the North American Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, officially opens to shipping.

1960 – The United States Navy submarine USS Triton completes the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe.

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1961 – Robert Noyce is granted a patent for an integrated circuit.

1972 – Vietnam War: Nguyen Hue Offensive: The North Vietnamese 320th Division forces 5,000 South Vietnamese troops to retreat and traps about 2,500 others northwest of Kontum.

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1974 – Carnation Revolution: A leftist military coup in Portugal overthrows the authoritarian-conservative Estado Novo regime and establishes a democratic government.

1975 – As North Vietnamese forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost ten years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam.

1981 – More than 100 workers are exposed to radiation during repairs of at the Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant in Japan.

1982 – Israel completes its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula per the Camp David Accords.

1983 – Cold War: American schoolgirl Samantha Smith is invited to visit the Soviet Union by its leader Yuri Andropov after he read her letter in which she expressed fears about nuclear war.

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1983 – Pioneer 10 travels beyond Pluto's orbit.

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1986 – Mswati III is crowned King of Swaziland, succeeding his father Sobhuza II.

1988 – In Israel, John Demjanjuk is sentenced to death for war crimes committed in World War II.

1990 – Violeta Chamorro takes office as the President of Nicaragua, the first woman to hold the position.

2001 – Michele Alboreto is killed while testing an Audi R8 at the Lausitzring in Germany.

2004 – The March for Women's Lives brings between 500,000 and 800,000 protesters, mostly pro-choice, to Washington D.C. to protest the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003, and other restrictions on abortion.

2005 – The final piece of the Obelisk of Axum is returned to Ethiopia after being stolen by the invading Italian army in 1937.

2005 – Bulgaria and Romania sign accession treaties to join the European Union.

2007 – Boris Yeltsin's funeral: The first to be sanctioned by the Russian Orthodox Church for a head of state since the funeral of Emperor Alexander III in 1894.

2015 – Nearly 9,100 are killed after a massive 7.8 magnitude earthquake strikes Nepal.

CaptainCrunch

04-26-2018, 12:47 PM

Taking a few days off from this, if anyone wants to fill in feel free.

CaptainCrunch

04-27-2018, 03:29 PM

April 27th

33 BC – Lucius Marcius Philippus, step-brother to the future emperor Augustus, celebrates a triumph for his victories while serving as governor in one of the provinces of Hispania.

395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of the more powerful Roman empresses of Late Antiquity.

629 – Shahrbaraz is crowned as king of the Sasanian Empire.

711 – Islamic conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus).

1296 – First War of Scottish Independence: John Balliol's Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Dunbar.

1509 – Pope Julius II places the Italian state of Venice under interdict.

1521 – Battle of Mactan: Explorer Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives in the Philippines led by chief Lapu-Lapu.

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1522 – Combined forces of Spain and the Papal States defeat a French and Venetian army at the Battle of Bicocca.

1539 – Re-founding of the city of Bogotá, New Granada (now Colombia), by Nikolaus Federmann and Sebastián de Belalcázar.

1565 – Cebu is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.

1578 – Duel of the Mignons claims the lives of two favourites of Henry III of France and two favorites of Henry I, Duke of Guise.

1595 – The relics of Saint Sava are incinerated in Belgrade on the Vračar plateau by Ottoman Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha; the site of the incineration is now the location of the Church of Saint Sava, one of the largest Orthodox churches in the world.

1650 – The Battle of Carbisdale: A Royalist army from Orkney invades mainland Scotland but is defeated by a Covenanter army.

1667 – Blind and impoverished, John Milton sells the copyright of Paradise Lost for £10.

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1777 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Ridgefield: A British invasion force engages and defeats Continental Army regulars and militia irregulars at Ridgefield, Connecticut.

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1805 – First Barbary War: United States Marines and Berbers attack the Tripolitan city of Derna (The "shores of Tripoli" part of the Marines' Hymn).

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1813 – War of 1812: American troops capture York, the capital of Upper Canada, in the Battle of York.

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1861 – American President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus.

1865 – The New York State Senate creates Cornell University as the state's land grant institution.

1906 – The State Duma of the Russian Empire meets for the first time.

1909 – Sultan of Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V.

1911 – Following the resignation and death of William P. Frye, a compromise is reached to rotate the office of President pro tempore of the United States Senate.

1927 – Carabineros de Chile (Chilean national police force and gendarmerie) are created.

1936 – The United Auto Workers (UAW) gains autonomy from the American Federation of Labor.

1941 – World War II: German troops enter Athens.

1941 – World War II: The Communist Party of Slovenia, the Slovene Christian Socialists, the left-wing Slovene Sokols (also known as "National Democrats") and a group of progressive intellectuals establish the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation.

1945 – World War II: The last German formations withdraw from Finland to Norway. The Lapland War and thus, World War II in Finland, comes to an end and the Raising the Flag on the Three-Country Cairn photograph is taken.

1945 – World War II: Benito Mussolini is arrested by Italian partisans in Dongo, while attempting escape disguised as a German soldier.

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1953 – Operation Moolah offers $50,000 to any pilot who defected with a fully mission-capable Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 to South Korea. The first pilot was to receive $100,000.

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1960 – Togo gains independence from French-administered UN trusteeship.

1961 – Sierra Leone is granted its independence from the United Kingdom, with Milton Margai as the first Prime Minister.

1967 – Expo 67 officially opens in Montreal, Quebec, Canada with a large opening ceremony broadcast around the world. It opens to the public the next day.

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1974 – Ten thousand march in Washington, D.C., calling for the impeachment of U.S. President Richard Nixon.

1978 – Former United States President Nixon aide John D. Ehrlichman is released from an Arizona prison after serving 18 months for Watergate-related crimes.

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1978 – The Saur Revolution begins in Afghanistan, ending the following morning with the murder of Afghan President Mohammed Daoud Khan and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

1981 – Xerox PARC introduces the computer mouse.

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1986 – The city of Pripyat and surrounding areas are evacuated due to Chernobyl disaster.

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1987 – The U.S. Department of Justice bars Austrian President Kurt Waldheim (and his wife, Elisabeth, who had also been a Nazi) from entering the USA, charging that he had aided in the deportations and executions of thousands of Jews and others as a German Army officer during World War II.

1989 – The April 27 demonstrations, student-led protests responding to the April 26 Editorial, during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

1992 – The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, comprising Serbia and Montenegro, is proclaimed.

1992 – Betty Boothroyd becomes the first woman to be elected Speaker of the British House of Commons in its 700-year history.

1992 – The Russian Federation and 12 other former Soviet republics become members of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

1993 – All members of the Zambia national football team lose their lives in a plane crash off Libreville, Gabon en route to Dakar, Senegal to play a 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifying match against Senegal.

1994 – South African general election: The first democratic general election in South Africa, in which black citizens could vote. The Interim Constitution comes into force.

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2005 – Airbus A380 aircraft had its maiden test flight.

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2006 – Construction begins on the Freedom Tower (later renamed One World Trade Center) in New York City.

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2007 – Estonian authorities remove the Bronze Soldier, a Soviet Red Army war memorial in Tallinn, amid political controversy with Russia.

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2011 – The 2011 Super Outbreak devastates parts of the Southeastern United States, especially the states of Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and Tennessee. Two hundred five tornadoes touched down on April 27 alone, killing more than 300 and injuring hundreds more.

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2012 – At least four explosions hit the Ukrainian city of Dnipropetrovsk with at least 27 people injured.

CaptainCrunch

04-28-2018, 05:33 PM

April 28th

224 – The Battle of Hormozdgān is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire.

357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius.

1192 – Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin.

1253 – Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō for the very first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism.

1503 – The Battle of Cerignola is fought. It is noted as one of the first European battles in history won by small arms fire using gunpowder.

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1611 – Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines, the largest Catholic university in the world.

1788 – Maryland becomes the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution.

1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty: Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew returns to Tahiti briefly and then sets sail for Pitcairn Island.

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1792 – France invades the Austrian Netherlands (present day Belgium and Luxembourg), beginning the French Revolutionary Wars.

1796 – The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Vittorio Amedeo III, King of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast.

1869 – Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the First Transcontinental Railroad lay ten miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched.

1881 – Billy the Kid escapes from the Lincoln County jail in Mesilla, New Mexico.

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1887 – A week after being arrested by the Prussian Secret Police, French police inspector Guillaume Schnaebelé is released on order of William I, German Emperor, defusing a possible war.

1910 – Frenchman Louis Paulhan wins the 1910 London to Manchester air race, the first long-distance aeroplane race in England.

1920 – Azerbaijan is added to the Soviet Union.

1923 – Wembley Stadium is opened, named initially as the Empire Stadium.

1930 – The Independence Producers hosted the first night game in the history of Organized Baseball in Independence, Kansas.

1941 – The Ustaše massacre nearly 200 Serbs in the village of Gudovac, the first massacre of their genocidal campaign against Serbs of the Independent State of Croatia.

1944 – World War II: Nine German E-boats attacked US and UK units during Exercise Tiger, the rehearsal for the Normandy landings, killing 946.

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1945 – Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are executed by a firing squad consisting of members of the Italian resistance movement.

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1947 – Thor Heyerdahl and five crew mates set out from Peru on the Kon-Tiki to demonstrate that Peruvian natives could have settled Polynesia.

1948 – Igor Stravinsky conducted the premiere of his American ballet, Orpheus at the New York City Center.

1949 – The Hukbalahap are accused of assassinating former First Lady of the Philippines Aurora Quezon, while she is en route to dedicate a hospital in memory of her late husband; her daughter and ten others are also killed.

1952 – Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Allied Commander of NATO.

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1952 – The Treaty of San Francisco comes into effect, restoring Japanese sovereignty and ending its state of war with most of the Allies of World War II.

1952 – The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Treaty of Taipei) is signed in Taipei, Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War.

1965 – United States occupation of the Dominican Republic: American troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate U.S. Army troops.

1967 – Vietnam War: Boxer Muhammad Ali refuses his induction into the United States Army and is subsequently stripped of his championship and license.

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1969 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France.

1970 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to fight communist sanctuaries in Cambodia.

1973 – The Dark Side of the Moon by Pink Floyd, recorded in Abbey Road Studios goes to number one on the US charts, beginning a record-breaking 741-week chart run.

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1975 – General Cao Văn Viên, chief of the South Vietnamese military, departs for the US as the North Vietnamese Army closed in on victory.

1977 – The Red Army Faction trial ends, with Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe found guilty of four counts of murder and more than 30 counts of attempted murder.

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1978 – President of Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud Khan, is overthrown and assassinated in a coup led by pro-communist rebels.

1986 – The United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise becomes the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to transit the Suez Canal, navigating from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to relieve the USS Coral Sea.

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1986 – High levels of radiation resulting from the Chernobyl disaster are detected at a nuclear power plant in Sweden, leading Soviet authorities to publicly announce the accident.

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1988 – Near Maui, Hawaii, flight attendant Clarabelle "C.B." Lansing is blown out of Aloha Airlines Flight 243, a Boeing 737, and falls to her death when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid-flight.

1994 – Former Central Intelligence Agency counterintelligence officer and analyst Aldrich Ames pleads guilty to giving U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union and later Russia.

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1996 – Whitewater controversy: President Bill Clinton gives a 4½ hour videotaped testimony for the defense.

1996 – Port Arthur massacre, Tasmania: A gunman, Martin Bryant, opens fire at the Broad Arrow Cafe in Port Arthur, Tasmania, killing 35 people and wounding 23 others.

2004 – CBS News released evidence of the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse. The photographs show rape and abuse from the American troops over Iraqi detainees.

2011 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1980 relating to Ivorian crisis is adopted.

2015 – The National Football League announces it is giving up its tax-exempt status.

CaptainCrunch

04-29-2018, 08:45 PM

April 29th

1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.

1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and becomes its vassal.

1429 – Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orléans.

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1483 – Gran Canaria, the main island of the Canary Islands, is conquered by the Kingdom of Castile.

1521 – Swedish War of Liberation: Swedish troops defeat a Danish force in the Battle of Västerås.

1770 – James Cook arrives in Australia at Botany Bay, which he names.

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1781 – American Revolutionary War: British and French ships clash in the Battle of Fort Royal off the coast of Martinique.

1834 – Charles Darwin during the second survey voyage of HMS Beagle, ascended the Bell mountain, Cerro La Campana on 17 August 1834, his visit being commemorated by a memorial plaque.[1]

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1861 – American Civil War: Maryland's House of Delegates votes not to secede from the Union.

1862 – American Civil War: The Capture of New Orleans by Union forces under David Farragut.

1864 – Theta Xi fraternity is founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the only fraternity to be founded during the American Civil War.

1903 – A 30 million cubic-metre landslide kills 70 people in Frank, in the District of Alberta, Canada.

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1910 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the People's Budget, the first budget in British history with the expressed intent of redistributing wealth among the British public.

1911 – Tsinghua University, one of mainland China's leading universities, is founded.

1916 – World War I: The UK's 6th Indian Division surrenders to Ottoman Forces at the Siege of Kut in one of the largest surrenders of British forces up to that point.

1916 – Easter Rising: After six days of fighting, Irish rebel leaders surrender to British forces in Dublin, bringing the Easter Rising to an end.

1944 – World War II: British agent Nancy Wake, a leading figure in the French Resistance and the Gestapo's most wanted person, parachutes back into France to be a liaison between London and the local maquis group.

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1945 – World War II: The German army in Italy surrenders to the Allies.

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1945 – World War II: Start of Operation Manna.

1945 – World War II: The Captain-class frigate HMS Goodall (K479) is torpedoed by U-286 outside the Kola Inlet becoming the last Royal Navy ship to be sunk in the European theatre of World War II.

1945 – World War II: Führerbunker: Adolf Hitler marries his longtime partner Eva Braun in a Berlin bunker and designates Admiral Karl Dönitz as his successor; Hitler and Braun both commit suicide the following day.

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1945 – Dachau concentration camp is liberated by United States troops.

1945 – The Italian commune of Fornovo di Taro is liberated from German forces by Brazilian forces.

1946 – The International Military Tribunal for the Far East convenes and indicts former Prime Minister of Japan Hideki Tojo and 28 former Japanese leaders for war crimes.

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1951 – Tibetan delegates to the Central People's Government arrive in Beijing and draft a Seventeen Point Agreement for Chinese sovereignty and Tibetan autonomy.

1953 – The first U.S. experimental 3D television broadcast showed an episode of Space Patrol on Los Angeles ABC affiliate KECA-TV.

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1965 – Pakistan's Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) successfully launches its seventh rocket in its Rehber series.

1967 – After refusing induction into the United States Army the previous day, Muhammad Ali is stripped of his boxing title.

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1968 – The controversial musical Hair, a product of the hippie counter-culture and sexual revolution of the 1960s, opens at the Biltmore Theatre on Broadway, with some of its songs becoming anthems of the anti-Vietnam War movement.

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1970 – Vietnam War: United States and South Vietnamese forces invade Cambodia to hunt Viet Cong.

1974 – Watergate scandal: United States President Richard Nixon announces the release of edited transcripts of White House tape recordings relating to the scandal.

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1975 – Vietnam War: Operation Frequent Wind: The U.S. begins to evacuate U.S. citizens from Saigon before an expected North Vietnamese takeover. U.S. involvement in the war comes to an end.

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1975 – Vietnam War: The North Vietnamese army completes its capture of all parts of South Vietnamese-held Trường Sa Islands.

1986 – A fire at the Central library of the City of Los Angeles Public Library damages or destroys 400,000 books and other items.

1986 – Chernobyl disaster: American and European spy satellites capture the ruins of the 4th Reactor at the Chernobyl Power Plant

1991 – A cyclone strikes the Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh with winds of around 155 miles per hour (249 km/h), killing at least 138,000 people and leaving as many as ten million homeless.

1991 – The 7.0 Mw Racha earthquake affects Georgia with a maximum MSK intensity of IX (Destructive), killing 270 people.

1992 – Riots in Los Angeles, following the acquittal of police officers charged with excessive force in the beating of Rodney King. Over the next three days 63 people are killed and hundreds of buildings are destroyed.

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1997 – The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 enters into force, outlawing the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons by its signatories.

2011 – The Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.

2013 – A powerful explosion occurs in an office building in Prague, believed to have been caused by natural gas, injures 43 people.

2015 – A baseball game between the Baltimore Orioles and the Chicago White Sox sets the all-time low attendance mark for Major League Baseball. Zero fans were in attendance for the game, as the stadium was officially closed to the public due to the 2015 Baltimore protests.

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CaptainCrunch

04-30-2018, 12:51 PM

April 30th

311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.

313 – Battle of Tzirallum: Emperor Licinius defeats Maximinus II and unifies the Eastern Roman Empire.

642 – Chindasuinth is proclaimed king by the Visigothic nobility and bishops.

1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.

1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commission of exploration.

1513 – Edmund de la Pole, Yorkist pretender to the English throne, is executed on the orders of Henry VIII.

1557 – Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.

1598 – Juan de Oñate begins the conquest of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.

1598 – Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots.

1636 – Eighty Years' War: Dutch Republic forces recapture a strategically important fort from Spain after a nine-month siege.

1671 – Petar Zrinski, the Croatian Ban from the Zrinski family, is executed.

1789 – On the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City, George Washington takes the oath of office to become the first elected President of the United States.

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1803 – Louisiana Purchase: The United States purchases the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, more than doubling the size of the young nation.

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1812 – The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U.S. state under the name Louisiana.

1838 – Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation.

1863 – A 65-man French Foreign Legion infantry patrol fights a force of nearly 2,000 Mexican soldiers to nearly the last man in Hacienda Camarón, Mexico.

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1871 – The Camp Grant massacre takes place in Arizona Territory.

1885 – Governor of New York David B. Hill signs legislation creating the Niagara Reservation, New York's first state park, ensuring that Niagara Falls will not be devoted solely to industrial and commercial use.

1897 – J. J. Thomson of the Cavendish Laboratory announces his discovery of the electron as a subatomic particle, over 1,800 times smaller than a proton (in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the Royal Institution in London.[1]

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1900 – Hawaii becomes a territory of the United States, with Sanford B. Dole as governor.

1904 – The Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair opens in St. Louis, Missouri.

1905 – Albert Einstein completes his doctoral thesis at the University of Zurich.

1925 – Automaker Dodge Brothers, Inc is sold to Dillon, Read & Co. for US$146 million plus $50 million for charity.

1927 – The Federal Industrial Institute for Women opens in Alderson, West Virginia, as the first women's federal prison in the United States.

1927 – Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford become the first celebrities to leave their footprints in concrete at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood.

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1937 – The Commonwealth of the Philippines holds a plebiscite for Filipino women on whether they should be extended the right to suffrage; over 90% would vote in the affirmative.

1938 – The animated cartoon short Porky's Hare Hunt debuts in movie theaters, introducing Happy Rabbit (a prototype of Bugs Bunny).

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1939 – The 1939-40 New York World's Fair opens.

1939 – NBC inaugurates its regularly scheduled television service in New York City, broadcasting President Franklin D. Roosevelt's N.Y. World's Fair opening day ceremonial address.

1943 – World War II: The British submarine HMS Seraph surfaces near Huelva to cast adrift a dead man dressed as a courier and carrying false invasion plans.

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1945 – World War II: Führerbunker: Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide after being married for less than 40 hours. Soviet soldiers raise the Victory Banner over the Reichstag building.

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1945 – World War II: Stalag Luft I prisoner-of-war camp near Barth, Germany is liberated by Soviet soldiers, freeing nearly 9000 American and British airmen.

1947 – In Nevada, Boulder Dam is renamed Hoover Dam.

1948 – In Bogotá, Colombia, the Organization of American States is established.

1956 – Former Vice President and Democratic Senator Alben Barkley dies during a speech in Virginia.

1957 – Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery entered into force.

1961 – K-19, the first Soviet nuclear submarine equipped with nuclear missiles, is commissioned.

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1963 – The Bristol Bus Boycott is held in Bristol to protest the Bristol Omnibus Company's refusal to employ Black or Asian bus crews, drawing national attention to racial discrimination in the United Kingdom.

1966 – The Church of Satan is formed in The Black House, San Francisco

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1973 – Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard Nixon announces that White House Counsel John Dean has been fired and that other top aides, most notably H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, have resigned.

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1975 – Fall of Saigon: Communist forces gain control of Saigon. The Vietnam War formally ends with the unconditional surrender of South Vietnamese president Dương Văn Minh.

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1980 – Beatrix is inaugurated as Queen of the Netherlands following the abdication of Juliana.

1980 – The Iranian Embassy siege begins in London.

1982 – The Bijon Setu massacre occurs in Calcutta, India.

1993 – CERN announces World Wide Web protocols will be free.

1994 – Formula One racing driver Roland Ratzenberger is killed in a crash during the qualifying session of the San Marino Grand Prix run at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari outside Imola, Italy.

1997 – Ellen DeGeneres came out as gay. Her sitcom, Ellen, became one of first major television shows featuring an openly gay main character.

2000 – Canonization of Faustina Kowalska in the presence of 200,000 people and the first Divine Mercy Sunday celebrated worldwide.

2004 – U.S. media release graphic photos of American soldiers abusing and sexually humiliating Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison.

2008 – Two skeletal remains found near Yekaterinburg, Russia are confirmed by Russian scientists to be the remains of Alexei and Anastasia, two of the children of the last Tsar of Russia, whose entire family was executed at Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks.

2009 – Chrysler files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

2009 – Seven civilians and the perpetrator are killed and another ten injured at a Queen's Day parade in Apeldoorn, Netherlands in an attempted assassination on Queen Beatrix.

2012 – An overloaded ferry capsizes on the Brahmaputra River in India killing at least 103 people.

2013 – Willem-Alexander is inaugurated as King of the Netherlands following the abdication of Beatrix.

2014 – A bomb blast in Ürümqi kills three people and injures 79 others.

CaptainCrunch

05-01-2018, 02:53 PM

May 1st

475 BC – Roman consul Publius Valerius Poplicola celebrates a Roman triumph for his victory over Veii and the Sabines.

305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.

524 – King Sigismund of Burgundy is executed at Orléans after an 8-year reign and is succeeded by his brother Godomar.

880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.

1169 – Norman mercenaries land at Bannow Bay in Leinster, marking the beginning of the Norman invasion of Ireland.

1328 – Wars of Scottish Independence end: By the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton the Kingdom of England recognises the Kingdom of Scotland as an independent state.

1455 – Battle of Arkinholm, Royal forces end the Black Douglas hegemony in Scotland.

1576 – Stephen Báthory, the reigning Prince of Transylvania, marries Anna Jagiellon and they become co-rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1707 – The Act of Union joining the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain takes effect.

1753 – Publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus, and the formal start date of plant taxonomy adopted by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.

1759 – Josiah Wedgwood founds the Wedgwood pottery company in Great Britain.

1776 – Establishment of the Illuminati in Ingolstadt (Upper Bavaria), by Jesuit-taught Adam Weishaupt.

Yeah good luck finding anything historical about the Illuminati that doesn't involved Jewish or alien conspiracy theories. I hate the internet

1778 – American Revolution: The Battle of Crooked Billet begins in Hatboro, Pennsylvania.

1785 – Kamehameha I, the king of Hawaiʻi, defeats Kalanikūpule and establishes the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.

1786 – In Vienna, Austria, Mozart's opera The Marriage of Figaro is performed for the first time.

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1794 – War of the Pyrenees: The Battle of Boulou ends, in which French forces defeat the Spanish and regain nearly all the land they lost to Spain in 1793.

1820 – Execution of the Cato Street Conspirators

1840 – The Penny Black, the first official adhesive postage stamp, is issued in the United Kingdom.

1844 – Hong Kong Police Force, the world's second modern police force and Asia's first, is established.

1846 – The few remaining Mormons left in Nauvoo, Illinois, formally dedicate the Nauvoo Temple.

1851 – Queen Victoria opens The Great Exhibition at The Crystal Palace in London.

1856 – The Province of Isabela was created in the Philippines in honor of Queen Isabela II.

1862 – American Civil War: The Union Army completes its capture of New Orleans.

1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville begins.

1865 – The Empire of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay sign the Treaty of the Triple Alliance.

1866 – The Memphis Race Riots begin. In three days time, 46 blacks and two whites were killed. Reports of the atrocities influenced passage of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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1869 – The Folies Bergère opens in Paris.

1875 – Alexandra Palace reopens after being burned down in a fire in 1873.

1884 – Proclamation of the demand for eight-hour workday in the United States.

1884 – Moses Fleetwood Walker becomes the first black person to play in a professional baseball game in the United States.

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1885 – The original Chicago Board of Trade Building opens for business.

1886 – Rallies are held throughout the United States demanding the eight-hour work day, culminating in the Haymarket affair in Chicago, in commemoration of which May 1 is celebrated as International Workers' Day in many countries.

1893 – The World's Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago.

1894 – Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, arrives in Washington, D.C.

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1898 – Spanish–American War: Battle of Manila Bay: The United States Navy destroys the Spanish Pacific fleet in the first major battle of the war.

1900 – The Scofield Mine disaster kills over 200 men in Scofield, Utah in what is to date the fifth-worst mining accident in United States history.

1915 – The RMS Lusitania departs from New York City on her 202nd, and final, crossing of the North Atlantic. Six days later, the ship is torpedoed off the coast of Ireland with the loss of 1,198 lives.

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1919 – German troops enter Munich to squash the Bavarian Soviet Republic.

1925 – The All-China Federation of Trade Unions is officially founded. Today it is the largest trade union in the world, with 134 million members.

1927 – The Union Labor Life Insurance Company is founded by the American Federation of Labor.

1929 – The 7.2 Mw Kopet Dag earthquake shakes the Iran–Turkmenistan border region with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing up to 3,800 and injuring 1,121.

1930 – The dwarf planet Pluto is officially named.

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1931 – The Empire State Building is dedicated in New York City.

1941 – World War II: German forces launch a major attack during the siege of Tobruk.

1944 – World War II: Two hundred Communist prisoners are shot by the Germans at Kaisariani, Athens in reprisal for the killing of General Franz Krech by partisans at Molaoi.

1945 – World War II: A German newsreader officially announces that Adolf Hitler has "fallen at his command post in the Reich Chancellery fighting to the last breath against Bolshevism and for Germany". The Soviet flag is raised over the Reich Chancellery, by order of Stalin.

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1945 – World War II: Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels and his wife Magda commit suicide in the Reich Garden outside the Führerbunker. Their children are also killed by having cyanide pills inserted into their mouths by their mother, Magda.

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1945 – World War II: Forces of the Soviet Red Army liberate Allied prisoners of war imprisoned at Stalag Luft I near Barth, Germany.

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1945 – World War II: Up to 2,500 people die in a mass suicide in Demmin following the advance of the Red Army.

1945 – World War II: Yugoslav Partisans liberate Trieste.

1946 – Start of three-year Pilbara strike of Indigenous Australians.

1946 – The Paris Peace Conference concludes that the islands of the Dodecanese should be returned to Greece by Italy.

1947 – Portella della Ginestra massacre against May Day celebrations in Sicily by the bandit and separatist leader Salvatore Giuliano where 11 persons are killed and 33 wounded.

1948 – The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) is established, with Kim Il-sung as leader.

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1950 – Guam is organized as a United States commonwealth.

1956 – The polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk is made available to the public.

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1956 – A doctor in Japan reports an "epidemic of an unknown disease of the central nervous system", marking the official discovery of Minamata disease.

1957 – Thirty-four people are killed when a Vickers Viking airliner crashes in Hampshire, England.

1960 – Formation of the western Indian states of Gujarat and Maharashtra; also known as "Maharashtra Day".

1960 – Cold War: U-2 incident: Francis Gary Powers, in a Lockheed U-2 spyplane, is shot down over the Sverdlovsk Oblast, Soviet Union, sparking a diplomatic crisis.

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1961 – The Prime Minister of Cuba, Fidel Castro, proclaims Cuba a socialist nation and abolishes elections.

1965 – Cross-Strait relations: Battle of Dong-Yin, a naval conflict between ROC and PRC, takes place.

1967 – Elvis Presley and Priscilla Beaulieu are married in Las Vegas.

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1970 – Vietnam War: Protests erupt following the announcement by Richard Nixon that the U.S. and South Vietnamese forces would attack Vietnamese communists in a Cambodian Campaign.

1971 – Amtrak (the National Railroad Passenger Corporation) takes over operation of U.S. passenger rail service.

1974 – The Argentine terrorist organization Montoneros is expelled from Plaza de Mayo by president Juan Perón.

1977 – Thirty-six people are killed in Taksim Square, Istanbul, during the Labour Day celebrations.

1978 – Japan's Naomi Uemura, travelling by dog sled, becomes the first person to reach the North Pole alone.

1982 – Operation Black Buck: The Royal Air Force attacks the Argentine Air Force during Falklands War.

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1983 – The Sydney Entertainment Centre is opened.

1987 – Pope John Paul II beatifies Edith Stein, a Jewish-born Carmelite nun who was gassed in the Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz.

1989 – Disney-MGM Studios opens at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, United States.

1990 – The former Philippine Episcopal Church (supervised by the Episcopal Church of the United States of America) is granted full autonomy and raised to the status of an Autocephalous Anglican Province and renamed the Episcopal Church in the Philippines.

1993 – Dingiri Banda Wijetunga became president of Sri Lanka automatically after killing of R Premadasa in LTTE bomb explosion

1994 – Three-time Formula One world champion Ayrton Senna is killed in an accident whilst leading the San Marino Grand Prix at Imola.

1995 – Croatian War of Independence: Croatian forces launch Operation Flash.

1999 – The body of British climber George Mallory is found on Mount Everest, 75 years after his disappearance in 1924.

1999 – SpongeBob SquarePants premieres on Nickelodeon after the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards.

2001 – Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo declares the existence of "a state of rebellion", hours after thousands of supporters of her arrested predecessor, Joseph Estrada, storm towards the presidential palace at the height of the EDSA III rebellion.

2002 – OpenOffice.org released version 1.0, the first stable version of the software.

2003 – Invasion of Iraq: In what becomes known as the "Mission Accomplished" speech, on board the USS Abraham Lincoln (off the coast of California), U.S. President George W. Bush declares that "major combat operations in Iraq have ended".

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2004 – Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia join the European Union, celebrated at the residence of the Irish President in Dublin.

2009 – Same-sex marriage is legalized in Sweden.

2011 – War on Terror: Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden is shot and killed by U.S. Navy seals.

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2011 – Pope John Paul II is beatified by his successor, Pope Benedict XVI.

CaptainCrunch

05-02-2018, 12:23 PM

May 2nd

1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.

1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.

1335 – Otto the Merry, Duke of Austria, becomes Duke of Carinthia.

1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprisoned on charges of adultery, incest, treason and witchcraft.

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1559 – John Knox returns from exile to Scotland to become the leader of the nascent Scottish Reformation.

1568 – Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Loch Leven Castle.

1611 – The King James Version of the Bible is published for the first time in London, England, by printer Robert Barker.

1670 – King Charles II of England grants a permanent charter to the Hudson's Bay Company to open up the fur trade in North America.

1672 – John Maitland becomes Duke of Lauderdale and Earl of March.

1808 – Outbreak of the Peninsular War: The people of Madrid rise up in rebellion against French occupation. Francisco de Goya later memorializes this event in his painting The Second of May 1808.

1812 – The Siege of Cuautla during the Mexican War of Independence ends with both sides claiming victory after Mexican rebels under José María Morelos y Pavón abandon the city after 72 days under siege by royalist Spanish troops under Félix María Calleja.

1816 – Marriage of Léopold of Saxe-Coburg and Princess Charlotte of Wales.

1829 – After anchoring nearby, Captain Charles Fremantle of HMS Challenger, declares the Swan River Colony in Australia.

1863 – American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson is wounded by friendly fire while returning to camp after reconnoitering during the Battle of Chancellorsville. He succumbs to pneumonia eight days later.

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1866 – Peruvian defenders fight off the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Callao.

1876 – The April Uprising breaks out in Ottoman Bulgaria.

1879 – The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is founded in Madrid by Pablo Iglesias.

1885 – Cree and Assiniboine warriors win the Battle of Cut Knife, their largest victory over Canadian forces during the North-West Rebellion.

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1889 – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia, signs the Treaty of Wuchale, giving Italy control over Eritrea.

1906 – Closing ceremony of the Intercalated Games in Athens, Greece.

1918 – General Motors acquires the Chevrolet Motor Company of Delaware.

1920 – The first game of the Negro National League baseball is played in Indianapolis.

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1933 – Germany's independent labor unions are replaced by the German Labour Front.

1941 – Following the coup d'état against Iraq Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah earlier that year, the United Kingdom launches the Anglo-Iraqi War to restore him to power.

1945 – World War II: The Soviet Union announces the fall of Berlin.

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1945 – World War II: The surrender of Caserta comes into effect, by which German troops in Italy cease fighting.

1945 – World War II: The US 82nd Airborne Division liberates Wöbbelin concentration camp finding 1000 dead prisoners, most of whom starved to death.

1945 – World War II: A death march from Dachau to the Austrian border is halted by the segregated, all-Nisei 522nd Field Artillery Battalion of the U.S. Army in southern Bavaria, saving several hundred prisoners.

1952 – The world's first ever jet airliner, the De Havilland Comet 1 makes its maiden flight, from London to Johannesburg.

1955 – Tennessee Williams wins the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.

1963 – Berthold Seliger launches a rocket with three stages and a maximum flight altitude of more than 100 kilometres near Cuxhaven. It is the only sounding rocket developed in Germany.

1964 – Vietnam War: An explosion sinks the American aircraft carrier USS Card while it is docked at Saigon. Two Viet Cong combat swimmers had placed explosives on the ship's hull. She is raised and
returned to service less than seven months later.

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1964 – First ascent of Shishapangma, the fourteenth highest mountain in the world and the lowest of the Eight-thousanders.

1969 – The British ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2 departs on her maiden voyage to New York City.

1972 – In the early morning hours a fire breaks out at the Sunshine Mine located between Kellogg and Wallace, Idaho, killing 91 workers.

1982 – Falklands War: The British nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror sinks the Argentine cruiser ARA General Belgrano.

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1986 – Chernobyl disaster: The City of Chernobyl is evacuated six days after the disaster.

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1989 – Cold War: Hungary begins dismantling its border fence with Austria, which allows a number of East Germans to defect.

1994 – A bus crashes in Gdańsk, Poland killing 32 people.

1995 – During the Croatian War of Independence, the Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina fires cluster bombs at Zagreb, killing seven and wounding over 175 civilians.

1998 – The European Central Bank is founded in Brussels in order to define and execute the European Union's monetary policy.

1999 – Panamanian general election, 1999: Mireya Moscoso becomes the first woman to be elected President of Panama.

2000 – President Bill Clinton announces that accurate GPS access would no longer be restricted to the United States military.

2004 – The Yelwa massacre concludes. It began on 4 February 2004 when armed Muslims killed 78 Christians at Yelwa. In response, about 630 Muslims were killed by Christians on May 2nd.

2008 – Cyclone Nargis makes landfall in Burma killing over 138,000 people and leaving millions of people homeless.

2008 – Chaitén Volcano begins erupting in Chile, forcing the evacuation of more than 4,500 people.

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2011 – Osama bin Laden, the suspected mastermind behind the September 11 attacks and the FBI's most wanted man, is killed by the United States special forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan.

2011 – An E. coli outbreak strikes Europe, mostly in Germany, leaving more than 30 people dead and many others sick from the bacteria outbreak.

2011 – The 41st Canadian federal election is held, in which the governing Conservative Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister Stephen Harper, increases their number of seats from a minority to a majority.

2012 – A pastel version of The Scream, by Norwegian painter Edvard Munch, sells for $120 million in a New York City auction, setting a new world record for a work of art at auction.

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2014 – Two mudslides in Badakhshan, Afghanistan, leave up to 2,500 people missing.

CaptainCrunch

05-03-2018, 12:06 PM

May 3rd

752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico assumes the throne.

1294 – John II becomes Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg.

1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties.

1491 – Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries, adopting the baptismal name of João I.

1616 – Treaty of Loudun ends French civil war.

1715 – A total solar eclipse was visible across northern Europe, and northern Asia, as predicted by Edmond Halley to within 4 minutes accuracy.

1791 – The Constitution of May 3 (the first modern constitution in Europe) is proclaimed by the Sejm of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1802 – Washington, D.C. is incorporated as a city.

1808 – Finnish War: Sweden loses the fortress of Sveaborg to Russia.

1808 – Peninsular War: The Madrid rebels who rose up on May 2 are executed near Príncipe Pío hill.

1815 – Neapolitan War: Joachim Murat, King of Naples is defeated by the Austrians at the Battle of Tolentino, the decisive engagement of the war.

1830 – The Canterbury and Whitstable Railway is opened; it is the first steam-hauled passenger railway to issue season tickets and include a tunnel.

1837 – The University of Athens is founded in Athens, Greece.

1848 – The boar-crested Anglo-Saxon Benty Grange helmet is discovered in a barrow on the Benty Grange farm in Derbyshire.

1849 – The May Uprising in Dresden begins: The last of the German revolutions of 1848–49.

1855 – American adventurer William Walker departs from San Francisco with about 60 men to conquer Nicaragua.

1860 – Charles XV of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Sweden.

1867 – The Hudson's Bay Company gives up all claims to Vancouver Island.

1901 – The Great Fire of 1901 begins in Jacksonville, Florida.

1913 – Raja Harishchandra the first full-length Indian feature film is released, marking the beginning of the Indian film industry.

1920 – A Bolshevik coup fails in the Democratic Republic of Georgia.

1921 – West Virginia becomes the first state to legislate a broad sales tax, but does not implement it until a number of years later due to enforcement issues.

1921 – The Government of Ireland Act 1920 is passed, dividing Ireland into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland.

1937 – Gone with the Wind, a novel by Margaret Mitchell, wins the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

1939 – The All India Forward Bloc is formed by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.

1942 – World War II: Japanese naval troops invade Tulagi Island in the Solomon Islands during the first part of Operation Mo that results in the Battle of the Coral Sea between Japanese forces and forces from the United States and Australia.

1945 – World War II: Sinking of the prison ships Cap Arcona, Thielbek and Deutschland by the Royal Air Force in Lübeck Bay.

1947 – New post-war Japanese constitution goes into effect.

1948 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Shelley v. Kraemer that covenants prohibiting the sale of real estate to blacks and other minorities are legally unenforceable.

1951 – London's Royal Festival Hall opens with the Festival of Britain.

1951 – The United States Senate Committee on Armed Services and United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations begin their closed door hearings into the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur by U.S. President Harry Truman.

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1952 – Lieutenant Colonels Joseph O. Fletcher and William P. Benedict of the United States land a plane at the North Pole.

1952 – The Kentucky Derby is televised nationally for the first time, on the CBS network.

1957 – Walter O'Malley, the owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers, agrees to move the team from Brooklyn to Los Angeles.

1960 – The Off-Broadway musical comedy The Fantasticks opens in New York City's Greenwich Village, eventually becoming the longest-running musical of all time.

1960 – The Anne Frank House museum opens in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

1963 – The police force in Birmingham, Alabama switches tactics and responds with violent force to stop the "Birmingham campaign" protesters. Images of the violent suppression are transmitted worldwide, bringing new-found attention to the civil rights movement.

1973 – The 108-story Sears Tower in Chicago is topped out at 1,451 feet as the world's tallest building.

1978 – The first unsolicited bulk commercial email (which would later become known as "spam") is sent by a Digital Equipment Corporation marketing representative to every ARPANET address on the west coast of the United States.

1986 – Twenty-one people are killed and forty-one are injured after a bomb explodes on Air Lanka Flight 512 at Colombo airport in Sri Lanka.

1987 – A crash by Bobby Allison at the Talladega Superspeedway, Alabama fencing at the start-finish line would lead NASCAR to develop the restrictor plate for the following season both at Daytona International Speedway and Talladega.

1999 – The southwestern portion of Oklahoma City is devastated by an F5 tornado, killing forty-five people, injuring 665, and causing $1 billion in damage. The tornado is one of 66 from the Oklahoma tornado outbreak. This tornado also produces the highest wind speed ever recorded, measured at 301 +/- 20 mph (484 +/- 32 km/h).

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2000 – The sport of geocaching begins, with the first cache placed and the coordinates from a GPS posted on Usenet.

2001 – The United States loses its seat on the U.N. Human Rights Commission for the first time since the commission was formed in 1947.

2002 – An Indian Air Force MiG-21 crashes into a bank in Jalandhar, killing eight and injuring 17.

2007 – The 4-year-old British girl Madeleine McCann disappears in Praia da Luz, Portugal, starting "the most heavily reported missing-person case in modern history".

2015 – Two gunmen launch an attempted attack on an anti-Islam event in Garland, Texas, which was held in response to the Charlie Hebdo shooting.

2016 – Eighty-eight thousand people were evacuated from their homes in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada as a wildfire ripped through the community, destroying approximately 2,400 homes and buildings.

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2018 - Basque separatist terrorist band ETA announces its dissolution and ceasing of all activities.